人教版高中英语选修八
知识点梳理
重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习
Unit 2 Cloning语言点
学习目标
重点词汇
differ undertake obtain forbid accumulate resist object
attain owe bother strike
重点短语
pay off cast down have impact on in favor of be bound to do
from time to time // bring back to life in vain in good/ poor condition
重点句型
Then came the
知识讲解
重点词汇
differ
【原句回放】Think about how they differ. 考虑一下它们有怎样的不同。
【点拨】differ vi. 有区别，与......相异，不同于
常见搭配：differ from 与......不同/有区别（=be different from）
differ from/ with 与......意见不一致（=disagree with）
differ with sb. on/ about sth. 对某事与某人意见不同
differ in 在……方面不同
Their hou differs from mine in having no garage.
他们的房子和我不同，区别在于没有车库。
I differ with him on how to solve the problem. 怎样解决这个问题我和他有分歧。
【拓展】difference n. 差异, 差别
different adj. 不同的
常见搭配：be different from… 与……不同
make a difference 有差别, 有关系
make some (no\ not much\ ...) difference 有（没有\不太大的\......）关系
undertake
【原句回放】It is difficult task to undertake. 这是一项艰难的任务。
【点拨】 undertake (undertook, undertaken) vt. 从事，着手，承担
常用搭配：undertake to do sth. 答应/同意做某事
undertake that … 保证/答应……
undertake for ... 为......负责
The lawyer undertook the ca without a fee. 这位律师免费承办了这个案件。
I undertook to teach the children English. 我答应教孩子们英语。
I can’t undertake that you will make a profit. 我不能保证你会赢利。
【拓展】undertaking n. 任务，事业；许诺，保证
He was required to give a written undertaking not to disclo the details of their contract.
他被要求提供书面承诺不泄露合同的细节。
obtain
【原句回放】Although at prent human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning rearch are difficult 尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得......
【点拨】obtain vt. & vi. （尤指经努力）获得，赢得
I haven’t been able to obtain that book. 我还没有得到那本书。
Further information can be obtained from head office by calling up the cretary.
进一步的信息可以通过给秘书打电话从总公司获取。
【拓展】 区别：obtain，acquire，gain，get
1. obtain意为“获得，取得”，不含难以达到之意，但可能经历了较长时间。
2. acquire多用于通过不断“学”、“问”等慢慢地获得“学问，技术”等较为抽象的东西。
3. gain 含义较obtain近一层，表示付出更大的努力才能获得，故意为“赢得”。
4. 普通用语，get指“以某种方法或手段得到某种东西”。
Did you get my telegram last Sunday? 上周你收到电报了吗？
He obtained experience through practice. 他通过练习获取了经验。
We should try to acquire good habits. 我们应该养成好习惯。
I hope you will gain greater success. 我希望你会获得成功。
forbid
【原句回放】Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade rearch into 有些政府开始改革司法制度，明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究......
【点拨】 forbid (forbade, forbidden ) vt. 禁止，不准
常用搭配：forbid doing禁止做某事
forbid sb. to do 禁止某人做某事
forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 音乐厅禁止吸烟。
Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.
大多数父母都认可禁止孩子吸烟。
Women in that country are forbidden from going out without a veil.
那个国家的女性不带面纱禁止出门。
【拓展】区别forbid，ban，prohibit
三者都含“禁止”的意思。
1. forbid 常用词, 指“命令某人不做某事”。
2. ban 语气较重, 指权威机关“正式禁止”, 含“严厉谴责”之意,只能用事物作其宾语。
3. prohibit指“通过法律或政府法令禁止”。
如:
The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。
Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器!
The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark. 天黑后士兵们严禁离开营房。
accumulate
【原句回放】... but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. ......但是其他国家，如中国和英国，则仍然在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富的医疗救助的证据。
【点拨】accumulate vt. & vi. 积累, 堆积；（强调“经过一段比较长的时间由少到多的积累”）
The company has accumulated great wealth within a few years.
几年来，这家公司已经积累了一大笔财富。
However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the London Zoo felt obliged to investigate.
然而，随着这种迹象越来越明显，来自伦敦动物园的专家们被迫开始了调查。
【拓展】 accumulation n.积聚,累积量
accumulative adj. 累积的，渐增的
resist
【原句回放】The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of the animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that dia to the next generation.其优点是，如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。
【点拨】resist v. 抵抗，对抗
常用搭配：resist doing sth. 忍住/抵制做某事
She resisted being carried off. 她拒绝被带走。
A balanced diet will increa your ability to resist infection.
饮食均衡会增强你抗感染的能力。
I couldn’t resist telling h请假条如何写
im the cret. 我克制不住只得把秘密告诉了他。
【拓展】resistance n. 抵制，抗拒
resistant adj. 有抵抗力的
