乔布斯：在斯坦福⼤学毕业典礼上的演讲（中英对照版）
Thank you. I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college and this is the clost I've ever gotten to a college graduation.
谢谢⼤家。很荣幸能和你们，来⾃世界最好⼤学之⼀的毕业⽣们，⼀块⼉参加毕业典礼。⽼实说，我⼤学没有毕业，今天恐怕是我⼀⽣中离⼤学毕业最近的⼀次了。
Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
今天我想告诉⼤家来⾃我⽣活的三个故事。没什么⼤不了的，只是三个故事⽽已。
The first story is about connecting the dots.
第⼀个故事，如何串连⽣命中的点滴。
I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt ver
y strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all t for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife, except that when I popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, "We've got an unexpected baby boy. Do you want him?" They said, "Of cour." My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refud to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promid that I would go to college.
我在⾥得⼤学读了六个⽉就退学了，但是在18个⽉之后——我真正退学之前，我还常去学校。为何我要选择退学呢？这还得从我出⽣之前说起。我的⽣母是⼀个年轻、未婚的⼤学毕业⽣，她决定让别⼈收养我。她有⼀个很强烈的信仰，认为我应该被⼀个⼤学毕业⽣家庭收养。于是，⼀对律师夫妇说好了要领养我，然⽽最后⼀秒钟，他们改变了主意，决定要个⼥孩⼉。然后我排在收养⼈名单中的养⽗母在⼀个深夜接到电话，“很意外，我们多了⼀个男婴，你们要吗？”“当然要！”但是我的⽣母后来⼜发现我的养母没有⼤学毕业，养⽗连⾼中都没有毕业。她拒绝在领养书上签字。⼏个⽉后，我的养⽗母保证会让我上⼤学，她妥协了。
This was the start in my life. And 17 years later, I did go to college, but I naively cho a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent
on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't e the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life, and no idea of how college was going to help me figure it out, and here I was, spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required class that didn't interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.
这是我⽣命的开端。⼗七年后，我上⼤学了，但是我很⽆知地选了⼀所差不多和斯坦福⼀样贵的学校，⼏乎花掉我那蓝
这是我⽣命的开端。⼗七年后，我上⼤学了，但是我很⽆知地选了⼀所差不多和斯坦福⼀样贵的学校，⼏乎花掉我那蓝领阶层养⽗母⼀⽣的积蓄。六个⽉后，我觉得不值得。我看不出⾃⼰以后要做什么，也不晓得⼤学会怎样帮我指点迷津，⽽我却在花销⽗母⼀⽣的积蓄。所以我决定退学，并且相信没有做错。⼀开始⾮常吓⼈，但回忆起来，这却是我⼀⽣中作的最好的决定之⼀。从我退学的那⼀刻起，我可以停⽌⼀切不感兴趣的必修课，开始旁听那些有意思得多的课。
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. I returned Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the ven miles across tow
n every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example.
事情并不那么美好。我没有宿舍可住，睡在朋友房间的地上。为了吃饭，我收集五分⼀个的旧可乐瓶，每个星期天晚上步⾏七英⾥到哈尔-克⾥什纳庙⾥改善⼀下⼀周的伙⾷。我喜欢这种⽣活⽅式。能够遵循⾃⼰的好奇和直觉前⾏后来被证明是多么的珍贵。让我来给你们举个例⼦吧。
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-calligraphed. Becau I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal class, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about rif and sans-rif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
当时的⾥德⼤学提供可能是全国最好的书法指导。校园中每⼀张海报，抽屉上的每⼀张标签，都是漂亮的⼿写体。由于我已退学，不⽤修那些必修课，我决定选⼀门书法课上上。在这门课上，我学会了“rif”和"sans-rif"两种字体、学会了怎样在不同的字母组合中改变字间距、学会了怎样写出好的
字来。这是⼀种科学⽆法捕捉的微妙，楚楚动⼈、充满历史底蕴和艺术性，我觉得⾃⼰被完全吸引了。
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me, and we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single cour in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts, and since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them.
当时我并不指望书法在以后的⽣活中能有什么实⽤价值。但是，⼗年之后，我们在设计第⼀台 Macintosh计算机时，它⼀下⼦浮现在我眼前。于是，我们把这些东西全都设计进了计算机中。这是第⼀台有这么漂亮的⽂字版式的计算机。要不是我当初在⼤学⾥偶然选了这么⼀门课，Macintosh计算机绝不会有那么多种印刷字体或间距安排合理的字号。要不是Windows照搬了 Macintosh，个⼈电脑可能不会有这些字体和字号。
If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class and personals computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.
要不是退了学，我决不会碰巧选了这门书法课，个⼈电脑也可能不会有现在这些漂亮的版式了。
Of cour it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college, but it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later. Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward. You can only connect them looking backwards, so you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something--your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever--becau believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.
当然，我在⼤学⾥不可能从这⼀点上看到它与将来的关系。⼗年之后再回头看，两者之间关系就⾮常、⾮常清楚了。你们同样不可能从现在这个点上看到将来；只有回头看时，才会发现它们之间的关系。所以你必须相信，那些点点滴滴，会在你未来的⽣命⾥，以某种⽅式串联起来。你必须相信⼀些东西——你的勇⽓、宿命、⽣活、因缘，随便什么——因为相信这些点滴能够⼀路连接会给你带来循从本觉的⾃信，它使你远离平凡，变得与众不同。
My cond story is about love and loss. I was lucky. I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20. We worked hard and in ten years, Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees. We'd just relead our finest creation, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and I'd just turned 30, and then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone w
ho I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so,
Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so, things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge, and eventually we had a falling out.
When we did, our board of directors sided with him, and so at 30, I was out, and very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down, that I had dropped the baton as it was being pasd to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure and I even thought about running away from the Valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me. I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I'd been rejected but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
第⼆个故事是关于爱与失的。我很幸运，很早就发现⾃⼰喜欢做的事情。我⼆⼗岁的时候就和沃茨在⽗母的车库⾥开创了苹果公司。我们⼯作得很努⼒，⼗年后，苹果公司成长为拥有四千名员⼯，价值⼆⼗亿的⼤公司。我们刚刚推出了最好的创意，Macintosh操作系统，在这之前的⼀年，也就是我刚
过三⼗岁，我被解雇了。你怎么可能被⼀个亲⼿创⽴的公司解雇？事情是这样的，在公司成长期间，我雇佣了⼀个我们认为⾮常聪明，可以和我⼀起经营公司的⼈。⼀年后，我们对公司未来的看法产⽣分歧，董事会站在了他的⼀边。
于是，在我三⼗岁的时候，我出局了，很公开地出局了。我整个成年⽣活的焦点没了，这很要命。⼀开始的⼏个⽉我真的不知道该⼲什么。我觉得我让公司的前⼀代创建者们失望了，我把传给我的权杖给弄丢了。我与戴维德·帕珂德和鲍勃·诺埃斯见⾯，试图为这彻头彻尾的失败道歉。我败得如此之惨以⾄于我想要逃离硅⾕。但有个东西在慢慢地叫醒我：我还爱着我从事的⾏业。这次失败⼀点⼉都没有改变这⼀点。我被逐了，但我仍爱着我的事业。我决定重新开始。
I didn't e it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods in my life. During the next five years I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world's first computer-animated feature film, "Toy Story," and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.
当时我没有看出来，但事实证明“被苹果开除”是发⽣在我⾝上最好的事。成功的重担被重新起步的轻松替代，对任何事情都不再特别看重，这让我感觉如此⾃由，进⼊⼀⽣中最有创造⼒的阶段。接下来的五年，我创⽴了⼀个叫NeXT的公司，接着⼜建⽴了Pixar，然后与后来成为我妻⼦的⼥⼈相爱。Pixar出品了世界第⼀个电脑动画电影：“玩具总动员”，现在它已经是世界最成功的动画制作⼯作室了。
In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT and I returned to Apple and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance, and Lorene and I have a wonderful family together.
在⼀系列的成功运转后，苹果收购了NeXT，我⼜回到了苹果。我们在NeXT开发的技术在苹果的复兴中起了核⼼作⽤，另外劳琳和我组建了⼀个幸福的家庭。
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful-tasting medicine but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick. Don't lo faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love, and that is as true for work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is
great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking, and don't ttle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it, and like any great relationship it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking. Don't ttle.
我⾮常确信，如果我没有被苹果炒掉，这些就都不会发⽣。这个药的味道太糟了，但是我想病⼈需要它。有些时候，⽣活会给你迎头⼀棒。不要丧失信⼼。我确信唯⼀让我⼀路⾛下来的是我对⾃⼰所做事情的热爱。你必须去找你热爱的东西，对⼯作如此，对你的爱⼈也是这样的。⼯作会占据你⽣命中很⼤的⼀部分，你只有相信⾃⼰做的是伟⼤的⼯作，你才能怡然⾃得。如果你还没有找到，那么就继续找，不要停。全⼼全意地找，当你找到时，你会知道的。就像任何真诚的关系，随着时间的流逝，只会越来越紧密。所以继续找，不要停。
My third story is about death. When I was 17 I read a quote that went something like "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked mylf, "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "no" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something. Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important thing I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life, becau almost everything--all external expectations, all pride, all fear o
f embarrassment
make the big choices in life, becau almost everything--all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure--the things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lo. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
我的第三个故事关于死亡。我17岁的时候读到过⼀句话“如果你把每⼀天都当作最后⼀天过，有⼀天你会发现你是正确的”。这句话给我留下了深刻的印象。从那以后，过去的33年，每天早上我都会对着镜⼦问⾃⼰：“如果今天是我的最后⼀天，我会不会做我想做的事情呢？”如果连着⼀段时间，答案都是否定的的话，我就知道我需要改变⼀些东西了。提醒⾃⼰就要死了是我遇见的最⼤的帮助，帮我作了⽣命中的⼤决定。因为⼏乎任何事——所有的荣耀、骄傲、对难堪和失败的恐惧——在死亡⾯前都会消隐，留下真正重要的东西。提醒⾃⼰就要死亡是我知道的最好的⽅法，⽤来避开担⼼失去某些东西的陷阱。你已经⾚裸裸了，没有理由不听从于⾃⼰的⼼愿。
About a year ago, I was diagnod with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than
three to six months. My doctor advid me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctors' code for "prepare to die." It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next ten years to tell them, in just a few months. It means to make sure that everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
⼤约⼀年前，我被诊断出患了癌症。我早上七点半作了扫描，清楚地显⽰在我的胰腺有⼀个肿瘤。我当时都不知道胰腺是什么东西。医⽣们告诉我这⼏乎是⽆法治愈的，我还有三到六个⽉的时间。我的医⽣建议我回家，整理⼀切。在医⽣的辞典中，这就是“准备死亡”的意思。就是意味着把要对你⼩孩说⼗年的话在⼏个⽉内说完；意味着把所有东西搞定，尽量让你的家庭活得轻松⼀点；意味着你要说“永别”了。
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was dated but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope, the doctor started crying, becau it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and, thankfully, I am fine now.
我整⽇都想着那诊断书的事情。后来有天晚上我做了⼀个活切⽚检查，他们将⼀个内窥镜伸进我的喉
咙，穿过胃，到达肠道，⽤⼀根针在我的胰腺肿瘤上取了⼏个细胞。我当时是被⿇醉的，但是我的妻⼦告诉我，那些医⽣在显微镜下看到细胞的时候开始尖叫，因为发现这竟然是⼀种⾮常罕见的可⽤⼿术治愈的胰腺癌症。我做了⼿术，现在，我痊愈了。
This was the clost I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the clost I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a uful but purely intellectual concept. No one wants to die, even people who want to go to Heaven don't want to die to get there, and yet, death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, becau death is very likely the single best invention of life. It's life's change agent; it clears out the old to make way for the new. right now, the new is you. But someday, not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true. Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone el's life. Don't be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noi of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice, and most important, have the courage to follow heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything el is condary.
这是我最接近死亡的时候，我也希望是我未来⼏⼗年⾥最接近死亡的⼀次。这次死⾥逃⽣让我⽐以往
只知道死亡是⼀个有⽤⽽纯粹书⾯概念的时候更确信地告诉你们，没有⼈愿意死，即使那些想上天堂的⼈们也不愿意通过死亡来达到他们的⽬的。但是死亡是每个⼈共同的终点，没有⼈能够逃脱。也应该如此，因为死亡很可能是⽣命最好的发明。它去陈让新。现在，你们就是“新”。但是有⼀天，不⽤太久，你们有会慢慢变⽼然后死去。抱歉，这很戏剧性，但却是真的。你们的时间是有限的，不要浪费在重复别⼈的⽣活上。不要被教条束缚，那意味着会和别⼈思考的结果⼀块⼉⽣活。不要被其他⼈的喧嚣观点掩盖⾃⼰内⼼真正的声⾳。你的直觉和内⼼知道你想要变成什么样⼦。所有其他东西都是次要的。
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalogue, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stuart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. it was sort of like Google in paperback form 35 years before Google came along. It was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Stuart and his team put out veral issues of the The Whole Earth Catalogue, and then when it had run its cour, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourlf hitch-hiking on if you w
ere so adventurous. Beneath were the words, "Stay hungry, stay foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. "Stay hungry, stay foolish." And I have always wished
stay foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. "Stay hungry, stay foolish." And I have always wished that for mylf, and now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay hungry, stay foolish.
我年轻的时候，有⼀份叫做《完整地球⽬录》的好杂志，是我们这⼀代⼈的圣经之⼀。它是⼀个叫斯纠华特·布兰的、住在离这不远的曼罗公园的家伙创⽴的。他⽤诗⼀般的触觉将这份杂志带到世界。那是六⼗年代后期，个⼈电脑出现之前，所以这份杂志全是⽤打字机、剪⼑和偏光镜制作的。有点像软⽪包装的google，不过却早了三⼗五年。它理想主义，全⽂充斥着灵巧的⼯具和伟⼤的想法。斯纠华特和他的⼩组出版了⼏期“完整地球⽬录”，在完成使命之前，他们出版了最后⼀期。那是七⼗年代中期，我和你们差不多⼤。最后⼀期的封底是⼀张清晨乡村⼩路的照⽚，如果你有冒险精神，可以⾃⼰找到这条路。下⾯有⼀句话，“保持饥饿，保持愚蠢”。这是他们的告别语，“保持饥饿，保持愚蠢”。我常以此勉励⾃⼰。现在，在你们即将踏上新旅程的时候，我也希望你们能这样。保持饥饿，保持愚蠢。
Thank you all, very much.
⾮常感谢。
史蒂夫·乔布斯（Steve Jobs，1955年2⽉24⽇—2011年10⽉5⽇），出⽣于美国加利福尼亚州旧⾦⼭，美国发明家、企业家、美国苹果公司联合创办⼈。
1976年4⽉1⽇，乔布斯签署了⼀份合同，决定成⽴⼀家电脑公司。1977年4⽉，乔布斯在美国第⼀次计算机展览会展⽰了苹果Ⅱ号样机。1997年苹果推出iMac，创新的外壳颜⾊透明设计使得产品⼤卖，并让苹果度过财政危机。2011年8⽉24⽇，史蒂夫·乔布斯向苹果董事会提交辞职申请。
乔布斯被认为是计算机业界与娱乐业界的标志性⼈物，他经历了苹果公司⼏⼗年的起落与兴衰，先后领导和推出了麦⾦塔计算机（Macintosh）、iMac、iPod、iPhone、iPad等风靡全球的电⼦产品，深刻地改变了现代通讯、娱乐、⽣活⽅式。乔布斯同时也是前Pixar动画公司的董事长及⾏政总裁。
2011年10⽉5⽇，史蒂夫·乔布斯因患胰腺癌病逝，享年56岁。
