中美英人之间的交际习惯
一、空间距离
当人们进行交际的时候，交际双方在空间所处位置的距离具有重要的意义，它不仅告诉我们交际双方的关系、心里状态，而且也反映出民族和文化特点。多数讲英语的人在交谈时不喜欢离的太近，总要保持一定的距离。有趣的是英国人与意大利人交谈时，意大利人不停的“进攻”，英国人不断的“撤退”。实际上他们交谈时都只不过是要占据对自己适当的，习惯的实际距离。西方文化注重个个隐私，东方人“私”的概念薄弱。在电梯，巴士或火车上，素不相识人的拥挤在一起，东方人可以容忍身体与身体接触的那种挤，西方人无法容忍，西方人看中宽松的氛围，崇尚个人自由和个人权利，而东方人的传统文化根深蒂固。
二、目光注视
在人际交往过程中，与交往对象保持目光接触是十分必要的。
如果从美国文化角度来看，这种目光是不适用于两个男人之间的，这种长时间凝视常常是同性恋的亚文化群使用的非语言代码的一部分。有教养的英国男子认为直接凝视且与之交往的
人的眼睛是一种绅士风度，中国人则对紧盯着自己看的目光感到不自在，甚至惶惑不安，原因是“羞耻感"文化的影响，“非礼勿视”。
三、身体接触
正像语言和姿势可以传递人们的情感信息一样，身体与他人的接触在交际中也无时无刻不在传递信息。人类学家把文化大致分为两大类：接触文化(touch culture)与非接触文化(nontouch culture)，阿拉伯人，南欧和西欧人、犹太人及拉丁语系的人属于第一类，美国人、北欧人及东方人属于第二类。
(一)握手
在美国，男人之间的握手是很用力的，这可能源于印第安人的角力竞赛。中国人一边讲“你好”一边握手，对此没有什么忌讳
(二)拥抱与亲吻
相对于东方较为含蓄内敛的文化，欧洲人在表达情感这方面明显更为热情和奔放。接吻在欧美地区是重要的礼仪。
| 中 | 英 | 美 |
打招呼 | “上哪去？” “吃了没？” | “Good morning/afternoon/evening ! ”“How do you do ! ”“Nice to meet you ! ”“How are you doing ” | “Good morning/afternoon/evening ! ”“How do you do ! ”“Nice to meet you ! ”“How are you doing ” |
称呼 | 不可直呼其名，称爷爷奶奶，称呼家人、邻居时称 “大哥”“二姐”“叔叔”“阿姨” | 可以向爷爷奶奶直呼其名。年轻人称老年人，可在其姓前加Mr/Mrs/Miss 称呼家人，邻居一般直呼其名 | 可以向爷爷奶奶直呼其名。年轻人称老年人，可在其姓前加Mr/Mrs/Miss 称呼家人，邻居一般直呼其名 |
寒暄 | 可以询问年龄，地址，工作单位，收入，婚姻，家庭情况，信仰等话题 在打电话时，我们习惯说“Hello who are you plea ? ” | 天气的状况或预测 接到电话先报自己的号码或单位 | 天气的状况或预测 接到电话先报自己的号码或单位 |
赞扬与祝贺 | 说一些谦虚的话，认为谦虚是种美德 | 人们认为谦虚是虚伪的代名词，应该大胆说出自己的想法 | 人们认为谦虚是虚伪的代名词，应该大胆说出自己的想法 |
道别 | 把客人送到门口甚至送上车，客人对主人说“请留步吧！”主人往往会说“走好啊”“慢走啊”“下次再来啊”等等 | 微微一笑并作个再见的手势或说“Bye bye”“See you later” | 微微一笑并作个再见的手势或说“Bye bye”“See you later” |
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10 Major Cultural Differences Between China and the United States
It is always interesting to study other cultures and it is extremely important to do just that if you are going to have interactions with them. You don’t want to insult someone or embarrass yourlf and your own culture.
The differences do not make either culture better or wor than the other one. It just shows their differences which has been created through centuries of history and development. China can trace their traditions and customs for thousands of years. America is still a small babe of a nation that has had very few traditions of its own but has become such a melting pot of cultures that there is almost no specific American culture that can be said is applied across the board. This makes both cultures unique and worthy of study and respect.
1. Social Structure – In China the social structure is formal and hierarchical. You kno
w where you fit in the structure and you abide by the rules there. There is no crossing into other areas. In America, it is much more loo and informal. It is not uncommon to e tho of various social levels socializing and knowing each other. There are very few lines that socially are not allowed to be crosd.阿魏菇
This can cau problems in business relationships if the visiting culture is unaware of it.
2. Confrontation/Conflict – If you are planning on conducting business in China or expecting an ex出名的英文
tended stay, it might be uful to know that the direct way that most Americans approach issues is not the way to go in China. Direct conflict or confrontation over issues is highly frowned upon. Doesn’t matter that the “truth” needs to be spoken, respect and honor to each person superdes that. To prove a point and show yourlf in the right even over business issues is considered shameful and should be avoided.
3. Self – The Chine looks more at the group collective than at individualism. America has become known for its push of individualism which has been a source of conflict with other cultures that look collectively. A person from China is more prone to lo
ok at how their acts affect the whole instead of how it affects them personally. They are more willing to give up and sacrifice for the greater good. America’s individualism has been its backbone and the reason for its success as a world power, but when visiting China it needs to be reined in.
4. Face/Reputation – Reputation of the individual is very important in China. If an action will humiliate someone or ruin a reputation, it is avoided. When shame occurs, the person sacrifices their job or whatever it is that will heal the shame. In America, reputations come and go overnight and in the end usually does not matter. The end result is more of the focus. A person is more likely to overlook a reputation to get the job done.
5. Business Relations – When doing business in China, be prepared for much socializing. Business becomes condary as the parties get to know each better. If it delays a contract, that is perfectly acceptable as long as the correct social time is allotted for. In America, business associates are usually more aloof. There might be some social
gathering but the business is more important and the socializing will be sacrificed to get the job done if needed. Though there ems to be shift in America regarding this. The recognition of networking is becoming more pronounced.
6. Morals – Chine society places high values on the morals of their people. Marriage is not encouraged until the late twenties. In fact, dating is discouraged early in a young adult’s life and proprieties are expected to be held up. The American culture is much more relaxed and some could even argue that there needs to be more moral emphasize.
