Apr.052020
A brief history of dude
Dude may be the most Mandarin Chine word in American English.In Mandarin,depending on how I intone the single syllable ma,I could be saying “mother”(m),or I could be saying something as radically distinct as“hor”(m).
Dude has a comparable quality.Just think of the last time you did something awesome in the prence of a friend who affirmed your awesomeness with the exclamation Duuude!Or the last time you said something objectionable to someone who began tting you straight with a firm and sober Dude.The difference in connotation is pretty major.
So what does the word itlf mean?Dictionaries struggle with this question. Here,for instance,is Merriam-Webster:1.a man extremely fastidious in dress and manner2.a city dweller unfamiliar with life on the range3.fellow,guy—sometimes ud informally as a term of address
But according to Scott F.Kiesling,the author of a minal2004study—titled, yes,“Dude”—the term has long implied a particular understanding of fellowship among guys.Its dominant linguistic function,Kieslin
g argues,has been to enable men,mainly young men,to address one another in a laid-back camaraderie.
And women now u the word,too—both with men and with other women. Perhaps unsurprisingly,usage patterns vary by gender:Kiesling’s work indicates, for instance,that women show a relative tendency to deploy the term when trying to mitigate conflict with friends or acquaintances.(“Dude,you know I’d never do
that.”)But even this usage is a variation on a theme.It always implies the same thing:reinforcing a specific kind of social relationship without intimacy.
2020年4月05日
看美剧必备：人人都爱说的dude是什么意思？
讲解人雪梨
流利说阅读内容负责人
哈佛大学语言教育硕士
雪梨读诗栏目创始人
今日导读
英语中的词汇会反映社会文化的变迁，简单的一个单词可能在各个时代的意义用法都不尽相同。今天的课程围绕的是一个特别受美国年轻人欢迎的词——dude。在美国校园里，到处可能碰到说着dude的学生。在美剧《老友记》里，三个男主角也常常互称dude。
如今，甚至很多女生也用起了曾专属于男性的称呼dude。这个词到底有什么深层含义？
它又反映了什么样的社会变化？一起跟着雪梨老师来读今天的文章。
带着问题听讲解
英语中的dude和普通话有什属猪哪年出生
么类似的特质？
韦氏词典里提到了dude的哪三种含义？
According to Kiesling,what is the dominant linguistic function of dude?
正文
A brief history of dude
“伙计”简史
Dude may be the most Mandarin Chine word in American English.In Mandarin,depending on how I intone the single syllable ma,I could be saying “mother”(m),or I could be saying something as radically distinct as“hor”(m).
在美式英语里，dude似乎是最具有普通话特宋定国
征公司招聘怎么写
的词。普通话里，取决于单音节词ma的念法，我可能说的是妈（m），也可能是和它完全不一样的词——马（m）。
Dude has a comparable quality.Jus小学生怎样瘦腿
t think of the last time you did something awesome in the prence of a friend who affirmed your awesomeness with the exclamation Duuude!Or the last time you said something objectionable to someone who began tting you straight with a firm and sober Dude.The difference in connotation is pretty major.
Dude一词也有类似的特质。回想一下，上一次你做了很棒的事，在场的朋友也觉得你棒呆了，并惊叹道Duuude！（太赞了！）或者，上一次你对某人出言不逊，于是对方开始指出你的问题，说了一个坚定又冷静的Dude（听着）。这两种情况下，dude所隐含的意味有很大区别。
So what does the word itlf mean?Dictionaries 征地程序
struggle with this question.Here, for instance,is Merriam-Webster:
1.a man extremely fastidious in dress and manner
2.a city dweller unfamiliar with life on the range
3.fellow,guy—sometimes ud informally as a term of address
那么，dude本身是什么含义呢？字典在解释的时候也挺费劲。这里我们选取了韦氏词典的释义为例：
1.过分讲究穿戴仪表的男人
2.不熟悉牧场生活的城里人
3.哥们，伙计——有时用作一种非正式的称呼
But according to Scott F.Kiesling,the author of a minal2004study—titled, yes,“Dude”—the term has long implied a particular understanding of fellowship among guys.Its dominant linguistic function,Kiesling argues,has been to enable men,
mainly young men,to address one another in a laid-back camaraderie.
斯科特F基斯林是2004年一项开创性研究的作者，没错，他研究成果的题目就叫“Dude”。据基斯林说，长久以来，这一表达都暗示着男性对彼此之间伙伴关系的一种特殊理解。他认为，Dude在语言学上最主要的作用，是在一段轻松惬意的情谊中，男人——主要是年轻男人——称呼彼此的方式。
And women now u the word,too—both with men and with other women. Perhaps unsurprisingly,usage patterns vary by gender:Kiesling’s work indicates,for instance,that women show a relative tendency to deploy the term when trying to mitigate conflict with friends or acquaintances.(“Dude,you know I’d never do that.”) But even this usage is a variation on a t技术负责人职责
heme.It always implies the same thing: reinforcing a speci运动减肥计划方案
fic kind of social relationship without intimacy.
如今，女性也会用这个词，且使用对象不限男女。也许并不意外的是，dude的使用方式表现出了性别上的差异。举例来说，基斯林的研究表明，相比于男性，女性更倾向于在调解与朋友或熟人间冲突的时候用这个词（“朋友，你知道我永远都不会那样做的。”）。但这种用法就算有点细微差异，反映的主旨都是一样的。Dude永远暗示同一件事——加强某一类社会关系，但并不那么亲密。
内容拓展
Merriam-Webster（韦氏词典）
韦氏词典是冠有韦氏字样的一批英语词典的统称。1828年，现代版韦氏词典首次出版，出版者是被称为美国学术和教育之父的Noah Webster。
如今，韦氏词典的编委每年都要在各领域搜罗，选出一些新词和短语收入词典。官方给出的原因是“英语从不停滞，所以词典也不会歇脚。”（The English language never sleeps,and neither does the dictionary.
重点词汇
Mandarin/mn.d.n/
n.中国的国语，普通话
同义短语：Mandarin Chine
radically/rd..kl.i/
adv.彻底完全地
相关词汇：radical（adj.根本的）
搭配短语：radical differences
搭配短语：radical changes
affirm/fm/
v.证实，确认，断言
英文释义：to state sth.firmly
例句：He affirmed his love for the girl.
exclamation/ek.sklme.n/
n.（因吃惊、喜悦等而发出的）呼喊，惊叫搭配短语：exclamation point
bl/ adj.令人反感的，使人不快的相关词汇：object（n.物体）
词性拓展：object（v.反对）
派生词：objection（n.反对）
词根词缀：-able（可以…的）
近义词：unpleasant
搭配短语：an unpleasant smell
近义短语：a bad smell
搭配短语：an objectionable smell
t sb.straight
指出某人的错误，使某人了解真相
相关词汇：straight（adj.清楚明了的）相关短语：t the facts straight
例句：Speak with him and t him straight.
sober/so.b/
adj.严肃的，冷静的；未醉的
反义词：drunk（adj.喝醉的）
/
n.内涵意义，隐含意义，联想意义
