Rearch Methods
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Approach
WANG Yan UIBE ❝Definition:
◦
An in-depth study of a social phenomenon or an aspect of educational life.
❝Goal:
◦to find out an answer to the underlying nature of something What is qualitative rearch ❝Rearch design ❝Fieldwork ❝Collecting data ❝Data analysis ❝Data interpretation Procedures of a qualitative rearch
❝Naturalistic ◦Actual situations as the direct source of data ◦会计专业毕业论文范本
The rearcher is the key instrument and goes to the particular tting under study ◦Concerned with the context and process
❝Descriptive ◦Everything could be a clue to我的一天英语
a more comprehensive understanding of what is under study
❝Inductive ◦Start with no hypothesis (no presuppositions about the subject)◦Putting the pieces together to find out the whole ◦Let the understanding evolve through the process ◦Bottom up
❝Concerned with Meaning ◦Interested in the 逍遥丸的副作用
life as well as the understanding of people ◦How do people negotiate meaning?
Features of qualitative study
❝Generalizability:
◦Qualitative rearch findings are generalizable to some extent ◦Effecting changes is more important than generalizability ❝Subjectivity:
◦As a rearcher, you should reduce your opinions, prejudices, and other bias as much像我们一家人
as possible.
◦Get rid of the assumptions before you start
◦Try to minimize and overcome your prejudice which may have effect on the data.
❝Process is more important than prediction and verification
◦Making adjustments if necessary
❝Truthful to the findings
Important Important issues about issues about
qualitative rearch ❝Relationship between the rearcher and the rearched ◦Full respect for the participants ◦Cooperation ◦Going along with the rearch and the rearched ❝Prence of the rearcher:
◦The rearcher should try to make the subjects forget the existence of the camera, recorder, etc.❝Different rearchers:
◦They may not come up with exactly the same results, but they surely share some similarities.
More about qualitative rearch
❝Definition:
◦an inquiry into a social or human problem bad on testing a theory compod of variables, measured with numbers, and analyzed with statistical procedures, in order to determine whether the predictive generalizations o快乐的学习
f the theory hold true
❝It is a formal, objective, systematic process in which 西亚的地理位置
numerical data are utilized to obtain information about the world
What is a quantitative rearch 8
Features of Quantitative Study ❝Quantitative rearch is about quantifying the relationships between variables.
❝The rearcher knows in advance what he or she is looking for.
❝Goal: Prediction, control, confirmation, test hypothes.
❝All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data are collected.
❝The rearcher tends to remain objectively parated from the subject matter.
❝Deductive --to test theory/hypothesis 1.Terms/phras associated with the approach 2.Key concepts associated with the approach 3.Theoretical affiliation 4.Academic affiliation 5.Goals 6.Design 7.Data 8.Sample 9.Technique作文我的父亲
s or methods 10.Relationship with subjects 11.Instruments and tools
12.Data analysis
13.Written rearch proposals
Comparison between qualitative and quantitative rearch
❝Qualitative ◦Naturalistic
◦Fieldworkppt转视频
◦Soft data ◦Inner perspective ◦Ethnographic ◦Participant obrvation ◦Life history ◦Ca study ◦Narrative
◦Inductive
◦Descriptive
◦Interpretive
1. Terms/phras associated with the approach
❝Quantitative ◦Experimental ◦Hard data ◦Outer perspective ◦Positivist ◦Social facts ◦Statistical ◦
Scientific method 2. Key concepts associated with the approach
❝Qualitative ◦Meaning ◦Definition of situation ◦Everyday life ◦Negotiated order ◦Understanding ◦Process ◦For all practical purpos ◦Social construction
❝Quantitative ◦Viability ◦Reliability ◦Hypothesis ◦Validity
◦Statistically significant ◦Replication ◦Prediction 3. Theoretical affiliation ❝Qualitative ◦Symbolic interaction ◦Ethnomethodolgy ◦Phenomenology ◦Culture ◦Idealism ❝Quantitative
◦Structural functionalism ◦Realism, positivism ◦Behavi社会整合
orism
◦Logical empiricism ◦Systems theory
4. Academic affiliation ❝
Qualitative ◦Sociology ◦History ◦Anthropology ❝Quantitative ◦Sociology ◦Psychology ◦Economics
◦Political science 5. Goals
❝Qualitative ◦Develop nsitizing concepts ◦Describe multiple realities ◦Develop understanding ❝Quantitative ◦Theory testing
◦Establishing facts
◦Show relationship between variables ◦Prediction 6. Design ❝Qualitative ◦Evolving ◦Flexible ◦General hunch as to how you might proceed ❝Quantitative ◦Structured ◦Predetermined ◦Formal, specific ◦Detailed plan of operation
