初三英语上册知识点
初三英语上册知识点集锦
初三上册知识点：中的复数名词
"We are a licend Real Estate Agency and one of the fastest growing housing agency in Singapore."
上面这句房地产广告中的话，望文生义，清楚易解，只可惜犯了语法上的一个大忌，就是把复数名词变成单数：agencies→agency.
单数也可以，只是后半部的句子要作调整：“……and the fastest growing housing agency in Singapore.”
调整后的句子避免了语法错误，但是句子的意思有些改变，就是从“其中一个代理商”变成“唯一的代理商。”最好还是从根本的语法错误着手，就是把“one of……”后头的 agency 改为 agencies.这种错误改正，在学生英文作文里，是司空见惯的事，不足为奇的。例如：
① South Korea is one of the Asian country that ud to have student mobs.(应改为countries)
② One of the most obvious disadvantage is that the relationship between the parents and the children is not intimate.(应改为disadvantages)
从这样的改正中可以看到在“one of……”这样的句式中，跟着出现的名词必须是可数复数名词(plural countable nouns)如： countries, friends, shops, goats 等，而不是可数单数名词如： country, friend, shop, goat 或不可数名词(uncountable nouns ), 如：love, oil, knowledge, information 等。因此，除了上面 ①和②句子是错的之外，③和④也不对：
③ One of the equipments was damaged.
④ I have special liking for one of the new furnitures.
③和④的错误来自不可数名词 equipments 和 furnitures，因为这类名词是不可有复数的。
其次，必须注意的是“one of……”这样的句式当主语时，后面的动词如果是简单现在时态(si
mple prent ten)的话，一定要跟 one 搭配;one 既然是单数，动词当然也是单数，如：
⑤ One of the fastest growing housing agencies in Singapore is none other than New Century Real Estate Agency.
⑥ One of the effective ways of enriching English vocabulary is to u the vocabulary learnt.
⑦ One of the reasons for bad reading and writing ems to be that people today pay more attention to listening and eing than reading and writing.
这样的一致性也适用于接系动词(linking verb)的简单过去时态(simple past ten) “was”，如：
⑧ One of the proposals at the meeting yesterday was rejected.
⑨ One of the questions Tom raid at the news conference was irrelevant to the matters under discussion.
初三英语上册知识点：名词数目错误处处
导读：谈到不可数名词是没有复数形式的，但是常常有人不小心，在某些不可数名词上加“-s”而犯错，其中“ experience, equipment, evidence, information”这几个的错误最多。
下面一家装修商广告中的“experiences”(经验)便是一例：
“……our many years of reputable experiences.”
须知，当“经验”解时，“experience”是不可数名词，不可以有“-s”：“……our many years of reputable experience(许多年声誉卓著的装修经验)”。当“各种各样不同经历”解时，“ experience”是可数名词，可以有复数“-s”的符号，如：
“Tom could not forget his thrilling experiences in his first trip to Guilin.”
学生作业中，类似的错误也不少，如：
① A lot of factors led to students' poor performances. (应为 performance)
② Only people of irreproachable characters can aspire to be good leaders.(应为 character)
③ More and more institutions resort to advanced equipments to assist in the education process.(应为 equipment)
④ Without such knowledges, one would not be able to understand what was en or heard. (应为 knowledge)
⑤ There is still much room for further improvements.(应为 improvement)
上述这些不可数名词的错误，是不是很熟悉呢?
刚刚谈的.错误是不可有“-s”而用“-s”。另一种错误是应该有 “-s”而不用“-s”。虽然后者不像前者这样麻烦，但是也不难看到。下面三个不同的广告中便出现了应该有“-s”但漏了“-s”的名词：
⑥“We are looking for suitable candidate to take up the following positions.”(应为 candidates)。
⑦“Dear customer: Have you been misled by too many brochure?”(应为 brochures)。
⑧“We speciali in rubber tile for factory, office, warehou, etc.”(应为 rubber tiles, factories, offices, warehous)
⑥-⑧里的错误显而易见，只要稍微小心，便不难发现而改正过来。但是，有关不可数名词加“-s”的错误，则较难躲闪，必须加倍警惕才好。其中一个防患办法是借重量词，反映不可数名词之“量” ，但不改变其形，即不要用“-s”，如：
⑨ There isn't much petroleum in the car.
⑩ John gave some evidence to indicate that the documents had been tampered with.
1. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
2. A lot of money has been donated to various charity organisations.
3. Some people today paid little attention to their extravagant acts.
初三英语上册知识点：疑问词+不定式动词”结构
导读：英语有个很有用的结构，就是：疑问词+不定式动词(question word + to-infinitive)。
疑问词是疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, who”和疑问副词“when, where, how, why ”。此外，连接词“whether”也适用。
“疑问词+不定式动词”结构有何功用呢?其主要功用有下列五种：
⑴当主语，如：
● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
● Where to live is a problem.
● How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic.
⑵当宾语，如：
● We must know what to say at a meeting.
● He could not tell whom to trust.
● Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶当补足语，如：
● The problem is where to find the financial aid.
● The question is who to elect.
⑷当名词同位语，如：
● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
● Do you have a rough impression how to do it?
⑸当宾语补足语，如：
● Jim is not sure who to choo.
● Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.
