2003年北京师范大学考博英语试题
English Entrance Examination for Non-English Major Doctoral Candidates
March 15, 2003
I. Listening Comprehension (20 point)
Section One
Directions: In this ction, you will hear three short talks. At the end of each talk, you will hear some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choo the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre.
a
potential
for
AIDS
cure
dia
1.
A.
a
B.
C. immune system
D. a patient suffering from AIDS
2. A. High feve红烧鸡翅尖
r B. Broken legs. C. Cancer. D. AIDS.
3. A. Doctors don’t know what caus AIDS.
B. Doctors don’t like to treat patients with AIDS.
C. AIDS attacks the immune system, turning good cells into bad ones.
D. AIDS patients refu to receive any treatment offered by doctors.
4. A. perfect. B. inadequate C. desirable D. inefficient
5. A. They might find it hard to live with him.
B. They might love him so much as to spoil him.
C. They might expect too much from him.
D. They might love him more than average parents do.
6. A. The parents’ dream is nothing but a fal illusion.
B. The child will not look like their former child.
C. The child will be spoiled.
D. The child may fail to fulfill the parents’ dream.
7. A. The children’s interests are more important.
B. The parents’ wishes should be respected.
C. The reasons for cloning children are justified.
D. There is a need to clone children.
8. A. They try them on first.
B. They put their right hand on them.
C. They just have a look.
D. They feel and touch them.
9. A. The things are ud by people very often.
B. People do not pay attention to the feel of things.
C. People know how to u the things so they don’t need to feel them.
D. The things are easy to feel but difficult to e.
10. A. Touching by Feeling
B. To See or to Feel
C. To See Better—Feel
D. Ways of Feeling With Your Feet
Section B
Part 1
Directions: Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a prentation on Time Management. For questions 11-15, while you are listening, choo the correct word or phra to complete each ntence by marking one letter A, B or C for the word or phra you choo on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre.
11. The speaker wants to show you _______.
A. the harmful effects of stress
B. how you can be more effective at work
C. how to lead a balanced life
12. You can subject yourlf to high levels of stress by ______.
A. meeting other people’s demands on your time
B. traveling a lot
C. regularly working very long hours
13. Typically, stress is related to ______.
A. jobs with high salaries
B. long working hours
C. high levels of responsibility
14. One thing the speaker suggests you do is _____ in order to reduce your working hours.
A. to delegate
B. to update facilities D. to take a holiday
15. To help you manage your time more effectively, the speaker suggests you start saying ______.
A. “no” to other people
B. “Yes” to other people
C. “Sorry” to yourlf
Part 2
Directions: Look at the five sta杜甫的诗风
tements (16-20) for this part. You will hear an interview between a sales manager and an applicant for the position of advertising manager. Decide if each statement is correct according to the interview. If you think it is correct, mark letter A on your ANSWER SHEET wi
th a single line through the center. If you think it is not correct, mark letter B on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre.
16. The sales manager is satisfied with the prent advertising firm.
17. Miss Edison will be responsible to Mr. Grant for all advertising.
18. The company has never advertid on TV.
19. The company produces chairs.
20. The s烧烤食物
ales manager shows great interest in Miss Edison’s idea about TV advertising and very
probably Miss Edison will get the job.
II. Reading Comprehension (25 points)
Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choo the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
1
The great advance in rocket theory 40 years ago showed that liquid-fuel rockets were far superior in every respect to the skyrocket with its weak solid fuel, the only kind of rocket then known. However, during, the last decade, large solid-fuel rockets with solid fuels about as powerful as liquid fuels have made their appearance, and it is a favorite layman’s question to inquire which one is “better”. The question is meaningless; one might as well ask whether a
gasoline or a diel engine is “better”. It all depends on the purpo. A liquid-fuel rocket is complicated, but has the advantage tat it can be controlled beautifully. The burning of the rocket engine can be stopped completely it can经济周期的四个阶段
be re-ignited when desired. In addition, the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the speed of the fuel pumps. A solid-fuel rocket, on the other hand, is rather simple in construction, though hard to build when a really large size is desired. But once you have a solid-fuel rocket, it is ready for action at very short notice. A liquid-fuel rocket has to be fueled first and cannot be held in readiness for very long after it has been fueled. However, once a solid-f一年级图画作品
uel rocket has been ignited, it will keep burning. It cannot be stopped and re-ignited whenever desired (it could conceivably be stopped and re-ignited after a pre-calculated time of burning has elapd) and its thrust cannot be varied. Becau a solid-fuel rocket can be kept ready for a long tim
e, most military missiles employ solid fuels, but manned space flight needs the fine adjustments that can only be provided by liquid fuels. It may be added that a liquid-fuel rocket is an expensive device; a large solid-fuel rocket is, by comparison, cheap. But the solid fuel, pound per pound, costs about 10 times as much as the liquid fuel. So you have on the one hand, an expensive rocket with a cheep fuel and on the other hand a comparatively cheap rocket with an expensive fuel.
21. The author feels that a comparison of liquid and solid-fuel rockets shows that ______.
A. neither type is very economical
B. the liquid-fuel rocket is best
C. each type has certain advantages
D. the solid-fuel rocket is best
22. The most important consideration for manned space flight is that the rocker be ________.
A. inexpensive to construct
B. capable of lifting heavy spacecraft into orbit
C. inexpensive to operate
D. inexpensive to operate
23. Solid fuel rockets are expensive to operate becau of their _______.
A. size
B. fuel
complicated
engines
construction D.
C.
24. Which of the following statements is not characteristic of liquid-fuel rockets?
A. The fuel is cheap.
B. They are cheap to build.
C. They can be stopped and re-ignited.
D. They must be ud soon after fueling.
25. The author tells us that ______.
A. whether a liquid-fuel or a solid-fuel rocket is better depends on the purpo
B. neither type is superior
C. forty years ago, large solid-fuel rockets with solid fuels as powerful as liquid fuels were
made
D. the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the direction of the pump
2
Imagine an accident in which a nuclear power plant releas radioactive gas. The cloud starts movin
g with the wind. Clearly, the authorities will want to evacuate anyone in its path, but what is that path? Local wind information is meaningless without information about terrain; a mountain range or ries of valleys can divert both wind and gas in unpredictable directions.
To make “downwind” a uful term, scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have put the United States on a computer, the entire United States—every hill, every valley, every mile of ashore. Within minutes of a disaster, they can give meteorologists a context for weather data, and thus the ability to predict how toxic gas might spread.
The databa for this computer map is a ries of altitude measurements, made over many years by the Defen Department and the U.S. Geological Survey. They reprent the height above a level of over a billion parate points—a grid of points 200 feet apart, spanning the country. Armed with the data, plus a program that manipulates them, a Cray-1 computer can produce an image of any piece of terrain, en from any angle, illuminated by an imaginary sun 三打白骨精的故事
at any time of day placing the “obrver” at any altitude from zero to 40,000 feet.
“We u a technique called ray tracing,” says Patrick Weidhaas, one of the Livermore computer scientists who wrote the program. The computer is told where the obrver is. The program traces a
n imaginary ray from there outward until it “intercts” with one of the points of altitude recorded in the machine’s memory. The computer then puts a dot of color at the proper place on the screen, and the program traces another ray.
At its highest resolution of 2,000 horizontal and 1,700 vertical dots per picture, the computer has to trace veral million rays, Even吉林市美食
on the Cray, the most powerful computer in the world, this takes about a minute. Reducing the resolution to 400-800 (a TV screen has 800700) speeds it up to about eight conds. “We can’t produce a movie simulating flight on the screen in real time,” says Weidhaas. There is a way around the problem: Two movies have been made using still pictures generated by the computer as individual frames. “The results were impressive,” he says, “but it was cumbersome to do. At twenty-four frames per cond, it takes fourteen hundred parate computer images to make a one-minute film.” Another limitation: The computer can access only enough memory to cove a 15-mile-square area. An “obrver” high up will e blank spaces beyond tho limits.
Weidhaas wants to add information about what overlies the terrain—cities, vegetation, roads, and so on. “Making the image as realistic as possible will make our advice more effective,” he says, “and might lead to us we haven’t thought of yet.”
26. As ud in the first paragraph, thrrain most clearly means _______.
A. available information about the weather
B. surrounding land area
C. blank spaces between the mountain ranges
D. amount of forest per square mile
27. Livermore’s computer map, in combination with weather reports, might be uful in predicting
_____.
A. the path of toxic gas from a nuclear power plant explosion
B. where incoming nuclear missiles might strike
C. the average annual rainfall for North Dakota
D. the amount of pollution in the air
28. The information ud by the computer to make its detailed maps _______.
I. was gathered by the Defen Department a长山岛
nd the U.S. Geological Survey
II. shows points roughly 200 feet apart
III. involves altitude measurements
A. I
B. I and II
C. I and III
D. I, II and III
29. Which of the following is the best description of ray tracing?
A. The computer simulates rays of the sun, filling in areas of light and shadow.
B. Lines radiate outward from the imagined obrver and a dot of color is placed where the
line intercts with one of the points of altitude in the machine’s memory.
C. X-rays are ud to trace the outline of the terrain through buildings and trees.
D. The exact movement of rays is ud by private detectives to solve mysteries and locate
missing persons.
30. Information about cities, vegetation, and road overlying the terrain ______.
A. has to be eliminated before correct readings can be obtained
B. would be impossible to conv长沙旅游攻略景点必去三天
ert to data that a computer would accept.
C. might lead to new applications and improve effectiveness of prent us
D. would make ray tracing obsolete
3
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients—to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of de
ath? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often em dwarfed by greater needs: The need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promi of crecy.
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer? If he asks, should the doctor deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they e important reasons to lie for the patient’s own sake. In their eyes, such lies differ sharply from lf-rving ones.
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the riously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: “Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth’s sake, and that is, as far as possible ‘do no harm’.” Armed with such a precept a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will “do no harm” and may well help their patients.
But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness.
Not only do lies not provide the “help” hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception, they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health.
Lies also do harms to tho who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine”, and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.
31. Who are most likely to lie for rving purpos?
A. physicians
B. surgeons
C. psychiatrists
D. lawyers
32. Doctors think that lying to their patients is _______.
