法律英语专业翻译讲解

更新时间:2023-05-03 14:20:04 阅读: 评论:0

法律英语专业翻译讲解
专业英语部分
Put the following paragraphs into Chine:
1、Ca law is built up out of precedents, a nd a precedent is a previous
decision of a court which may, in certain circumstances, be binding on another court
in deciding a similar ca. This practice of following previous decisions is derived
from custom, but it is a practice which is generally obrved. Even in early times the
itinerant judges adopted the doctrine of stare decisis, and this doctrine has been
developed in modern times so that it means that a precedent binds, and must be
followed in similar cas, subject to the powers to distinguish cas in certain circumstances.
所谓判例法,是基于法院判决而形成的具有法律效力的判定,这种判定在某
些情况下对以后的同类案件具有约束力,能够作为法院判案的法律依据。这种先
例中的做法一般来源于习惯,同时也是通常情况下会采用的做法。哄女友睡前故事 即使在早期那
些巡回法官也采用“遵循先例”的法律原则,如今,该法律原则也经过了一定的
发展演变,即在某些情况下,经过权力机关对案件进行甄别后,经认定先例适合
于现有案件,则先例具有约束力,必须适用先例。
2、The literal rule. According to this rule, the working of the Act must be
construed according to its literal and grammatical meaning whatever the result may be.
The same word must normally be construed throughout the Act in the same n, and
in the ca of old statutes regard must be had to its contemporary meaning if there has
been a change with the passage of time.
2.字面规则。所谓字面规则是指在对法律条文进行解读时必须结合其字面含
义和语法含义两方面。在同一法案中,同一个单词通篇的含义应是一致的;至于
古法典中的词语,如果其语义随油淋鸡 着时代变迁发生了变化,则应注意采用其对应的
现代语义。
3、In a very wide n, the principle of legality –the “rule of law”–
refers
to and requires not only a body of legal precepts but also supporting institutions, procedures, and values. The “rule of law”, according to an American Bar Association. Committee Report (published by International Commission of Jurists 1956), includes:
“1, T hat body of legal precepts governing, 2, tho institutions veste d with
appropriate legal power, and 3, tho legal procedures by which tho precepts may
be applied by tho institutions – which together are designed to effect the protection
of esntial interests of individuals guaranteed by our society through limitations on
the authority of the State.” 
广义上来说,合法性原则,也即是“法治”,不仅是法律规则的集合,也包
含将法律付诸实施的授权单位,法律实施的过程以及其中蕴含的价值。美国律师
执业协会委员会报告(刊载于1956年出版的《国际法学家委员会》)是这么定义
“法治”的,法治包含三层含义:1、由一系列法律规则所规范;2、根据授权获
得行使相应权力的机构;3、上述授权机构实践运用上述规范的过程,这三方面
共同作用通过限制国家的公权力来保护由社会赋予的个体所应享有的根本利益。
4、 A criminal offence results from the action of human being, or his failure to act, which is referred to as the actus reus of the crime. This act or omission must, at least
at common law, be accompanied by an appropriate state of mind which is referred to
as the mens rea.
The actus reus must be accompanied by an appropriate of mind which is referred to as mens rea. The mens rea and the actus reus must coincide in o西葫芦鸡蛋饼 rder to constitute a crime.
4.犯罪由作为或不作为引起,这就是犯罪构成要件中的犯罪行为。通常认为,这
种作为或者疏忽大意都伴随着相应的心理状态,这就是犯罪构成要件中的犯罪心
理。某一犯罪行为的发生必然伴随着某种相应的犯罪心理,只有同时具备犯罪行
为和犯罪心理两方面才能构成犯罪。
5、 The Code of Professional Responsibility points the way to the aspiring and provides standards by which to judge the transgressor. Each lawyer must find within
his own conscience the touchstone against which to test the extent to which his actions should ri above minimum standards, But in the last analysis it is the desire
for the respect and confidence of the me人能弘道 mbers of his profession and of the society which he rves that should provide to a lawyer the incentive for the highest possible degree of ethical conduct. The possible loss of that respect and confidence is the ultimate sanction. So long as its practitioners are guided by the principles, the law
will continue to be a noble profession. This is its greatness a nd its strength, which permit of no compromi.
5、《职业行为示范规则》一方面催人上进,另一方面为惩戒某些违反行为提供标
准。每位律师都应该凭着自己的良心寻找自己的试金石,看看他自己的底线到底
在哪里。但是归根结底,来自于其所服务的社会以及其所在的行业给予的职业尊
荣感是律师以高标准道德要求自己的动力,丧失这种职业尊荣感可能是对律师的
终极惩罚。只要执业者自觉遵守示范规则,律师职业仍然是一种高贵的职业,这
就是律师行业的伟大和可敬之处,不允许任何的妥协。
6. Crimes and Punishments
Criminal justice is a vast, complex system. Briefly, it is that part of the legal system which, first of all, marks off certain behavior as wrong or "criminal"; cond, takes steps to control or prevent that behavior by threats of punishment; and third, if prevention fails, tries to catch and to punish the wrongdoer. Familiar as the system is
in some of its aspects; in others it is obscure and much misunderstood.
To begin with, what is a crime? Every country has its own special list. The list is part of an elaborate statute which is usually called the penal code. The code describes conduct that is illegal and therefore criminal; it also ts out punishments.

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