主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上要与主语保持一致。通常来说，当主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式；当主语是单数名词或者不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Friendship is the wine of life. (Edward Young) 友谊乃人生之美酒。
Difficulties strengthen the mind, as labor does the body. (Lucius Annaeua Seneca)
劳动强健身体，困难磨练意志。
1. 集合名词作主语时，谓语用单数还是复数视情况而定：
1） 当people, police, cattle, folk, personnel, militia, clergy, gentry, kindred, youth, mankind, vermin等表示有生命事物的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The mankind long for peace. 人类希望和平。
Sensible people understand it as soon as it is said.
聪明的人一说就明白。
Cattle are allowed to graze on the village common.
牲口被允许在乡村的公用草地上吃草。
2） 当表示无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。这样的名词有：scenery, clothing, poetry, jewellery, millinery, cutlery, stationary, crockery, hosiery, footwear, underwear, glassware, hardware, merchandi, foliage等。
The merchandi has gone through the examination.
这些商品通过了检查。
Much of her jewellery was missing. 她的大部分珠宝找不见了。
3） 以下集合名词作主语时，如果指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式：army, audience, class, club, offspring, company, committee, crowd, crew, couple, family, group, mob, government, jury, party, staff, team, faculty, board, band
等。
The committee is going to deal with this matter. 委员会要处理这个事件。
The committee are divided in opinion. 委员们意见不一致。
The team are full of enthusiasm. 队员们个个情绪高涨。
The team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.
一个情绪高涨的球队很可能会胜的。
2. both…and…连接两个并列主语，谓语动词用复数。
Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery.
那家食品杂货店已经将面包和黄油售完。
3. 用and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一人或物或通常由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数，指不同的人或物或分开的东西用复数谓语动词。
The cretary and manager was prent at the meeting.
书记兼经理出席了会议。
The cretary and the manager were prent at the meeting.
书记和经理出席了会议。
The iron and steel industry is of great importance to the national economy.
钢铁工业对国民经济至关重要。（一种工业）
The food and the textile industry depend mainly on agriculture for raw material.
粮食工业和纺织工业主要依靠农业提供原料。（两种工业）
4. 以-s结尾的学科名词和疾病名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
如：optics 光学, acoustics 声学, electronics 电子学, mechanics 力学, classics 古希腊和古罗马的语言、文学和历史, linguistics 语言学, plastics 整形外科, statistics 统计学, economi
cs 经济学, mathematics 数学, physics 物理, ethics 伦理学, measles 麻疹, diabetes 糖尿病, mumps 腮腺炎, shingles带状疱疹, arthritis 关节炎等。
Mathematics ems to be difficult to him.
数学在他看来似乎很难。
Linguistics is a required subject for every language student.
语言学对每个学语言的学生来说都是必修课。
Mumps is a contagious dia by a virus.
腮腺炎是一种由病毒引起的传染病。
但是，表学科的名词有时可用来指具体的实践活动、性能、现象等，此时谓语动词用复数。
His politics are very radical. 他的政治观点很激进。
The statistics in his report are not accurate.
他报告中的统计数字不确切。
5. 下面以-s结尾的名词是复数形式，谓语动词也要用复数。clothes, trours, shorts, spectacles, effects, goods, papers, arms, tongs, riches, suburbs, stockings, tweezers, customs, gloves, compass, binoculars, jeans, wages, shades, calipers, flares, forceps, suspenders, belongings, bookings, clippings, diggings, earrings, filings, sweepings, takings, surroundings, doings, eaves, odds, thanks, proceeds, woods, winnings, savings, quarters, oats, premis, remains, grounds, asts, archives, scissors等。
The eaves are dripping. 屋檐在滴水。
The odds are that he will fail his examination. 他多半通不过这次考试。
6. 用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名、组织机构等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；用作指山脉、群岛、瀑布等的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The United Nations is an international organization.
联合国是个国际性组织。
Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy.
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是一部悲剧。
The Himalayas are the roof of the world.
喜马拉雅山是世界的屋脊。
7. 动词不定式短语、动名词短语和从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
To be of u in the world is the only way to be happy.(Hans Christian)
做有益于世界的事最快乐。
Making up my mind saves me a lot of headaches.(Leonard Stern)
我拿定了主意个我省去了不少头痛的问题。
When we will leave has not been decided.
我们什么时候离开还没决定。
但是：what引导的从句视情况而定。
What was once a palace is a pile of rubble.
那曾是宫殿的地方现在是一片瓦砾。
What we need are books. 我们需要的是书。
8. “the+形容词”作主语，指一类人时，谓语动词用复数，指一类物或一个人时，谓语动词用单数。
The old are well looked after by the government.
政府对老年人登录qq空间
照顾得很好。
The dead was about thirty years old.
死者30岁左右。
The agreeable is not always the uful. 好看的不一定实用。
9. “a number of +复数名词”的中心词是复数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数；“the number of+复数名词”的中心名词是number, 作主语时谓语动词用单数。
A number of students were abnt yesterday.
昨天许多学生缺席。
The number of pages in this book is nine hundred.
这本书的页数是九百。
10. one and a half后面跟复数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
一根半香蕉生在桌子上。
11. “man写日记
y a +单数名词”和“more than one+单数名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数。
Many a man has sacrificed his life, it is true, for wealth.
许多人确实是为了财而送了命。
More than one person has signed the petition.
不止一个人在请愿书上签了名。
12. 用and连接两个单数名词作主语，且名词前面有every, each, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
在我国，男孩和女孩都有受教育的权力。
No teacher and no student is admitted.
师生一律不得入内。
13. 运算中，加法、乘法可单可复；减法、除法只单不复。
Five and six is/are eleven. 5+6=11
Twenty times/multiplied by twenty makes/make four hundred. 2020=400
