词语的翻译汇总
一、 词义的选择
I. 基本技巧
1）确切：
这个人私贩鸦片。（cretly ll?）
This man is a trafficker of opium.
他想这样会使工程及时全面展开，从而减少中途停工的可能。
He thought this would lesn the chance of the project’s being stopped before it really got under way.
2）简洁：
他们你一句，我一句，说个没完。
They talked on and on (without stopping.)
你们的计划要进行调整。
Your plan will have to be adjusted.
3）生动：
他总算把记者招待会对付过去了。
After all, he survived the press conference.
公共汽车为人们去长城参观提供了方便。
Bus provide easy access to the Great Wall. (more vivid than “provide convenience for…)
II．汉译英时如何使译文准确
1. 概说：
1）用词要忠实于原文，不能只凭“大概”。
A. 在提及工艺品的发展前景时，于经理说：--
While speaking of the prospects for handicraft, Manager Yu said, --(dwelling on)
B. 技术革新受到了鼓励。
Technical innovations are encouraged. (urged)
C. 允许一部分人先富起来。
We encourage some people to get rich first.
2）注意汉英词汇意义的不同：
狗把他的手抓了。
The dog scratched his hand.
抓住机会
grasp the opportunity
抓苗头
watch out for the first sign
抓生产
attach importance to production
抓住机遇
value opportunities
3) 不能够字字死译，要考虑英语的含义。
为了多积攒点钱买房子，他们省吃俭用。thriftily
* They save food and expens to -
They live frugally to accumulate more money to buy a hou.
无论天晴还是下雨，他们明天都得去。
Rain or shine, they will have to go tomorrow.
2．去掉不必要的夸张
1 )世界上公认他是最伟大的政治家（社论）。
* He is everybody’s choice as the world’s greatest statesman.
He is generally acknowledged as the world’s greatest statesman.
2) 和这里的人们一样，他也喜欢吃土豆。
*Like all people here, he likes to eat potatoes.
Like most people here, he likes to eat potatoes.
3． 用词要注意轻重
1)我国的进出口贸易总额有了较大幅度的增长。
There has been a big increa in the total volume of imports and exports.
2）我们必须广泛地利用现代科学技术的新成就。
We must utilize the achievements of modern science and technology on a wide/large scale.
3）他们向解放区发动了全面进攻。
They launched an all-out offensive campaign against the liberated areas.
4） 合同的基本条款和内容不完善。(*imperfect)
The basic provisions and content of the contract are incomplete.
4. 用词要具体
1）他是一个土木工程师。
He’s a civil engineer.
(not engineer: sanitary, mining or telephone engineer)
2) 在火车离开的前几分钟，他阔步走进了火车站。
walk, saunter, stride, trudge, shamble
He strode into the station a few minutes before the train’s departure.
思想：
毛泽东思想
Mao Zedong Thought
解放思想
Liberate one’s mind
军事思想
military thinking
人民战争思想
concept of people’s war
III. 使译文清楚，避免歧义：
1． 名词所有格：
在看到张三的杀人行为时他感到十分震惊。
He was very much shocked at the sight of Zhang San’s killing.*(himlf or somebody el)
He was very much shocked at the sight of Zhang San’s killing a person.
2. 指代准确
她喜欢这些知识分子。
She likes the intellectuals.
(not the)
那个挨过烫的孩子怕火。
This burnt child dreads fire.
(not the burnt child)
你看见我那只鹿了吗？
Have you en my deer?*
Have you en that deer of mine？
3． 该用名词时，不要用代词
母女二人告诉他：女儿相信这个故事。
The mother and the daughter told him that the daughter believed the story. (not she)
小王答应他父亲，他永远不抛弃父亲的朋友。
Xiao Wang promid his father never to abandon the friends of his father’s.
(not abandon his friends)
3． 数词的使用：
他的学生们都到同一个村子去了。
*All of his students have gone to one village.
All of his students have gone to the same village.
他们俩有10个苹果。
*Both of them have ten apples.
*Either of them have five apples.
They two share ten apples.
3． 形容词的使用
这匹马的肉可以吃了。
The hor was ready to eat.* (The hor could be eaten readily./
The hor could eat grass readily.)
The hor could be eaten.
二、 增词法和减词法
一、为了保证语法结构的完整：
代词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词，需要增补。
1．大作收到，十分高兴。
I am very glad to have received your writing.
2．没有调查就没有发言权。
He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.
3．把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。
After you have read the stories, tell them in your own words.
4． 我们响应了祖国的号召。
We responded to the call of our motherland.
5．她用手蒙住脸，好象是为了保护眼睛。
She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes.
6.孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。
The children take their lunch to school every day.
7． 我们的心永远向着祖国。
Our hearts are always towards our motherland
连词：汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译成英语时，要适当增加连词。
1. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
2． 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
3．村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买东西。
Men and women, old and young in the village, all liked shopping in that small supermarket.
4． 我妈妈来了，我得回去了。
My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now.
