句型种类 主语 | 谓语部分 | ||||
谓语动词 | 表语 | 宾语 | 宾补 | ||
S+Vi | Pat | arrived | |||
S+Vt+O | She | plays | the piano | ||
S+Vt+C | They | are(系动词) | heroes. | ||
S+Vt+Ino+Do | I | offered | him dollars | ||
S+Vt+O+Oc | Ann | made | me | cry | |
句子成分 | 意义 | 充当词类 | 例句 |
主语 The Subject | 表示句子说的是什么人，或什么事 | 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子等。 | 1.We study in No.7 Middle School. 2.Jim is an educated child. |
谓语 The predicate | 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样 | 由动词或动词词组充当 | 1.I expect you to take me. 2.Lucy is dancing under the tree. 3.Her parents hate telling lies. |
宾语 The object | 表示动作、行为的对象 | 同主语的充当词类 | 1.Both of the girls like Spanish. 2.Did she call me just now? |
表语 The predicative | 与系动词连用，一起构成谓语、说明主语的性质特征 | 同主语的充当词类 | 1.Her mother is a chemist. 2.The two states were at war then. 3.What he said sounds reasonable. |
定语 The attribute | 用来修饰名词或代词 | 形、代、数、名、副、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语 | 1.The black sweater is mine. 2.What is his father's name？ 3.We have nine lessons every day. |
状语 The adverbial | 修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等 | 通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语来表示 | 1.The miners work very hard. 2.She often helps Mike. 3.They held a party in Hollywood. |
宾语补足语 The object complement | 宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系 | 一般由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当 | 1.They named the baby Lily. 2.She always keeps the hou clean every day. |
分类 | 说明 | 例句 | |
按结构分类 | 简单句 The simple ntence | 由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。即：一套主谓关系 | 1.She goes to work every day. 2.Tom and I found her there. 3.We all breathe, eat and work. |
并列句 The compound ntence | 由并列连词（如：and ,so,but, or等）把两个或以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子 | 1.I often help her and she helps me ,too. 2.Harry likes eggs,but he doesn't like chicken. | |
复合句 The complex ntence | 由一个主句和一个或以上的从句构成的句子 | 1.I believe you are right. 2.If he studies harder, he will pass the exam. | |
按用途分类 | 陈述句 The declaratives ntence | 用来说明一个事实或陈述说话人的看法。 | 1.They're practising English. 2.Mother doesn't like dogs. |
祈使句 The imperative ntence | 用来表示请求、命令等。谓语动词用原形。有肯定、否定两种形式。 | 1.Keep quiet,plea. 2.Don't read in the sun. 3.Let's be friends. | |
感叹句 The exclamatory ntence | 用来表达强烈的感情 | 1.What a hot day it is! 2.How fast Liu Xiang runs! | |
一般疑问句 The general qution | 用yes 和no 来回答的句子，通常把助动词be ,have 或情态动词放在主语前 | 1.Is she a student？ 2.Can you play the piano? 3.Do they like basketball? | |
特殊疑问句 The special question | 用疑问词开头的疑问句，不能用yes 和no 回答。 | 1.Who is on duty today? 2.How did he get the news? 3.Where does he live ? | |
选择疑问句 The alternative question | 提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择，两部分用or连接，其结构是：“一般疑问句+or+要选择部分？” | 1.Is she playing or working? 2.Which would you like ,tea or coffee? | |
反意疑问句 The disjunctive question | 在陈述句后附上一个简短问句，表示说话者对所叙述的事实虽然有一定的见解，但没有把握，提出相反的疑问，希望得到对方证实。其结构是：“前肯后否，前否后肯” | 1. Work is a bag part of your life ,isn't it ? 2. You don't want to stay here,do you ? 3. Don't be so noisy, will you ? | |
类别 | 结构 | 例句 | 备注 |
以What 引导 | What +a/an+adj.+ 单数可数名词+主语+谓语！ | 1.What a silly question he asked! 2.What an interesting story (it is) ! | 1.在口语中，后面的主语，谓语可以省略。 2.What 感叹句的中心词是名词，但名词前可以加形容词等来修饰。 3.How“adj+a/an+单数名词”，但不能接“Adj+复数或不可数名词” |
What +(adj)+ 复数名词+主语+谓语！ | 1.What lovely girls they are! 2.What beautiful flowers they are ! 3.What fools you are! | ||
What +adj.+ 不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！ | 1.What fine weather (it is) today! 2.What good advice she gave! | ||
How 引导 | How +adv./adj.+主语+谓语！ | 1.How cool it was yesterday! 2.How hard the students study! | |
其他形式 | 有时陈述句、一般疑问句、单词或短语也可以用作感叹句 | 1.She is such a nice girl! 2.Isn't the story interesting! 3.Wonderful! 4.Help ! 5.Lovely day,isn't it! | |
注意 | 1.感叹句有时可以用How和What来转换，但这只能适合于单数可数名词的情况。 2.fun, advice ,information,news,weather等不可数名词或复数名词前，即使其前有形容词来修饰，也不能加a/an. | ||
常见形式 | 例句 | |
肯定形式 | Vi（+副词） | 1.Stop! Sit down! Get away! 2.Come here,everyone! |
Vt+宾语 | 1.stop talking! 2.Give it to your sister! | |
Be+ adj. | 1.Be careful! 2.Be reasonable, Mary. It wasn't my fault. 3.Be sure to turn off the light! | |
否定形式（Don't/Never +V） | 1.Don't take it away! 2.Never put off till tomorrow what can be done today! | |
Let 结构 | 1.Let me try! 2.Let him not waste time! 3.Let's be frank with each other! | |
有主语结构（以示强调）（You+V） | 1.You clean the blackboard! 2.John ,you be quiet! | |
加强语气结构（do/does/did+V.） | 1.Do come ,plea! 2. Do be brave! 2.Tom did tell me the news! | |
无动词祈使句 | 1.Silence! 2.No smoking! 3.No entry! | |
注意：祈使句与and 或or 等连用，可以表示条件。如： Work hard,and you'll succeed. Don't move ,or I'll fire! | ||
陈述部分 | 附加疑问部分 | 例句 |
hardly, few, little,no, not, never,nobody,nothing,ldom,nowhere等否定词或半否定词 | 肯定式 | 1.Nobody came here while i was out ,did they ? 2.There's little rice at home ,is there ? 3.Dave can hardly cook,can he ? |
no one ,no body, one ,nothing,neither等作宾语 | 多用肯定式也可用否定形式 | 1.peter has nothing to say ,does(n't) he ? 2.You got nothing from her,did(n't) you? |
含有un-, in-,im-,dis-, --less等否定前、后缀构成的派生词 | 否定形式 | 1.That's unfair ,isn't it ? 2.The boy is hopeless,isn't he? 3.She dislikes pets,doesn't she? |
陈述部分句式 | 附加问句部分 | 例句 |
aren't I | I'm your friend,aren't I? | |
may I | I wish to have a look,may I? | |
Let's (表建议，包括说着) | shall we (shan't we) | Let's sing an English song, shall we? |
Let us （表允许，不包括说话者） | will you(won't you) | Let us make it by ourlves,will you? |
Let me /him/ them | will you | Let me do it again,will you ? Let him join us,will you? |
表示邀请、请求的祈使句 | will/ won't you | Come here this evening, will you? You will speak English,won't you? |
否定的祈使句（表示请求） | will/ can't you | Don't make a noi , will/can you? |
感叹句 | 用一般现在时be 的形式 | What fine weather ,isn't it ? |
并列句 | 与邻近的分句一致 | Mary is a nice girl, but she doesn't like English,does she? |
主从复合句 | 多与主句的主、谓语一致 | Jim wouldn't go if it rained, would he? |
I don't think/+宾语从句 | 与从句的主，谓语一致，且用肯定形式 | I don't think this story is funny,is it? I don't believe he knows it, does he? |
So..., or..., oh... | 前后两部分一致（前否后也否） | He is Michael Jordan,or is he? |
陈述部分主语 | 附加部分主语 | 例句 |
this,that ,anything,something, nothing,everything，不定式，动名词（短语），从句 | it | 1.This /That is your sister,isn't it? 2.Everything ems all right,doesn't it ? 3.Nothing is rious,is it? 4.To learn Japane isn't easy, is it? 5.What she said was true,wasn't it? |
some（none）of... | it /they | 1.Some of the boys have left,haven't they? 2.None of the food was delicious,was it? |
the/tho | they | The /Tho are not parrots,are they? |
anybody ,someone, everyone,either,nobody, one,one,neither | he/they | 1.Everyone knows this,don't they/doesn't he? 2.Each of boys had an apple,didn't he /they? 3.Nobody saw him,did they? 4.No one called me just now,did they? |
复数代词one | one/he | One can't always be young,can one/he? |
the +形容词以及由both ...and , , , and, , or 等连接的主语 | 复数代词 | 1.The poor had no right to vote then, did they ? 2.Both Ro and Mary left,didn't they ? 3.Neither you or I am wrong, are we? |
本文发布于:2023-05-06 14:14:38，感谢您对本站的认可！
本文链接：https://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/82/540637.html
版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系，我们将在24小时内删除。
| 留言与评论（共有 0 条评论） |
