2021年托福阅读PASSAGE 68
试题及答案
PASSAGE 68
In the North American colonies, red ware, a simple pottery fired at low temperatures, and stone ware, a strong, impervious grey pottery fired at h李渊
igh temperatures, were produced from two different native clays. The kinds of pottery were produced to supplement imported European pottery. When the American Revolution (1775-1783) interrupted the flow of the superior European ware, there was incentive for American potters to replace the imports with comparable domestic goods. Stoneware, which had been simple, utilitarian kitchenware, grew increasingly ornate throughout the nineteenth century, and in addition to the earlier scratched and drawn designs, three-dimensional molded relief decoration became popular. Reprentational motifs largely replaced the earlier abstract decorations. Birds and flowers were particularly evident, but other subjects — lions, flags, and clipper ships — are found. Some figurines, mainly of dogs and lions, were made in this medium. S
ometimes a name, usually that of the potter, was die-stamped onto a piece.
As more and more large kilns were built to create the high-fired stoneware, experiments revealed that the same clay ud to produce low-fired red ware could produce a stronger, paler pottery if fired at a hotter temperature. The result was yellow ware, ud largely for rviceable items; but a further development was Rockingham ware — one of the most important American ceramics of the nineteenth century. (The name of the ware was probably derived from its remblance to English brown-glazed earthenware made in South Yorkshire.) It was created by adding a brown glaze to the fired clay,usually giving the finished prod健康食品有哪些
uct a mottled appearance. Various methods of spattering or sponging the glaze onto the ware account for the extremely wide variations in color and add to the interest of collecting Rockingham. An advanced form of Rockingham was flint enamel, created by dusting metallic powders onto the Rockingham glaze to produce brilliant varicolored streaks.
Articles for nearly every houhold activity and ornament could be bought in Rockingham
ware: dishes and bowls, of cour; also bedpans, foot warmers, cuspidors, lamp bas, doorknobs, molds, picture frames, e猪肝汤怎么做
ven curtain tiebacks. All the items are highly collectible today and are eagerly sought.
A few Rockingham specialties command particular affection among collectors and correspondingly high prices.
1. Why did the potters discusd in the passage change the kind of pottery they made?
A) They discovered a new kind of clay.
B) They were compensation for the loss of an overas supplier.
C) They studied new techniques in Europe.
D) The pottery they had been producing was not very strong.
2. The word "ornate" in line 7 is clost in meaning to
A) elaborate
B) puzzling
C) durable
D) c猫怎么读
ommon
3. The passage suggests that the earliest stoneware
