Lectures 1-4: Introduction
1. Aims & Tasks
2. Tran古代神话故事有哪些
slation & its Importance
3. Learning English Vs. Doing Translation
4. Prerequisites for Translator
5. Nature & Short-Cuts
6. Translation Process
7. Translating Criteria
8. Aspects of Translation
9. Translation – A Loss
10. Loss but Gain Elwhere
11. Homework
Teaching Aims & Tasks
•1/《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》(2000:10)对英专三年级翻译要求是:
•(1)初步了解翻译基础理论和英、汉两种语言的异同;
•(2)掌握常用的翻译技巧;
•(3)能将中等难度的英语篇章或段落译成汉语;
•(4)译文忠实原文、语言通顺。
•2/ 英译汉:
•(1)教学大纲要求:
•a)能运用翻译基础理论,进一步通过英汉语言对比,掌握英译汉理论和技巧;
•b)能翻译相当于英美报刊上有一定难度的文章,题目包括:
•---日常生活记叙;
•---一般政治、经济、文化方面的论述;
•---科普材料;---文学原著。
•c)翻译速度为每小时250-300个英文词。
•(2)八级考试大纲要求:
•a)能运用英译汉理论和技巧,翻译英美国家报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面论述文章以及文学原著的节录;b)译速每小时250-300个英文词。
•3/ 英译汉教学总体原则:
•把握好理解关,能写出基本正确的译文来,即使稍有不―顺‖,也可暂时―不顾‖。
Translation & its Importance
•(1) What is Translation?
•V arious Definitions (Analysing from different angles:语言/意义/文化/内容与形式/信息/宏观,参阅pp.7-11)
•Definition given by Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber: Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the clost natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of m实践的含义
eaning and condly in terms of style.(The Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969)
•翻译是指从语义到文体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。(尤金奈达)•(2) Importance of Translation
•International Communications
•Spread of English
•Three Stages for a Chine to Learn English:
•a) Beginner’s stage---to learn English with the help of Chine;
•b) Advanced stage---to learn English through English;
•c) Bilingual stage---to become a bilingual ur.
•---END
Learning English Vs. Doing T ranslation
•(1) To have a command of English is one thing, to do translation is quite another.
•---It’s a small, old-fashioned but important port.(应惠兰《新编大学英语》第四册)
•a/ 它是一个小的老式的但很重要的港口。*
•b/ 它是一个老式的小港口,但很重要。
•---I’m informed that there will be a meeting this afternoon.(ibid)
•a/ 我被告知说下午有个会议。*
•b/ 我听说下午要开会。
•---God help him if he gets in my way.(SHKJFY2007-01:44)
•a/ 要是敢挡我的道,愿上帝保佑他。*
•b/ 要是敢挡我的道,有他好看的。(字面译法没法体现英语中所具有的特殊语用义)
•(2) Mistakes in Translation could be found anywhere:
•---If my mother had known of it, she’d have died a cond time.
•a/ 如果我母亲知道这件事,她一定会死庄则栋简介
第二次的。*
•b/ 如果我母亲知道这件事,她一定会气得从棺材里跳出来。*
•c/ 如果我母亲知道这件事,她一定会死不瞑目。
•---He was nothing but skin and bone.
•a/ 他骨感十足。*
•b/ 他瘦得只剩皮包骨了。(skin and bone贬义,情感色彩相反)
•---Prodigal habits die hard.
•a/ 挥霍无度,下场可悲。*
•b/ 花钱大手大脚是个难改的习惯。(die hard:旧习惯旧信仰等难改掉,也形容人非常顽固) •---A man I once knew returned from war duty on unexpected leave to find his wife living with another man. Stunned and furious, he threw the man out bodily, then walked away himlf. Months pasd while he delayed action on pending divorce, and when I asked him why, he said, ―I know it doesn’t make n. I’m through---there’s no doubt. Only I would have sworn I knew her d own to her fingertips. That I obviously didn’t make me ---well, half-attracted again. She’s like a stranger.‖
•我曾认识的一个在战时服役的男子意外请假回家,发现自己的妻子和另一个男人同居。他惊呆了,随即怒不可遏地将那男子赶了出去,接着他自己也走了。几个月过去了,在等待离婚中他却迟迟没有采取行动,我问他为什么,他说:―我明白这事说不清楚。我已经想通了(*我和她已经完了)---这是没有疑问的。只是我曾满以为对她了如指掌,显然,我并不了解她,这倒让我又有几分被她吸引住了。她就像个陌生人。‖
•---A few schools have introduced single-x groups for maths and science, and have found significant improvements in girls’ results.(《新编大学英语》第四册)
•原译:一些学校开始引进单性别小组上数学和自然科学课,并且发现女生的结果有了显著的提高。*
•改译:有些学校推行了数学课和自然科学课男女分班上课的办法,并且发现女生的成绩有显著的提高。
(single-x groups :让同性别学生同班上课。即男女分班上课)
•---朱家尖休闲旅馆Zhujiajian Lie Fallow Hotel [v.休闲,潜伏(休耕的)]
•---碧水清清,但亦无情。
•原译:Blue water, but there is no goodwill.
•改译:Water is nice and clear, but dangerous.
•---下面几个小时请大家自由活动。
The Prerequisites for a T ranslator
•(1) To have a good command of both English and Chine
•---The wi never marry. And when they marry they become otherwi.
•原译:聪明人都是未婚的,结婚的人很难再聪明起来。(原文妙在wi和otherwi的似是而非的用词上,译文―仿‖而无功。)
•改译:智者不婚,婚则不智// 智者不婚,婚则昏也。
•---His many admirers describe him as clever, his enemies as too clever by half. (SHFY 07-01:45) •原译:他的崇拜者奉他为智者,说他的对手是聪明过了头。
•改译:众多崇拜者称他为聪明之人,其对手则认为他是聪明过了头。(作者利用clever和too clever by half[贬义,形容人的聪明表现方式让人讨厌]的不同含义,生动巧妙地表示一正一反、情感色彩完全不同的两层意思,形成对比)
•---He is no more fit for the job than I (am).
•他与我一样不适合这个工作。(他不如我适合这个工作。*)
•---Y ou’re telling me.
•我早知道了。/ 还用你告诉我!(slang)(你正在告诉我。*)
•(2) To develop an ability to u Chine
•---I wasn’t born yesterday.
•我又不是三岁小孩。
•---There should be a better way to start a day than waking up every morning.
•原译:应该有更好的方式开始新的一天,而不是千篇一律的在每个上午都醒来。(原文十分有趣,想必出自―懒虫‖之手。译文太过累赘,可作适当压缩。)
•改译:日始哪会都可以,不必清早醒来时!
•---A dress is like a barbed fence. It protects the premis without restricting the view.
•原译:服饰就像铁丝网,它阻你贸然行动,但却不能尽情地观看。(dress译文过于笼统,应指―女服、连衣裙‖等;barbed fence只译对一小半,可改为―带刺的篱笆‖;premis[用作单数时意为―前提‖]这个―天生‖的复数形式在此指―房屋[及其附属建筑、基地等]‖。)
•改译:连衣裙恰如剌篱笆,护着房屋,但不碍观瞻。
•---Some fishing boats were becalmed just in front of us. Their shadows slept, or almost slept, upon that water, a gentle quivering alone showing that it was not complete sleep, or if sleep, that it was sleep with dreams.(William Hale White: A Londoner’s Holiday)
•译A:一些渔船就停泊在我们眼前。它们的影子在水面上睡着了,或者说是几乎睡着了。一个单独的轻微的颤动显示它没有完全睡着,或着说,如果睡着了,那么,它是一边在睡,一边在做梦。*
•译B:渔船三五,横泊眼前;樯影倒映水面,仿佛睡去;偶尔微颤,似又未尝深眠,恍若惊梦。(怀特:《假日纪游》)
•(3) To learn by heart ways of expression
•---It’s a good hor that never stum大自然风景美图
bles.
•---I didn’t teach becau teaching is ea sy for me.
•我教书不是因为教书对于我很容易。(因为教书对于我很容易,所以我不教书* )
•---All that glitters is not gold.
•所有发光之物都不是黄金。*
•并非所有发光之物都是黄金。
•---to lock onelf in the room from inside
•---a student driver//---a Dating Agency
•---a riot police //---a fire man
•---Have you had a pleasant journey?
•(4) To have a wide range of knowledge
•---John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game.
•约翰为人可靠,既诚实又正直。(历史知识:伊丽莎白女王时期天主教徒反对政府,按天主教仪式,教徒在星期五只吃鱼;新教为了忠于政府,拒履这仪式,eat no fish转为―忠诚‖之意;play the game原义为―规规矩矩地比赛‖,后转义为―办事公道;行为光明正大‖。)
•---Excu me, but isn’t the man who derted Labour, joined the Social Democratic Party and is now supporting the Tories?(SHFY07-01:43)
•原译:请问一下,是不是就是这个人退出了工党,加入了社会民主党,而现在却支持托利党?•改译:对不起我说一句,不就是这个人退出了工党,加入了社会民主党,而现交行信用卡
在又支持保守党吗?(Excu me, but..句型暗示准备发表不同意见或表达相反观点。the Tories为Tory复数,指历史上反对James II继承王位的托利党,现指保守党。)
•---The Security Council has been ized of the question since then.(国际法方面知识)
•原译:自那时以来,这个问题就一直困扰着安全委员会。
•改译:安理会自那时以来就一直受理这个问题。
•(5) To know how to translate
•Two basic principles:
•A) The translation must convey the original message correctly;
•B) The translation must be well and easily understood by the reader of the translation.
•(6) To have a strong political awareness
•---The enemy killed one泉州住宿攻略
of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent.
•译文:敌人杀害了我们一位,我们宰了一个敌特。
•---The United States insisted on occupying Taiwan.(卢思源,03/9/19)
•原译:美国坚持占领台湾。
•改译:美国肆意霸占台湾。
Translation: Nature & Short-cuts
•(1) Nature
•A) Translation means translating meaning (of words, phras and ntences…)
•---John is a fool for danger.
•约翰天不怕,地不怕。
•---But we are getting ahead of the story.
•可是我们已经说到故事的后面去了。
•B) In order to translate meaning, the form must be changed
•---Bull kept头发怎么蓬松
the tail in water last summer .
•原译:公牛去年夏天把尾巴浸入水中。
•改译:布尔去年夏天真走运。(俗语)
•---It slipped my mind.
•我忘了。
•---Cosmetic Surgery Catching on with Men(文章标题)
•男性涌动―红妆‖潮。(catch on:流行,变得流行)
•To sum up, translation is simply explanatory.
•(2) Short-cuts to improve your ability:
•A) Substitution(to read the writings by native speakers of English)
•---Wet Paint! // ---Admittance Free!
•---to drink the money
•B) to read writings in comparison of both English and Chine
•--End
Process of T ranslation
•(1) Understanding Source Language (Source Text)
•英国著名语言学家J.R. Firth(1890-1960)说过:Each word when ud in a new context is a new word. (即是说:一个词的词义随其所在上下文而变化,或同一个词用在不同的地方会有不同的意思。)因为英语大部分单词都有一词多义现象(polymy)。先看汉语中的一词多义现象:•---他说:―她这个人挺有意思。‖她说:―他这人挺有意思。‖于是有人传言:他和她有了意思,要赶快意思意思。他发火了,说:―你们这样瞎说是什么意思。‖传言者有点不好意思,便解释说:仅仅奇怪的网名
是开开玩笑而矣,绝对没有别的意思。―事后,有人说:‖真有意思。―也有人说:‖真没意思。‖(彭小化06-08-24)(短短一百多字里竟出现了11个各有其意思的―意思‖,对搞翻译的人来说,读起来确确实实有点意思吧?)
•这就涉及―确定词义‖:根据上下文,找出单词或词语的确切的contextual meaning。
•---Last evening I went to a do held by our China Study Group.
•昨晚我去参加了我们中国研究会的集会(do: n.social function集会,娱乐宴聚活动)
•---He had not got any damages.
•他没有受到任何损害。*(他没有得到任何赔偿金。)
•---World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout his life, he avoided publicity.(Alfred Nobel—A Man of Contrasts)
•原译:他的成就馳名世界,而他个人却始终黙默无闻,因为他整个一生总是避免抛头露面。(zgfy:1998-1:30)(下译shfy2004-4:34)
•改译:他因善举闻名于世,但认识他的人却并不多,因为他整个一生总是避免抛头露面。•(2) Expressing in the Target Language
•---This is the virtue of the adage ―an apple a day keeps the doctor away.‖
•原译:这是一句有效的谚语,―日食一苹果,不用找大夫‖。
•改译:有句名谚说得好:―每天一苹果,不用找大夫。‖(《科学翻译学》
•再改译:还是古语说得好:―一天一苹果,医生不烦(远离)我。
•---What we were offered was a big fat zero.
•我们得到的是一个大零蛋。
•---She has beauty still, and if it be not in its heyday, it is not yet in its autumn.(C Dickens:Bleak Hou)
•她依然很美,如果不是芳华正茂,也还不到迟暮之年。
•---He is very handsome and really a lady killer.
•---To Clo:(关门:)
• 1. Enter your 4 digit code.(请按―4‖位数字密码。)
• 2. Hold the door clod and pre ss ―LOCK‖(然后将门关上及按―锁‖字。)