2016年英语专业四级考试真题答案与解析PART I DICTATION
Think Positive and Feel Positive
Are you confident or incure in a difficult situation?/Do you react positively or negatively?/The answer may depend in part on whom you’re around./A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cas./For example,the rearchers st如何练好字
udied103college roommates./They measured eac肉兔品种
h roommate’s tendency towards negative thinking./It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious./ Stud学生感悟
ents with a negative thinking roommate became more depresd themlves,/and students with more positive thinking roommates/were more likely to become more positive as well.
积极思考，乐观生活
困境中你会觉得信心百倍还是迷茫无助？你会积极应战还是逆来顺受？这可能部分取决于你周围的人是什么样的。有研究发现消极思维在很多情况下会传染。此次研究的对象是103位大学室友。研究者们估量了每个室友的消极思维倾向的程度。研究发现思维方式可以传染。思维消极的人，其室友也可能颓废不振。思维积极的人，其室友更可能同样变得积极向上。
PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A Talk
1.success
2.challenge/challenging ttings/situations
3.National Spelling Contest
4.passion and perverance/persistence
5.future(a)reality
6.marathon
8.(measures of)talent
9.changing/not fixed/changeable/changed with efforts
10.(a)temporary/(an)impermanent(condition)
听力原文
What Is Grit?
Good afternoon,everyone.Today,I would like to talk about my rearch project concerning the key to success.I would like to start my topic with my own story.
When I was27years old,I left for a demanding job:teaching venth graders math in the New York City public schools.And like any teacher,I made quizzes and tests.I gave out homework assignments.When the work came bac提子
k,I冬至夜
calculated grades.What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students.Some of my strongest performers did not have super IQ scores.Some of my smartest kids weren’t doing so well.Then I felt very interested in knowing the reason why the students’math performance is not that cloly related to their I关于寒假的日记
Q scores.I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of challenging ttings,and in every study my question was,who is successful here and why?My rearch team and I went to West Point Military Academy.We tried to predict which students would stay in military training and which would drop out.We went to the National Spelling Contest and tried to predict which children would advance furthest in competition.We worked with private companies,asking,which of the
salespeople is going to keep their jobs?And who’s going to earn the most money?We went to many places, and finally one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.And it wasn’t social intelligence. It wasn’t good looks,physical health,and it wasn’t IQ.It was grit.
What is grit?Well,grit is passion and perverance for very long-term goals.Grit is sticking with your future,day in,day out,not just for the week,not just for the month,but for years,and working really hard to make future a reality.Grit is living your life like it’s a marathon,not a sprint.
A few years ago,I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires,and then waited around more than a year to e who would graduate.It turned out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate,even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,things like family income,test scores and so on.
To me,the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know,how little science knows,about building it.Every day,parents and teachers ask me,“How do I build grit in kids?How do I keep them motivated for the long run?”Our data shows very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitment.In fact,in our data,grit is usually unrelated to meas
ures of talent. So far,the best idea I’ve heard about building grit in kids is something called“growth mindt.”Growth mindt is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed,that it can change with your effort.Kids with grit are much more likely to pervere when they fail,becau they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition. So growth mindt is a great idea for building grit.But we need more.And that’s where I’m going to end my talk,becau that’s where we are.That’s the work that stands before us.We have to be willing to fail,to be wrong,to start over again with lessons learned.
As a conclusion,we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.Next time,I would like to share with you my experience in building up students’grit.
听力翻译
什么是决心？
大家下午好。今天我想谈一谈我的研究项目，主题是成功的关键。首先，我想讲讲我自己的故事。
27岁的时候，我去做了一份非常有挑战性的工作：去纽约的公立学校教七年级数学。像其他老师一样，我设计了课堂测验和考试，也会布置家庭作业，作业交上来，我也会给出分数。我吃惊地发现，智商并不是好学生和差学生的唯一区别。有些表现很好的学生智商并没有高出常人。有些非常聪明的
孩子表现不是特别好。因此我非常想弄明白，为什么学生在数学上的变现并没有跟智商值密切相关呢？我开始研究在各种极具挑战性的情境下，儿童和成年人的表现。在研究中，我会提出这样的问题：这里谁是成功的人？为什么？我和我的实验团队去了西点军校。我们预测了哪些学生会完成军训，哪些会掉队。我们去了全国拼字比赛，预测哪些孩子会最终夺冠。我们到过一些企业，问他们哪些销售人员会被留任，谁赚的最多。我们去了很多地方，最后发现一个能预测成功的重要特点。不是社会智能。不是姣好的长相，不是健康的身体，也不是智商。是决心。
决心是什么？嗯，决心是为达成长期目标而努力的热情与恒心。决心是不放弃对未来的憧憬，日复一日，不是一周，不是一个月，而是年年如此，踏实努力把对未来的憧憬变成现实。决心是把生活过成马拉松，而不是短跑。
几年前，我开始在芝加哥的公立学校研究决心。我做了关于决心的调查问卷调查了几千名高三学生，又等了一年多看看谁会毕业。最后发现，比较有决心的孩子们毕业的可能性更大，即使比对我能测定的各种特点，如家庭收入，考试成绩等，也是如此。
最让我吃惊的是，我们对决心知之甚少，科学也对如何增强信心记载甚少。父母们和老师们每天都会问我，“怎样让孩子们更有决心呢？我怎么做才能让他们保持长久的动力呢？”我们的数据清楚地显示，有许多有天赋的人，根本没办法坚持做好该做的事。数据还显示，决心通常和天赋的程度没什么关系。迄今为止，我所听过的增强孩子们决心的最佳方法叫作“成长心态”。成长心态认为，学
习能力并不固定，通过努力可以改变。有决心的孩子遇到失败却要坚持下去的可能性更大，因为他们不相信自己会永远失败。所以成长心态是增强决心的好办法。不过这还不够。讲完这一点我的讲话就要结束了，因为我们正面对的就是这件事。那就是在我们面前的工作。我们必须愿意失败，愿意犯错，愿意得到失败的教训后再重新开始。
最后，我们也要坚定决心，一定会把孩子们培养得更有决心的。下次我想跟大家分享我增强学生决心的经历。
SECTION B CONVERSATIONS
CONVERSATION ONE
1.Why does the woman call the man?
答案：C.To tell the man the procedure of the interview.
2.What kind of questions can the man ask in the interview?
答案：A.Questions related to the job.
3.Which is the last part of the interview?
答案：C.Prentation from the interview.
4.What might be expected from the man’s prentation?
答案：D.Company future and his contribution.
5.When is the interview scheduled?
答案：,next Thursday.
听力原文
W:Hello,This is Kate Smith,I’m calling from ABC Company.
M:Oh,hello,Kate.Great to hear from you.
W:You’ve already been told that you’ve been shortlisted
M:
W:Well,we’re very excited about meeting you.OK,I just want to talk you through the procedure for the
day.Someone will meet you when you arrive,and then bring you up to meet mylf and Arthur Miller,the CEO.
M:OK,sounds good.So will you be the only members of the interview panel there then?
W:Yes,it’ll be just me and Arthur who will talk to you.The interview will be in three parts,first of all we’ll ask you some general questions about yourlf and your educational and professional background,and then we’ll move on to specifics.
M:Oh,um,specifics?Well er,what kind of questions will you be asking?
W:Well,it’ll be very similar to the personal statement you submitted with your CV we’ll be expecting give actual examples of problems you’ve faced and solved, and of what you feel are the major success in your career so far.
M:OK.Well,yeah,that sounds great—can’t wait!
W:Then there’ll be a chance for you to ask us any questions—about the job itlf,or ABC Company
M:Oh,I’ll think of something!
W:After that,we’d like you to give a short prentation on how you e ABC Company as a company progressing,and how you e yourlf taking us there.
M:OK,so will I be expected to give like a formal style prentation?
W:It can be as formal or informal as you like.There’ll be英语地址
a computor and a data projector there available.If you need anything el,just let us know.
M:OK,a prentation!I’ll think of something.I haven’t done one of tho W:Is that all clear?
M:Yes.
W:Great!So,Daniel,I’ll e ,Thursday next week.
M:OK,great.I look forward to meeting you!Thanks,bye.
W:Bye.
Questions1to5are bad on Conversation One.
Question1.Why does the woman call the man?
Question2.What kind of questions can the man ask in the interview?
Question3.Which is the last part of the interview?
Question4.What might be expected from the man’s prentation?
Question5.When is the interview scheduled?
听力翻译
女：你好，这里是ABC公司，我是凯特史密斯。
男：你好，凯特。很高兴接到你的来电。
女：我们已经通知过您，您进入了最后一轮面试。
男：嗯，是的……
女：我们期待您的到来。
女：我打电话是想通知您面试当天的程序。
女：首先，到了之后会有人接待您，
女：上来之后您会见到我和CEO阿瑟米勒。
男：听起来不错。
男：所以面试官只有你们两个吗？
女：是的，只有我和阿瑟与您谈话。
女：面试分为三部分，
女：首先我们会问一些常规问题，涉及到您的个人情况、
女：教育背景和职业背景，
女：然后是细节部分。
男：哦，呃，细节？你们会问哪种问题？
女：类似于你简历里附的个人陈述，
女：我们希望你能给出具体事例，说明你遇到并解决的困难，
女：还有你职业生涯中取得的重大成功。
男：好！听起来好棒！我等不及了！
女：然后你还可以问我们一些问题，比如关于工作本身，或者ABC公司的总体情况。
男：嗯，好，我要想想。
女：最后，我们希望你做一个简短的展示，主题是你如何看待ABC公司这个发展中的公司，女：以及您应聘我们公司的优势。
男：好的，我要做正式的展示吗？
女：正式和非正式的都可以。
女：我们会提供电脑和投影机。
女：如果你还有其他需要，请告知我们。
男：啊，好，展示！我要好好想想！我最近都没做过展示……
女：我都说明白了吗？
男：嗯，明白了。
女：好！那么，丹尼尔，时间是下周四上午11点，到时候见。
男：好的！到时候见！谢谢你，再见。
女：再见。
请根据对话1回答第1题到第5题。
第1题这个女士为什么给这个男士打电话？
第2题面试中，这个男士可以问什么问题？
第3题面试的最后一部分是什么？
第4题这个男士的展示要包括什么内容？
第5题面试安排在什么时候？
CONVERSATION TWO
6.What is the interview mainly about?
答案：B. How to handle the problem of college loans.
7.How does the cost of college education change every year?
答案：A.It has incread by6to8%.
8.What is ud to measure student loan debt as a guideline?
答案：B.First year salary after graduation.
9.What is the advantage of joining a college savings plan?答
案：D.Students withdraw without paying tax.
10.What is the possible social cost of a college loan?
答案：A.Giving up charitable or volunteer work.
听力原文
W:It says a growing number of students are making a major hole from the minute they enter the real world becau they are already,some of them,more than100,000dollars in debt.With us now is Mark Spencer,he is the nior financial analyst for SBC Bank.Welcome to you.
M:Thank you.Nice to be with you.
W:Now I guess there are two kinds of debts:good debt and bad debt.Where does this go?
M:Well,student loan debt is traditionally 胡文秀
considered good debt,but the problem for many students and their families is that the cost of colleges has been going up at6to8%a year,far faster than the income,f动漫帅哥壁纸
ar faster than the standard of living.That means debt’s taking on a bigger and bigger role in financing education.
W:How much debt is too much debt for,for one student?
M:Well,one guideline is that you look at the first year’s salary in your field after graduation,and u that as a barometer,but
W:Is that right?
M:Well,you are talking big payments even in that instance,for example,30,000dollars worth of debt. If you are gonna repay that over10years,you are talking more than300dollars a month at,in payments every month for10years.
W:But there’re surely more than one way to get a loan for college.There are government programs. There are so many kinds of grants.What’s,what’s the best advice for people who are looking for the loans to try to keep themlves from going under.
M:I understand that loans are just one way of college finance.Take advantage of the other opportunities. Things like a college savings plan,let,let you save on a tax advantage basis.So you can put money away in the accounts and withdraw tax-free to pay for that education.
W:So it’s important to start early and that really reduces that reliance on debt later.
