非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词的概念
动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
二、 非谓语形式的三种形式及基本用法：
1、动词不定式：to do 表示目的和将来
2、动词的ing : doing 表示主动和进行
3、动词的过去分词：done 表示被动和完成
非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式
一、不定式（to do）
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构
成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。
不定式运用口诀：
本领最多不定式，主，表，宾，补，定和状，样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢，大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，做主宾时用“it”，自己在后把身藏，七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开，疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当，逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for sb，to前not 是否定，各种用法区别开。
1.不定式的时态及语态
时态 | 主动 | 被动 | 意义 | 例句 | 语态 |
一般 | to do | to be done | 与谓语动词同时发生或以后发生 | I’m glad to e you. | 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式须用被动形式。如：He asked to be nt to work in Tibet. This book is said to have been translated into many languages. |
进行 | to be doing | | 表示谓语的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行 | He pretended to be reading a book when I came in. |
完成 | to have done | to have been done | 先于谓语动作发生 | We em to have met each other before. |
完成进行 | to have been doing | | 先于谓语动作发生而又延续到谓语动作发生后 | He is said to have been studying abroad，but I don’t know which country he is studying in. |
| | | | | |
1. I am sorry to ________ you so much trouble. （2008 江苏）
A. have given B. have been given C. give D. giving
答案： A
简析：be sorry to have done sth 意为“已经某事而遗憾”，to have done是不定式的完成形式，表示先于谓语动词的动作。B，被动形式，不合题意。
变式训练：
2.The promising young man is said to ______ two novels.
A. have written B. have been written C. write D. writing (A)
2.不定式的句法功能
1）作主语：（谓语动词一般用单数）
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面一句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
练习：
1. ______( die ) for people is a glorious thing.
2. ______( talk ) with him is a great pleasure.
3. ______( e ) is to believe.
4._____________________ (beat) in the home match was a disgrace to them..
5. 在一个小时之内记住所有这些单词是不容易的。（翻译威风八面
成英文）
6.It is important ________ to turn off the light when you leave the room.
A. remember B . to remember C. of remembering D. remembering
不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.
It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
1） for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
例如：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2） of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
例如：
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法：
用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。
例如：
You are nice. （通顺，所以应用of）。
He is hard. （非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。）
1.It is great honor ________ prent at this meeting.
A. for us to be B. for us to C. of us to beD. for your being
2. It’s kind ________ so much of us.
A. for you to think B. for you thinking C. of you to think D. of you thinking
3. It’s clever ________ to make a mistake and correct it in no time.
A．for her B．of her C．by her D．by herlf
2）作表语：
1. Her daughter’s wish is to become a singer.
2. She ems to go with us.
3.The boy ems to have been beaten.
4.Her job is to clean the hall.
练习：
1. Her work is ______( look )after the children.
2. My aim is ______( go ) to TsinghuaUniversity.
3. She emed ______( think ) about theproblem.
4. He appeared __________________懒人焖饭的做法
___ (wait) for a long time.
5. The box ems _________________ (move).
6.Whether China can launch Shenzhou Ⅷ successfully remains ________.
A.to e be en D.being en
7.What I would suggest 孙尚香刘备
is ________ the job right away.
A. to start B. starts C. of staring D. for staring
3）作宾语：
常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有：
afford | aim | agree | arrange | ask | decide |
bother | care | choo | demand | desire | determine |
elect | endeavor | hope | fail | help | learn |
long 渴望 | mean | manage | offer | plan | pretend |
refu | tend | undertake | expect | hate | intend |
| | | | | |
如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，
放在宾语补足语后面，如：
Eg.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
练习：
1.They wanted ______( get ) on the bus, didn’t they?
2.He said he wished______(be )a professor.
3.I agreed______ (go ) there with the doctor.
4.They asked __________(nd) to work here.
5.He promid ________________(wait) a中国节气
t the door when she came out.
6. I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
7. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _____ everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
8. —I didn’t hear you come in last night.
—That’s good. We tired _____ noisy.
A. not to B. to be not C. to be D. not to be
9.It’s a new dictionary, he ems ________ this book the other day.
