International Baccalaureate
International Baccalaureate |
Level | Approximate mark (varies according to subject [3]) |
7 | ~90-100 |
6 | ~75-90 |
5 | ~60-75 |
4 | ~50-60 |
3 | ~40-50 |
2 | ~30-40 |
1 | 0-~30 |
| |
Russia
Most Russian educational institutions u a five-point grading scale:
∙5: Very good or Excellent, equal to highest distinction (best possible grade), around 85%+
∙4: Good (above average) approximately 75-84%
∙3: Satisfactory, sometimes translated into English as Fair (lowest passing grade) 50-74%
∙2: Unsatisfactory (failing) 25-49%
∙1: Poor (lowest possible grade) 24% and below, or failure to show up / complete exam.
United States
Main article: Academic grading in the United States
Classical five-point discrete evaluation with grades is the system most commonly ud in the United States, but there are many variations. There are also a few schools that eschew discrete evaluation (letter grading) in favor of pure discursive evaluation. There is no standardized system of grading in the United States, as the issues are left up to indi
vidual universities, schools, and states.
Grades in the United States are generally assigned by a letter: A (highest grade, excellent), B (above average), C (average), D (usually the minimum passing grade), and F (fail). Additionally, most schools will calculate a student's grade point average (GPA) by assigning each letter grade a number and using a mathematical formula to come up with a numerical reprentation of a student's work. Generally, American schools equate an A with a numerical value of 4.0.
The percentage needed in any given courwork to achieve a certain grade and the assignment of GPA point values varies from one school to another. The most common grading scales for normal cours and honors/advanced placement cours are as follows:
| For Normal Cours | |
Grade | Percentage | GPA value |
A | 90-100 | 3.5-4.0 |
B | 80-89 | 2.5-3.49 |
C | 70-79 | 1.5-2.49 |
D | 60-69 | 1.0-1.49 |
F | 0-59 | 0.0 |
| | |
| For Honors/AP Cours | |
Grade | Percentage | GPA value |
A | 90-100 | 4.5-5.0 |
B | 80-89 | 3.5-4.49 |
C | 70-79 | 2.5-3.49 |
D | 65-69 | 2.0-2.5 |
F | 0-64 | 0.0-1.99 |
| | |
Whether the failing grade is F or E typically depends on time and geography. Some states, but not many, have tended to favor E since World War II while the majority of the country tends to u F. Another letter ud to reprent a failing grade is U, reprenting "unsatisfactory." Ultimately, the grade F traces to the days of two-point grading as Pass (P) and Fail (F). In recent years some schools have begun using an N for failing grades, presumably to reprent "No Credit".
Chromatic variants (+ and −) are often ud. In hypomodal grading on a 100-point scale, the prime letter grade is assigned a value centered around the one's digit 5: the + grade is assigned the top values of near the one's digit 9, and the − grade is assigned the bottom values near 0; thus, 80 to 83 is B−, 83.01 to 87 is B, and 87.01 to 89.99 is B+. In straight modal grading on a 4.0 decimal scale, the integer is the prime letter grade: the + range of the grade begins at X.333 (repeating), rounded to X.30, above the integer, and the − range of the grade begins at X.666 (repeating), rounded up to X.70, below the integer: thus, B = 3.0, B+ = 3.3, and B− = 2.7.
The A range is often treated as a special ca. In most American schools, a 4.00 is regarded as perfect and the highest GPA one can achieve. Thus, an A, being the prime grade, achieves the mark of a 4.00; for the A+ mark, most schools still assign a value of 4.00, equivalent to the A mark, to prevent deviation from the standard 4.00 GPA system. However, the A+ mark, then, becomes a mark of distinction that has no impact on the student's GPA. A few schools do assign grade values of 4.33, however.
In many American high schools, students may also score above 4.0 if taking advanced, honors, Advanced Placement, or International Baccalaureate class (for example, a "regular" A would be worth 4 points, but an A earned in an advanced class might be worth 4.5 or 5 points towards the GPA.)
There has been dispute[citation needed] over how colleges should look at grades from previous schools and high schools becau one grade in one part of the country might not be the equivalent of a grade in another part of the country. In other words, an "A" might be 90-100 somewhere, and a 94-100 somewhere el. In middle and high schools that do not u a system bad on academic credit, the grade point average is computed by taking the mean of all grades. In colleges and universities that u discrete evaluation, the grade point average is calculated by multiplying the quantitative values by the credit value of the correlative cour, and then dividing the total by the sum of all credits.
For example:
Class | Credits | Grade | Grade Points |
Speech 101 | 3 | A | 3 × 4.0 = 12.0 |
Biology 102 | 4 | B+ | 4 × 3.3 = 13.2 |
History 157 | 3 | B− | 3 × 2.7 = 8.1 |
Physical Education 104 | 1 | C | 1 × 2.0 = 2.0 |
| | | |
∙Total Credits: 11
∙Total Grade Points: 35.3
∙Grade Point Average: 35.3 / 11 = 3.209 or slightly below B+
In a standards-bad grading system, a performance standard is t by a committee bad on ranking anchor papers and grading rubrics, which demonstrate performance which is below, meeting, or exceeding the "standard." This standard is intended to be a high, world-class level of performance, which must be met by every student regardless of ability or class, although they are actually t by a committee with no reference to any other national standard. Levels are generally assigned numbers between zero and four. Writing papers may be graded parately on content (discussion) and conventions (spelling and grammar). Since grading is not bad on a curve distribution, it is entirely possible to achieve a grading distribution in which all students pass and meet the standard. While such grading is generally ud only for asssments, they have been propod for alignment with classroom grading. However, in practice, grading can be mu
ch more vere than traditional letter grades. Even after ten years, some states, such as Washington, continue to evaluate over half of their students as "below standard" on the state mathematics asssment.
