TS-2b M 320-1 AASHTO
Standard Specification for
Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder
AASHTO Designation: M 320-05
1. SCOPE
This specification covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the average ven-day maximum pavement design and minimum pavement design
temperatures. This specification contains Table 1 and Table 2. Table 2 incorporates PP42 for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of T 313 and T 314 test procedures. If no table is specified, the default is Table 1.
Note 1—For asphalt cements graded by penetration at 25°C, e M 20. For asphalt cements graded by viscosity at 60°C, e M 226.
Note 2—R 29 provides information for determining the performance grade of an asphalt binder.
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
2.1.
AASHTO Standards :
M 20, Penetration-Graded Asphalt Cement
M 226, Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Cement PP 28, Superpave Volumetric Design for Hot-Mix
Asphalt (HMA)
M 323, Superpave Volumetric Mix Design
PP 42, Determination of Low-Temperature Performance Grade (PG) of Asphalt Binders R 28, Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vesl (PAV) R 29, Grading or Verifying the Performance Grade of an Asphalt Binder R 35, Superpave Volumetric Design for Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) T 40, Sampling Bituminous Materials T 44, Solubility of Bituminous Materials
T 48, Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup
T 55, Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
T 240, Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test) T 313, Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending Beam
Rheometer (BBR)
T 314, Determining the Fracture Properties of Asphalt Binder in Direct Tension
T 315, Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear
Rheometer (DSR)
T 316, Viscosity Determination of Asphalt Binder Using Rotational Viscometer
2.2.
ASTM Standards :
D 8, Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
D 5546, Standard Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Binders in Toluene by Centrifuge
3. TERMINOLOGY
3.1. Definitions:
3.1.1. Definitions for many terms common to asphalt binder are found in ASTM D 8.
3.1.2. asphalt binder—an asphalt-bad cement that is produced from petroleum residue either with or
without the addition of non-particulate organic modifiers.
INFORMATION
4. ORDERING
4.1. When ordering under this specification, include in the purcha order the performance grade (PG)
of asphalt binder required and the table ud (e.g., PG 52-16, Table 1 or PG 64-34, Table 2). If no
table is specified, the default is Table 1.
4.2. Asphalt binder grades may be lected by following the procedures described in M 323 and R 3
5.
5. MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE
5.1. Asphalt binder shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods, with or
without the addition of modifiers.
5.2. Modifiers may be any organic material of suitable manufacture that is ud in virgin or
recycled condition and that is dissolved, disperd or reacted in asphalt binder to enhance
its performance.
5.3. The asphalt binder shall be homogeneous, free from water and deleterious materials, and shall not
foam when heated to 175°C.
5.4. The asphalt binder shall be at least 99.0 percent soluble as determined by T 44 or ASTM D 554
6.
5.5. This specification is not applicable for asphalt binders in which fibers or other discrete particles
are larger than 250 μm in size.
5.6. The grades of asphalt binder shall conform to the requirements given in Table 1 or Table 2.
AASHTO
320-2
TS-2b M
T a b l e 1—P e r f o r m a n c e -G r a d e d A s p h a l t B i n d e r S p e c i f i c a t i o n
P G 46 P G 52 P G 58 P G 64 P e r f o r m a n c e G r a d e
34 40 46 10 16 22 28 34 40 46 16 22 28 34 40 10 16 22 28 34 40
A v e r a g e 7-d a y m a x i m u m p a v e m e n t d e s i g n t e m p e r a t u r e , °C a
<46
<52 <58 <64
M i n i m u m p a v e m e n t d e s i g n t e m p e r a t u r e , °C a
> – 34 > – 40 > – 46 > – 10 > – 16 > – 22 > – 28 > – 34 > – 40 > – 46 > – 16 > – 22 > – 28 > – 34 > – 40 > – 10 > – 16 > – 22 > – 28
> – 34 > – 40
O r i g i n a l B i n d e r
F l a s h p o i n t t e m p , T 48, m i n i m u m °C
230
V i s c o s i t y , T 316:b
m a x i m u m 3 P a ·s , t e s t t e m p , °C 135
D y n a m i c s h e a r , T 315:c G */s i n δ,d m i n i m u m 1.00 k P a t e s t t e m p @ 10 r a d /s , °C
46 52 58 64
R o l l i n g T h i n -F i l m O v e n R e s i d u e (T 240) M a s s c h a n g e ,e
m a x i m u m , p e r c e n t
1.00
D y n a m i c s h e a r , T 315: G */s i n δ,d m i n i m u m 2.20 k P a t e s t t e m p @ 10 r a d /s , °C
46 52
58 64
P r e s s u r e A g i n g V e s s e l R e s i d u e (R 28)
P A V a g i n g t e m p e r a t u r e , °C f
90 90 100 100
D y n a m i c s h e a r , T 315: G * s i n δ,d m a x i m u m 5000 k P a t e s t t e m p @ 10 r a d /s , °C
10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16
C r e e p s t i f f n e s s , T 313:
g
S , m a x i m u m 300 M P a m -v a l u e , m i n i m u m 0.300 t e s t t e m p @ 60 s , °C
–24 –30 –36 0 –6 –12 –18 –24 –30 –36 –6 –12 –18 –24 –30 0 –6 –12 –18 –24 –30
D i r e c t t e n s i o n , T 314:g
F a i l u r e s t r a i n , m i n i m u m 1.0% t e s t t e m p @ 1.0 m m /m i n , °C –24 –30 –36 0 –6 –12 –18 –24 –30 –36 –6 –12 –18 –24 –30 0 –6 –12 –18 –24 –30 a P a v e m e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s a r e e s t i m a t e d f r o m a i r t e m p e r a t u r e s u s i n g a n a l g o r i t h m c o n t a i n e d i n t h e L T P P B i n d p r o g r a m , m a y b e p r o v i d e d b y t h e s p e c i f y i n g a g e n c y , o r b y f o l l o w i n g t h e p r o c e d u r e s a s o u t l i n e d i n M 323 a n d R 35. b T h i s r e q u i r e m e n t m a y b e w a i v e d a t t h e d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e s p e c i f y i n g a g e n c y i f t h e s u p p l i e r w a r r a n t s t h a t t h e a s p h a l t b i n d e r c a n b e a d e q u a t e l y p u m p e d a n d m i x e d a t t e m p e r a t u r e s t h a t m e e t a l l a p p l i c a b l e s a f e t y s t a n d a r d s . c F o r q u a l i t y c o n t r o l o f u n m o d i f i e d a s p h a l t b i n d e r p r o d u c t i o n , m e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e v i s c o s i t y o f t h e o r i g i n a l a s p h a l t b i n d e r m a y b e u s e d t o s u p p l e m e n t d y n a m i c s h e a r m e a s u r e m e n t s o f
G */s i n δ a t t e s t t e m p e r a t u r e s w h e r e t h e a s p h a l t i s a N e w t o n i a n f l u i d . d G */s i n δ = h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s t i f f n e s s a n d G * s i n δ = i n t e r m e d i a t e t e m p e r a t u r e s t i f f n e s s . e T h e m a s s c h a n g e s h a l l b e l e s s t h a n 1.00 p e r c e n t f o r e i t h e r a p o s i t i v e (m a s s g a i n ) o r a n e g a t i v e (m a s s l o s s ) c h a n g
e . f T h e P A V a g i n g t e m p e r a t u r e i s b a s e d o n s i m u l a t e d c l i m a t i c c o n d i t i o n s a n d i s o n e o f t h r e e t e m p e r a t u r e s , 90°C , 100°C , o r 110°C . N o r m a l l y t h e P A V a g i n g t e m p e r a t u r e i s 100°C f o r P G 58-x x a n d a b o v e .
H o w e v e r , i n d e s e r t c l i m a t e s , t h e P A V a g i n g t e m p e r a t u r e f o r P G 70-x x a n d a b o v e m a y b e s p e c i f i e d a s 110°C . g
I f t h e c r e e p s t i f f n e s s i s b e l o w 300 M P a , t h e d i r e c t t e n s i o n t e s t i s n o t r e q u i r e d . I f t h e c r e e p s t i f f n e s s i s b e t w e e n 300 a n d 600 M P a , t h e d i r e c t t e n s i o n f a i l u r e s t r a i n r e q u i r e m e n t c a n b e u s e d i n l i e u o f t h e c r e e p s t i f f n e s s r e q u i r e m e n t . T h e m -v a l u e r e q u i r e m e n t m u s t b e s a t i s f i e d i n b o t h c a s e s .
TS-2b M 320-3 AASHTO
T a b l e 1—C o n t i n u e d
P G 70 P G 76 P G 82 P e r f o r m a n c e G r a d e
10 16 22 28 34 40 10 16 22 28 34 10 16 22 28 34
A v e r a g e 7-d a y m a x i m u m
p a v e m e n t d e s i g n t e m p e r a t u r e , °C a
<70
<76 <82
M i n i m u m p a v e m e n t d e s i g n t e m p e r a t u r e , °C a
> – 10 > – 16 > – 22 > – 28 > – 34 > – 40 > – 10 > – 16 > – 22 > – 28 > – 34 > – 10 > – 16 > – 22 > – 28
> – 34
O r i g i n a l B i n d e r
F l a s h p o i n t t e m p , T 48, m i n i m u m °C
230
V i s c o s i t y , T 316:b
m a x i m u m 3 P a ·s , t e s t t e m p , °C 135
D y n a m i c s h e a r , T 315:c G */s i n δ,d m i n i m u m 1.00 k P a t e s t t e m p @ 10 r a d /s , °C
70 76 82
R o l l i n g T h i n -F i l m O v e n R e s i d u e (T 240)
M a s s c h a n g e ,e
m a x i m u m , p e r c e n t
1.00
D y n a m i c s h e a r , T 315: G */s i n δ,d m i n i m u m 2.20 k P a t e s t t e m p @ 10 r a d /s , °C
70 76 82
P r e s s u r e A g i n g V e s s e l R e s i d u e (R 28)
P A V a g i n g t e m p e r a t u r e , °C f
100 (110) 100 (110) 100 (110)
D y n a m i c s h e a r , T 315: G * s i n δ,d m a x i m u m 5000 k P a t e s t t e m p @ 10 r a d /s , °C
34 31 28 25 22 19 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 34 31 28
C r e e p s t i f f n e s s , T 313:g
S , m a x i m u m 300 M P a m -v a l u e , m i n i m u m 0.300 t e s t t e m p @ 60 s , °C
0 –6 –12 –18 –24 –30 0 –6 –12 –18 –24 0 –6 –12 –18 –24
D i r e c t t e n s i o n , T 314:g
F a i l u r e s t r a i n , m i n i m u m 1.0% t e s t t e m p @ 1.0 m m /m i n , °C 0 –6 –12 –18 –24 –30 0 –6 –12 –18 –24 0 –6 –12 –18 –24 a P a v e m e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s a r e e s t i m a t e d f r o m a i r t e m p e r a t u r e s u s i n g a n a l g o r i t h m c o n t a i n e d i n t h e L T P P
B i n d p r o g r a m , m a y b e p r o v i d e d b y t h e s p e c i f y i n g a g e n c y , o r b y f o l l o w i n g t h e p r o c e d u r e s a s o u t l i n e d i n M 323 a n d R 35. b T h i s r e q u i r e m e n t m a y b e w a i v e d a t t h e d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e s p e c i f y i n g a g e n c y i f t h e s u p p l i e r w a r r a n t s t h a t t h e a s p h a l t b i n d e r c a n b e a d e q u a t e l y p u m p e d a n d m i x e d a t t e m p e r a t u r e s t h a t m e e t a l l a p p l i c a b l e s a f e t y s t a n d a r d s . c F o r q u a l i t y c o n t r o l o f u n m o d i f i e d a s p h a l t b i n d e r p r o d u c t i o n , m e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e v i s c o s i t y o f t h e o r i g i n a l a s p h a l t b i n d e r m a y b e u s e d t o s u p p l e m e n t d y n a m i c s h e a r m e a s u r e m e n t s o f
G */s i n δ a t t e s t t e m p e r a t u r e s w h e r e t h e a s p h a l t i s a N e w t o n i a n f l u i d . d G */s i n δ = h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s t i f f n e s s a n d G * s i n δ = i n t e r m e d i a t e t e m p e r a t u r e s t i f f n e s s . e T h e m a s s c h a n g e s h a l l b e l e s s t h a n 1.00 p e r c e n t f o r e i t h e r a p o s i t i v e (m a s s g a i n ) o r a n e g a t i v e (m a s s l o s s ) c h a n g e . f T h e P A V a g i n g t e m p e r a t u r e i s b a s e d o n s i m u l a t e d c l i m a t i c c o n d i t i o n s a n d i s o n e o f t h r e e t e m p e r a t u r e s , 90°C , 100°C , o r 110°C . N o r m a l l y t h e P A V a g i n g t e m p e r a t u r e i s 100°C f o r P G 58-x x a n d a b o v e .
H o w e v e r , i n d e s e r t c l i m a t e s , t h e P A V a g i n g t e m p e r a t u r e f o r P G 70-x
x a n d a b o v e m a y b e s p e c i f i e d a s 110°C . g
I f t h e c r e e p s t i f f n e s s i s b e l o w 300 M P a , t h e d i r e c t t e n s i o n t e s t i s n o t r e q u i r e d . I f t h e c r e e p s t i f f n e s s i s b e t w e e n 300 a n d 600 M P a , t h e d i r e c t t e n s i o n f a i l u r e s t r a i n r e q u i r e m e n t c a n b e u s e d i n l i e u o f t h e c r e e p s t i f f n e s s r e q u i r e m e n t . T h e m -v a l u e r e q u i r e m e n t m u s t b e s a t i s f i e d i n b o t h c a s e s .
TS-2b M 320-4 AASHTO
T a b l e 2—P e r f o r m a n c e -G r a d e d A s p h a l t B i n d e r S p e c i f i c a t i o n
P G 46 P G 52 P G 58 P G 64 P e r f o r m a n c e G r a d e
34 40 46 10 16 22 28 34 40 46 16 22 28 34 40 10 16 22 28 34 40
A v e r a g e 7-d a y m a x i m u m p a v e m e n t d e s i g n t e m p e r a t u r e , °C a
<46
<52 <58 <64
M i n i m u m p a v e m e n t d e s i g n t e m p e r a t u r e , °C a
> –34 > –40 > –46 > –10 > –16 > –22 > –28 > –34 > –40 > –46 > –16 > –22 > –28 > –34 > –40 > –10 > –16 > –22
> –28
> –34 > –40
O r i g i n a l B i n d e r F l a s h p o i n t t e m p , T 48, m i n i m u m °C
230
V i s c o s i t y , T 316:b
m a x i m u m 3 P a ·s , t e s t t e m p , °C
135
D y n a m i c s h e a r , T 315:c G */s i n δd , m i n i m u m 1.00 k P a t e s t t e m p @ 10 r a d /s , °C
46 52 58
64
R o l l i n g T h i n -F i l m O v e n R e s i d u e (T 240) M a s s c h a n g e ,e
m a x i m u m , p e r c e n t 1.00
D y n a m i c s h e a r , T 315: G */s i n δd , m i n i m u m 2.20 k P a t e s t t e m p @ 10 r a d /s , °C
46 52 58 64
P r e s s u r e A g i n g V e s s e l R e s i d u e (R 28) P A V a g i n g t e m p e r a t u r e , °C f
90 90
100 100
D y n a m i c s h e a r , T 315: G * s i n δd , m a x i m u m 5000 k P a t e s t t e m p @ 10 r a d /s , °C
10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16
C r i t i c a l l o w c r a c k i n g t e m p , P P 42:g C r i t i c a l c r a c k i n g t e m p d e t e r m i n e d b y P P 42, t e s t t e m p , °C –24 –30 –36 0 –6 –12 –18 –24 –30 –36 –6 –12 –18 –24 –30 0 –6 –12 –18 –24 –30 a P a v e m e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s a r e e s t i m a t e d f r o m a i r t e m p e r a t u r e s u s i n g a n a l g o r i t h m c o n t a i n e d i n t h e L T P P B i n d p r o g r a m , m a y b e p r o v i d e d b y t h e s p e c i f y i n g a g e n c y , o r b y f o l l o w i n g t h e p r o c e d u r e s a s o u t l i n e d i n M 323 a n d R 35. b T h i s r e q u i r e m e n t m a y b e w a i v e d a t t h e d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e s p e c i f y i n g a g e n c y i f t h e s u p p l i e r w a r r a n t s t h a t t h e a s p h a l t b i n d e r c a n b e a d e q u a t e l y p u m p e d a n d m i x e d a t t e m p e r a t u r e s t h a t m e e t a l l a p p l i c a b l e s a f e t y s t a n d a r d s . c F o r q u a l i t y c o n t r o l o f u n m o d i f i e d a s p h a l t b i n d e r p r o d u c t i o n , m e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e v i s c o s i t y o f t h e o r i g i n a l a s p h a l t b i n d e r m a y b e u s e d t o s u p p l e m e n t d y n a m i c s h e a r m e a s u r e m e n t s o f G */s i n δ a t t e s t t e m p e r a t u r e s w h e r e t h e a s p h a l t i s a N e w t o n i a n f l u i d . d G */s i n δ = h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s t i f f n e s s a n d G * s i n δ = i n t e r m e d i a t e t e m p e r a t u r e s t i f f n e s s . e T h e m a s s c h a n g e s h a l l b e l e s s t h a n 1.00 p e r c e n t f o r e i t h e r a p o s i t i v
e (m a s s g a i n ) o r a n e g a t i v e (m a s s l o s s ) c h a n g e . f T h e P A V a g i n g t e m p e r a t u r e i s b a s e d o n s i m u l a t e d c l i m a t i c c o n d i t i o n s a n d i s o n e o f t h r e e t e m p e r a t u r e s , 90°C , 100°C , o r 110°C . N o r m a l l y t h e P A V a g i n g t e m p e r a t u r e i s 100°C f o r P G 58-x x a n d a b o v e . H o w e v e r , i n d e s e r t c l i m a t e s , t h e P A V a g i n g t e m p e r a t u r e f o r P G 70-x x a n d a b o v e m a y b e s p e c i f i e d a s 110°C . g F o r v e r i f i c a t i o n o f g r a d e , a t a m i n i m u m p e r f o r m T 313 a t t h e t e s t t e m p e r a t u r e a n d a t t h e t e s t t e m p e r a t u r e m i n u s 6°C a n d T 314 a t t h e t e s t t e m p e r a t u r e . T e s t i n g a t a d d i t i o n a l t e m p e r a t u r e s f o r T 313 m a y b e n e c e s s a r y i f 300 M P a i s n o t b r a c k e t e d a t t h e i n i t i a l t w o t e s t t e m p e r a t u r e s . C o m p a r e t h e f a i l u r e s t r e s s f r o m T 314 t o t h e c a l c u l a t e d i n d u c e d t h e r m a l s t r e s s a s p e r P P 42. I f t h e f a i l u r e s t r e s s e x c e e d s t h e i n d u c e d t h e r m a l s t r e s s , t h e a s p h a l t b i n d e r i s d e e m e d a “P A S S ” a t t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e .
TS-2b M 320-5 AASHTO
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