位敦市安定阳光实验学校高三英语第一轮复习：名词性从句（三）冀教
【本讲信息】
一. 教学内容：
名词性从句（三）
宾语从句
难点：
1. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语, 则用it作形式宾语, 而将宾语从句后置。如：
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不会屈服。
2. 作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语, 只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导, 则需用it作形式宾语。如：
He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。
介词宾语不可以用which来引导, 而要用what来引导。如：
Are you sorry for what you’ve done?
你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？
3. 某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句, 这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, plead, happy, afraid, surprid, satisfied, 连词that可省略。如：
I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确我该做什么。
I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
I’m surprid that I didn’t e all that before骆驼祥子好句好段
. 我好奇怪, 我以前没看到过。
Mother was very plead her daughter had pasd the exams.
妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。
4. 连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用, 但whether常和or not连用, if一般不与or not连用。如：
I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义, 避免使用if而用whether。试比较：
Plea let me know if you want to go.
Plea let me know whether you want to go.
if从句可理解为宾语从句, 意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句, 意为“如果你想去的话, 请告诉我一声”。
5. 宾语从句的否转移。在think, believe, suppo, expect动词后的宾语从句, 有时谓语尽管是否意思, 却不用否形式, 而将think动词变为否形式。如：
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don’t suppo he cares, does he? 我想他不在意, 是吗？
6. 宾语从句的时态变化规律：
(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时, 从句可根据需要用任何时态。
(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时, 从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态，但客观真理除外。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳运行。
同位语从句
基本概念：
1. 义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2. 用法：
① 同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, 关联词多用从属连词that。如：
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
对你生病这件事, 他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
你在哪儿听说我不能来？
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。
② 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从
句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该干这项工作, 这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet ttled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假, 这个问题我们还没有决。
It is a question 朱自清
how he did it.
那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
难点：
1. that引导的同位语从句与语从句之区别：
We expresd the hope (that) they had expresd.
我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种。(语从句)
We expresd the hope that they would come to visit China again.
我们表示他们再来中国访问。(同位语从句)
① 从语法角度上看, 引导同位语从句的that是连词, 只起连接作用, 在从不作任何句子成分；而引导语从句的that是关系代词, 除起连接作用外, 还在从作主语或宾语句子成分。
② 从语义角度上看, 同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系, 表示hope的内容是they would come to visit China again。因而同位语从句是名词性的, 其功能是对名词作补充说明；而语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系, 表示“……的”(他们曾经表示过的), 起修饰作用, 因此语从句是形容词性的, 其功能是修饰先行词。一般来说, 我们可以将同位语从句改写成“主语 + be + 表语”结构。
The hope was that they would come to visit China again.
③ 同位语从句的连词that不能省略, 而语从句的关系代词that, 当其在从作宾语时，可省略，作主语时不可省略。
I’ve heard the news that he visited our factory.
I’ve heard the news that he told you the other day.
The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.
The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.
The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considerin请辞
g.
The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句, that不可省。)
李先生将是我们的英语老师这个消息是真的。
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (语从句, that在从作told的宾语, 可省。)
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
2. 引导语从句的when, where, why是关系副词, 在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因或方式意义的名词作先行词。
I will never forget the day when I joined the League.
我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。
The factory where I once worked has changed a lot.
我曾经工作过的那家工厂发生了巨大的变化。
That’s the reason why she didn’t come to the meeting.
这就是她为什么没有到会的原因。
当when, why, where引导同位语从句时, 它们为连接副词。虽然它们在从充当句子成分, 但前面却没有与其意义相当的先行词。
I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The problem where we got the machine needed has already been solved.
我们到哪里去弄所需机器的问题已经解决了。
He has solved the question why he was ill. 他已经解决了他为什么生病这个问题。
3. 一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：
This is our only request that this (should) be ttled as soon as possible.
这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
【模拟试题】
