热点08 阅读理解之宇宙探索（解析版）
（建议用时：30分钟）
中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文难度基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。
近几年，太空探索、载人航天一直是比较热的话题，2022年11月29日晚11时08分神舟十五发射成功，六位航天员在中国空间站大会师，我们共同见证了这一历史性时刻，祝贺中国航天人。预测在今年各区一模、二模、期末、仿真中时会高频出现，学生要做到会分析此类文章，学会如何解答相应考题的思路。
四种题型：
1. 细节理解题
☆考察方面：学生对相关信息的识别能力，答案一般可在原文定位到
☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断
☆干扰选项：一般与文中观点相反，不符，未涉及，特征是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容
解题技巧：
通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：
1. 五个W （who ，which ，when ，where ，what ）和一个H （how ）；
2. 数字、日期、时间等；
3. 注意加强语气的词，运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是最佳答案。
2.词句猜测题
此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义，常用的方法是多种表达法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。
解题技巧：
1. 正确理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境
来判断理解，推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。
2. 根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：
（1）注意定义和解释；
（2）同义词或近义词的提示；
（3）近义词和反义词的提示；
（4）利用悬念的属种关系；
（5）借助已有知识或生活常识。
3. 推理判断题(不要自行推理+过度推理)
☆考察方面：透过文章的信息进入深刻的分析，归纳和推断得解
☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断
解题技巧：
1. 分析文章的主旨。
2. 分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。
3. 寻找文章的逻辑思路。
4. 核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。
4. 主旨大意题(Best title)
☆考察方面：学生对文章主旨的驾驭能力，答案一般需要合理的归纳和总结得到
☆答题事项：通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视域要宽，紧抓对主题句搜索，按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声，指读，复视或停顿。
中国航天、空间站、火星探索、月球探索、宇宙奥秘等。
一、
China has four satellite launch bas（卫星发射基地）. They are Jiuquan in Gansu, Xichang in Sichuan, Taiyuan in Shanxi and Wenchang in Hainan.
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center which was founded（建立）in 1958 is one of the four famous satellite launch bas in China. The center has created eight proud firsts for China’s space industry.
On April 21, 1970, China’s first man-made earth satellite was raid there. The Long March 2F rocket carrying the Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft blasted off（发射）from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in June, 2021.
Xichang Satellite Launch Center, also known as Xichang Satellite City, was founded in 1970. After 37 years of development, the center has thousands of ts of excellent equipment（设备）. It is known as the “Oriental Houston（东方休斯顿）”.
Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center was founded in 1967. The center has launched China’s first weather satellite “Fengyun-1”, making nine firsts in the history of China’s satellite launches.
Wenchang Space Launch Center（founded in 2009）is now the fourth satellite launch center of China. Becau it is only 19 degrees away from the equator（赤道）, more rocket loads（负载）are possible, making it the center of China’s space development in the future.
1．How many satellite launch bas are there in China according to the passage?
A．There are three.B．There are four.C．There are five.D．There are six. 2．What does the underlined words “manned spacecraft” mean in Chine?
A．载人飞船B．宇宙空间站C．航空航天器D．人造地球卫星3．Which center is known as the “Oriental Houston”?
A．Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.B．Xichang Satellite Launch Center. C．Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center.D．Wenchang Space Launch Center. 4．Choo the order of the foundation（成立）time of the four centers according to the following:
①Jiuquan①Xichang①Taiyuan①Wenchang
A．①①①①B．①①①①C．①①①①D．①①①①5．Which of the following is NOT right?
A．The center of Taiyuan has made nine firsts since 1967.
B．The Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft blasted off in June, 2021.
C．The center of Jiuquan has created eight proud firsts since 1968.
D．The center of Wenchang will be the center of China’s space development.
【答案】1．B2．A3．B4．D5．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的四个卫星发射基地。
1．细节理解题。根据“China has four satellite launch bas”可知，中国有四个卫星发射基地，故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据“The Long March 2F rocket carrying the Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft blasted off（发射）from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in June, 2021”及常识可知，长征2F 火箭搭载神舟十二号载人飞船在酒泉卫星发射中心升空，所以manned spacecraft表示“载人飞船”，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“Xichang Satellite Launch Center, also known as Xichang Satellite City…It is known as the ‘Oriental Houston（东方休斯顿）’.”可知，西昌卫星发射中心被称为“东方休斯顿”，故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据“Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center which was founded（建立）in 1958”，“Xichang Satellite Launch Center, also known as Xichang Satellite City, was founded in 1970”，“Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center was founded in 1967”，“Wenchang Space Launch Center （founded in 2009）”可知，建立时间的排序为：酒泉①—太原①—西昌①—文昌①，故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据“Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center which was founded（建立）in 1958 is one of the four famous satellite launch bas in China. The center has created eight proud firsts for China’s space industry”可知，酒泉卫星发射中心从1958年开始为中国航天工业创造了八个令人自豪的第一，而不是1968年，C表述错误，故选C。
二、
“Hello, everyone! Welcome to Tiangong Class.” With this greeting, a special lecture began on Tiangong space station about 400 kilometers above Earth on Dec 9.
Lasting for about an hour, the space lecture was broadcast live to millions of students, showing how they live and work on the space station and performing some interesting experiments that can only be done in space.
This is the cond live space lecture in China. In 2013, with the help of two other workmates, Wang gave the country’s first live space lecture to over 60 million schoolchildren across China.
Compared with the class eight years ago, this year’s space lecture is greatly different.
More space to teach
According to Pang Zhihao, a Beijing-bad space expert, the “classroom” is bigger. Instead of Tiangong I experimental module (实验舱), this year Wang gave the space lecture in the Tianhe space core module (核心舱), which is the biggest spacecraft developed by China.
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The quality of space to ground interaction and communication is also much improved.
The space lecture eight years ago sometimes faced the challenges of the video freezing and an unclear picture, but this year’s lecture is different. Technology has developed a lot. For example, with the help of China’s Tianlian relay satellites (天链中继卫星), the transmission speed has been highly incread and the whole live broadcast has run smoothly.
Bigger curriculum (授课内容)
Along with the technological progress, this year’s space lecture discusd more. Eight years ago, Wang showed students the laws of physics and focud on the interesting phenomenon of weightlessness in space. But this year, biology was added. The astronauts compared the growth and shape of cells in artificial gravity (人工重力) and zero gravity.
Though the space lectures showed various topics, the aim behind the lectures has never changed. According to China Daily, the space lectures aim to “spread knowledge about manned spaceflights and spark enthusiasm for science among young people”.
“The spirit of science in the youth is an important driver of the progress of mankind,” Zhou Jianping, chief designer of China’s manned space program, added. “Space activities can help them build the spirit of pursuing (追求，探讨) science and facing challenges.”
6．What didn’t the space lecture show us this time on Dec 9?
A．How they live on the space station.
B．How they work on the space station.
