名词的复数变化及作用
可数名词变复数:
1)单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.
2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glass, boxes, brushes, matches.
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.
4)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.
5)以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes;其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos; zero加s,es均可。
6)不规则名词:
*foot→feet, goo→gee, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→me n, woman→women, mou→mice;
*单复数同形:sheep, deer, fish, Chine, Japane,li,jin,mu,yuan;
*人民币除元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式;
*集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle;
*the English,the British,the French,the Chine,the Japane,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如: The Chine are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
*表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glass (眼镜) trours, clothes若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glass; two pairs of trours.
*另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。
7)某些外来词变复数:datum→data, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria, curriculum→curricula, criterion→criteria, phenomenon→phenomena. (um/on→a)analysis→analys, basis→bas, crisis→cris, diagnosis→diagnos.(is→es )
8)复合名词变复数:以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:homework.
以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数,前后两个名词都变复数,如:manrvant→menrvants, woman student women students.
其它复合名词变复数:grownup→grownups, brotherinlaw→brothersinlaw, standby→standsby.