、英语最常用前缀、后缀
前 缀 意 义 单 词 加前缀派生词 加后缀派生词
ad- 向、到 join加入 adjoin邻接 adjoining邻接的, 隔壁的
re- 回 turn转动 return回来 returnless回不来的
再、又 build建造 rebuild重建 rebuilder重建者
con- 共同 firm 坚固 confirm确定 confirmedly坚定地
ob- 向 press压 oppress压迫 oppressive压制性的, 压迫的
in- 里 port港口 import进口;重要 important重要的
否定 correct正确 incorrect不正确 rectitude正直, 公正
trans- 贯通 port港口 transport运输夫子庙灯会
transportation运输
pre- 前 school学校 preschool学龄前 preschooler学龄前儿童
pro- 前 long长的 prolong延长 prolongate延长, 伸长
per- 完全 form形状 perform完成 performance履行,表演
ex- 外 port港口 export出口 exporter出口商
dis- 分开 part部分 dispart分离 dispartment分离, 分开
否定 agree同意
like喜欢 disagree不同意
dislike厌恶 disagreement争执, 不和
dislikeful令人嫌恶的
sub- 下 way路 subway地铁 exportable可输出的
un 否定 like象 unlike不象... unlikeness不相等, 不象
sur 上 face脸面 surface表面 surfacewi沿着表面(地)
注:-ing,-less(否定),-ed,-ive,-ant,-ful,-able是形容词后缀;
-er,-itude,-ation,-ance,-ment,-ness,是名词后缀;
-ly,-wi是形容词、副词后缀;-ate是动词、名词、形容词后缀。
读者掌握上述后缀基础上,完全可以“猜出”最后一列派生单词的意义,实现“不背而记”。
二、派生法构词公式:<前缀>+词根(词根变体或单词)+<后缀>
前 缀 词根 单 词 fect变体 单 词
ad-向、到 fect
做 affect影响, 感动 fair affair事务, 事件
re-回;再 refect使精神振作 act retroact反作用
con-共同 confection甜食 pact compact契约
de-下 defect过失, 缺点 fic deficit赤字
in-里 infect传染, 感染 pact impact影响
trans-贯通 transfect转染 act transaction交易
pre-前 prefect各类官员 fig prefigure预示
per-完全 perfect完美的 funct perfunctory草率
ex-外 effect效果, 作用 fic efficient生效的
dis-否定 disaffect 使疏远 fic difficult困难的
前 缀 单词 单 词 单词 单 词
ad-向、到 press压力 adpress压于表面 test测试 attest证明
三、派生词affect的“再派生” 名词派生词 Balance→imbalance;pleasure→displeasure;management→ mismanagement;efficiency→inefficiency;concern→unconcern ;litera
cy→illiteracy;现代文学作家
resolution→irresolution; interference→noninterference;nutrition→malnutrition.
Ⅱ形容词派生词 Accurate→inaccurate;patient→impatient. regular→ irregular;legal→illegal;native→non-native;orderly→ disorderly;common→uncommon.
Ⅲ动词派生词 Agree→disagree;judge→misjudge;treat→maltreat; activate→inactivate;u→ill-u;mobilize→immobilize; manage→mismanage;quote→unquote.
加前缀“再派生” 单 词 加后缀“再派生” anti-government(反政府);auto-intoxication(自我迷醉);bilateral(双边的);coexistence(共存);counter-argument (反建议);de-emphasize(不强调);ex-president(前任会长);international(国际间的);monolingual(单语的);post-war (战后的);precaution(预先防备);pro-China(支持中国); re-state(重述);subhuman(低于人类的);superimpo(加在上面);trans-atlantic(横跨大西洋的);triangle(三角); ultra-smart(超能的)。
disaffect使疏远fright(名词)→frighten(动词);modern(形容词)→ modernize(动
词);beauty(名词)→beautify(动词);year(名词)→yearly(副词);quick(形容词)→quickly(副词)。
disaffected抱不平的. (fear) John gave the chairman his honest opinion, _____ of the result.
2. (end) I’m fed up with your ____ complaining.
3. (clo) The lifting of the curtain ____ a beautiful winter scene.
4. (appoint) My parents were _____ with me becau I failed the exam.
5. (spell) The book contains quite a few _____ words; the proof- reader really should have been more careful.
6. (understand) Don’t ____ his si-lence for lack of interest; actually he is very interested in the subject we are discussing now.
7. (load) The American ship arrived at the port yesterday, and workers are _____ its contents in the 柴胡舒肝丸的功效
harbor now.
8. (certain) I had a long talk with him yesterday, but I’m still _____ about his intention.
9. (regular) That young mother does not like _____ working hours.
10. (proper) Joking with other persons at this official celebration is _____ behavior for such a rious occasion.
disaffection不满, 不平affectionate亲爱的affectionate亲爱的
affectionately挚爱地affective情感的
affectively情感地
affectivity情感作用
affectless冷酷无情的
affectlessly冷酷无情地
affectlessness冷酷无情
unaffected自然的
unaffectedly自然地
unaffectionate缺乏爱的
conaffetto[音]深情地 affect