英语虚词

英语的虚词与实词

虚词<介词、代词、连词、冠词、数词>

虚词没有实在意义，不能独立承担句子成分，包括冠词、介词、连词和感叹词:而且还有一个重要的特点，那

就是，虚词没有词形的变化：

一、冠词(art..)：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。如：a，an，the.

1.不定冠词:a，an

2.定冠词：the

二、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in，on，from，above，behind,across,against,

along,around,among,before,below,beneath,besides,beyond,despite,during,except,front,including,inside,like,

into,next,near,of,onto,out,outof,outside,over,owningto,per,regarding,since,through,till,towards,under,

unlike,until,up,upon,via,while,with,within,without…

1.简单介词：是由一个单词构成的介词。可分为三类：

①普通介词:如at，by，for，from，in，of，on，to，with等

②合成介词:如onto，into，within等

③分词介词：如including等

2.二重介词：是由两个简单介词连用而构成的介词。如：frombehind，sincebefore，反酸是什么症状 untilafter等

3.短语介词：是由两个或两个以上的词所组成的短语构成的介词。如：infrontof，becauof，insteadof等

三、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。按在句子中的作用可分为并列连词和从属连词：

After,although,also,and,anywhere,as,aslongas,assoonas,becau,before,both…and…but,considering,

either…or…evenif,evenso,eventhough,,everywhere,for,hence,however,if,inca,inorderthat,insteadof,

likewi,never,nevertheless,notonly…butalso,nowthat,once,or,otherwi,regardless,since,so,sothat,sucht乘坐飞机注意事项 hat,

thus,till,until,unless,when,whenever,wherever,whether,where,while…

1.并列连词

①表示平行或对等关系的并列连词：and，both…and，aswellas，notonly…butalso，neither…nor等

②表示转折关系的并列连词:but，yet，while等

③表示选择关系的并列连词：or，either…or等

④表示因果关系的并列连词：for，so等

2.从属连词：是引导从句的连词

①引导名词性从句的连词：that，whether，if

②引导副词性从句的连词：when，while，as，since，before，after，once，assoonas，until，till，becau，

nowthat，although，though，evenif，eventhough，nomatterhow，nomatterwhat，whatever，however，whether…

or，if，unless，solongas，aslongas，inorderthat，sothat，so…that，asif，asthough，than，where，wherever

等

四、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词

。

如：all,another,any,anybody,anyone,anything,each,either,every,

everybody,everything,he,her,himlf,themlves,itlf,I,it,me,mine,yours,neither,nobody,none,nothing,other,

others,so,some,something,someone,that,the,they,this,tho,us,what,whatever,when,whenever,who,

whoever,who,…

五、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh，well，hi，hello

英语

一篇文章10个空，一般7个空是有提示词的，相当于用所给词的正确形式填空；另外3

个是没有提示词的，需要我们填入连词，代词，介词，冠词等虚词。

1）.名词前面一般用冠词，代词或介词等。

①.Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.________waterwassweet.

②.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot________pleasantexperience.

③.Theyoungmanwenthome________ahappyheart.

④.MoYanwontheNobelPrizefor________greatworks.

⑤._______timegoingby,theboyhasgrownintoastrongman.

⑥.Thegirldanced______themusicofPaulMallrat’sband.

（2）.缺主语或宾语，一般填代词。

①.e________ismine.

②.Suddenlythewallmoved——________wasmadeoftrees.

③.Newtechnologieshavemade_________possibletoturnoutnewproductsfaster.

④._________isimportantforourstudentstoexercionehoureveryday.

（3）.并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and,but,or等。

①.Eachwinnerreceivesagoldmedal,adiploma________asumofmoney.

②.Hewasverytiredfromdoingthisforawholeday,________hefeltveryhappy.

③.Whichdoyouprefer,folkmusic________popmusic?

（4）.两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what，which，who,how,

when等）。比如宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底

是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。

①.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland________wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.

②.________hardyourtry,itisdifficulttoloweight.

③.Ifyouhappentogetlostinthewild,you’dbetterstay________youare.

④.________wehaveenoughevidence,wecannotwintheca.

⑤.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemlves紫苑功效与作用 bylearningalanguagedifferentfrom______theirparentsspeakathome.

⑥.Atthesametime,therehadbeenagrowingnumberofoverasstudents________camebacktoChinaafterstudy.

⑦.Myfaceturnedredonhearing________mymothersaid.

⑧._______shecouldn’tunderstandwas_______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.

⑨.Itwastheabilitytodothejob____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.

⑩.Nosoonerhadshegoneout___________astudentcametovisither.

实词是指有实在意义，能独立承担句子成分的词，包括名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词和数

词。而且还有一个重要的特点，那就是，实词有词形的变化，尤其是动词，可谓变化多端：

1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy，morning，bag，ball，class，orange.

英语

2、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good，right，white，orange.

3、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one，two，three，first，cond，third，fourth.

4、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am，is，are，have，e.

5、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。如：well，very，here，often，quietly，

slowly.

构词法WordFormation

在英语中词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。

一、合成Compounding两个或更多的词合成一个词。

方式：1.直接写在一起。2.用连字符(-)连接。3.由两个分开的词构成。

(1)合成形容词

方式

1形容词＋形容词

2形容词＋名词

3形容词＋现在分词

4形容词＋过去分词

5形容词＋名词-ed

6名词＋名词-ed

7名词＋形容词

8名词＋现在分词

9名词＋过去分词

10副词＋形容词

11副词＋现在分词

12副词＋过去分词

13数词＋名词

14数词＋名词+形容词

15数词＋名词-ed

(2)合成动词

构成方式

1名词＋动词

2副词＋动词

3形容词＋动词

(3)合成名词

构成方式

1名词＋名词

2形容词＋名词

3动名词＋名词

4动词＋副词

5副词＋动词

例词

horback,bank-note,newspaper,cellphone,

back-yard,forehead,

hidingplace,reading-room

get-off,breakin,

output,overflowday-dream

overcome,upturn翻起white-wash

例词

例词red-hot

first-class,full-time,part-time

good-looking,free-thinking,ready-made

good-tempered,middle-aged,cold-bloodediron-willed

world-famous,day-long

beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,

man-made,water-covered,ever-green

hard-working,far-eing

well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known

five-yearfive-year-old

four-legged,six-storied

(4)合成副词however,maybe,wherever,whenever,forever

(5)合成代词whoever,,whatever,everyone,nobody,mylf,something,anything,

二、派生Derivation

英语

前缀

前缀

a-

en-

dis-un-

含义

处在……

使可能

不，否定

不

做相反动作

例词

ari,aside,aloneenrich,enable,enslave

dissatisfy,dishonest,disappear,disorder,disagree

unable,unknown,uncommon,uncomfortable,unfair,

unclo,undress,uncover,untie

inactive,incapable,inpatient,incorrect

impossible,impersonal,impolite,immature,impractical

in-

im-不，非

ir-

il-

non-不，非

向相反方向发展de-

anti-反（对）

mis-错误的，坏的

re重复，再

co-共同

ex以前的

tele远程

super-在上面，超级

under-在……之下

inter-相互，之间

sub-下，次

trans-过，穿过，变

vice-副

mi-半

bi两个

tri三个

mul-多，多种

kilo-千

后缀

后缀

-er

-ess

-or

名

-ar

词-e

-ian-ist

-ent/-ant-ment

英语

irregular,irresponsible

illogical,

nonexistent,non-interference,non-conductor,non-stop

Decentralize

（分散）

,defrost

（解冻）

anti-freeze,anti-fascist

misdoings,misunderstand,misfortune

rewrite,remarry,reunite,recycle,

co-exist,co-operate,co-educationEx-husband,ex-president

telephone,telegraph,telescope

supermarket,superpower,

underline,underestimate,underground,international,interact,inter-change

subtitle,submarine,subconscious,subcontinent,

transformation(变形),translatevice-premier,vice-president

mifinal,micircle,mi-automatic

bicycle,biennial两年一次的

triangle三角形,tricycle三轮脚踏车,triplets三胞胎

multiply,multi-national,multi-coloured

kilometre,kilogram

例词

farmer,weaver,pain-killer,murderer,,villager,stranger,speaker,cooker,recorder,heater

actress,waitress,princess,hostess

conductor,sailor,transistor,operator,beggar

Chine,Portugue,Japanemusician,Egyptian,physician

scientist,dentist,communist,socialist,

assistant

argument,judgment,government

-ness

-tion

-ing

-ship

-age

-ty

-th

-ance

-ence

-ful

-al

-y

-dom-ism

happiness,greatness,illness,coldness,sleeplessness

dictation,preparation,repetition,action,information,invention

building,wedding,painting

leadership,friendship,hardshipshortage,marriage,leakage

loyalty,cruelty,penalty,sixty,twenty,thirty,certainty

truth,warmth,length,growth,fifteenth,fourthacceptance,assistance,reliance,appearance

dependence,confidence,reference,entrance,defence

mouthful,handful,plateful,

refusal,denial,arrival

difficulty,possibility,

freedom,wisdom,kingdomsocialism,materialism

注意：-e,-ian,-ist既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。

-er构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。

后缀例词

-alcentral,industrial,national,natural

-anEuropean,American,Australian

-erneastern,northern,southern

-ablereasonable,horrible,terrible,believable,comfortable,forgettable,nsible

-fulcareful,cheerful,grateful,faithful,

-ishchildish,Swedish,lfish

-ivedestructive,collective,active,creative,effective

-ythirsty,dirty,windy,sunny,cloudy,healthy,funny

-lesscareless,hopeless,helpless,homeless,sleepless,fearless,limitless

-engolden,wooden,woolen

-ouscourageous,famous,continuous,rious,various

-aryimaginary,revolutionary,condary

-icrealistic,historic,poetic

形

troublesome,burdensome,lonesome,handsome

容

-some

childlike,womanlike,manlike

词

-like

-antignorant,significant,obrvant,important

-entdiligent,silent,excellent,frequ小儿自闭症 ent

-lylively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly,motherly

-ishchildish,foolish

后缀例词

-izerealize,modernize,mechanize,criticize,

动

-enwiden,strengthen,lengthen,sharpen,widen,shorten,quicken,deepen

词

-fySimplify,beautify,terrify,

英语

后缀

副

-ward(s)

词

-ly

例词

forward,northward,backward,downward，afterwardsslowly,quickly,carefully,loudly,happily,friendly

三、转化Conversion:指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。

1.名词和动词之间的转化

telephone电话——打电话,mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映,drink喝——饮料,record录音——记录,name,

date,hand,study,

2.形容词转化为动词perfect完美的——使完善

3.名词转化为形容词(副词)front前面——前面的

4.形容词转化为名词chief主要的——首领

-al

arrive—(n.)__________chemistry—(adj.)__________

memory—(n.)__________—(v.)__________music—(adj.)__________—(n.)__________

survive—(n.)__________—(n.)__________try—(n.)__________

-ance/-ence

abnt—(n.)__________allow—(n.)__________

appear—(n.)__________—(反义n.)__________assist—(n.)__________—(n.)__________

conquence—(n.)__________convenient—(n.)__________—(反n.)__________

different—(n.)__________evident—(n.)__________

exist—(n.)__________guide—(n.)__________

important—(n.)__________

depend—(adj.)__________—(n.)__________—(反n.)__________

insure—(n.)__________intelligent—(n.)__________

patient—(n.)__________significant—(n.)__________

silent—(n.)__________violent—(n.)__________

-ary/-ery

brave—(n.)__________discover—(n.)__________rob—(n.)__________

scene—(n.)__________slave—(n.)__________-able

admire—(adj.)__________change—(adj.)__________comfort—(adj.)__________

enjoy—(adj.)__________reason—(adj.)__________rely—(adj.)__________

suit—(adj.)__________value—(adj.)__________

-ment

Achieve—(n.)__________adjust—(n.)__________

adverti—(n.)__________agree—(n.)__________—(反n.)__________

amu—(n.)__________appoint—(n.)__________

argue—(n.)__________arrange—(n.)__________

courage

—(v.)__________—(n.)__________

entertain—(adj.)__________—(adj.)__________—(n.)__________

equip—(n.)__________judge—(n.)__________

英语

employ

—(n.)__________—(反n.)__________

-ness

dark—(n.)__________happy—(n.)__________

ill—(n.)__________kind—(n.)__________

sad—(n.)__________weak—(n.)__________

1、有提示词

这类题首先需要我们根据上下文，分析句子成分，确定空格所需要的词性，再根据前后文确定词形。

（1）如果要填入动词，我们需要判断到底是谓语动词和非谓语动词。

如果缺谓语动词，就要考虑到时态和语态的变化。

若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，那么我们应该填入非谓语动词，这时我们需要确定到底是to

do,doing还是done的形式。

①.Forexample,I________(order)adigitalcameraonlinetheotherdayandsavedabout$50.

②.WhenIdie,I________(give)everythingtoyou.

③.Ontheirreturn,thefatheraskedhisson________(explain)whathehadlearnt.

④.Theyareanimals________(live)inthea.

⑤.Helikesreadingbooks________(write)byLuXun.

⑥.Thewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures______(take).

⑦.Thespeakerraidhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimlf______(hear)

⑧._________(play)computergamesiswhatboyslikebest.

⑨.Itishightimeyou______(work)hardatEnglish.

⑩.Ifyou__________(come)yesterday,youwouldhavemetAndyLiu.

（2）如果需要填入名词，我们则需要判断是否有单复数和所有格的变化。

①.Myfirst________(impress)ofhimisthathewasakindandthoughtfulman.

②.Thepeoplehavemadegreat________(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.

③.You’llwanttoknowyourbodylanguageissayingandhowtointerpretother_______(people).

（3）如果需要填入形容词、副词。首先，我们要确认到底是填形容词还是副词。形容词一般用来修饰名词，

代词，或作表语；副词一般用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子。其次，我们还要考虑是否需要变成比较

级或最高级。

①.BeforethetripIthoughtwewererich,buttodayIlearntwhois________(true)rich.

②.Hemustbe________(mental)disabled.

③.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled________(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweet.

④.________(Fortune),nobodywasinjuredandnobuildingsweredestroyed.

⑤.Somepeoplesaythattheoldestchild,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikelytobe________(succeed)

⑥.Thewinningcarreachedaspeedoffortymilesanhour——much________(fast)thananyofitsrivals（对手）.

三、语篇练习

一

theyneveretheirresults,theyfeelthattheirIQ

is____1____eyeotherstudentsdoing___2____(good)thanthem,theyusuallybelievethatthostudentshave____3____higherIQandthatthereisnothingtheycandoto

英语

r,newrearch____4____EQsuggeststhatsuccessisnot____5____(simple)theresultofahighIQ.

WhileyourIQtellsyouhow____6____(intelligence)youare,yourEQtellsyouhowwellyouuyour

sorSalovery,____7____inventedthetermEQ,givesthefollowingdescription:atwork,itisIQthat____8____(get)tedbyhisacademicrearch,ProfessorSaloverysuggeststhat

when_____9_____(predict)someone’sfuturesuccess,theircharacter,as____10____(measure)byEQtests,mightactuallymattermorethantheirIQ.

二

Paulainterviewedtwo____1______(teenage),EmilyandJerry,foraprogram___2___re

threepeopleinEmily'sfamilyandfiveinJerry'sfamily,soJerrysometimesfeels_____3_____(crowd)intheirlittle

asalotofposssions,butJerrydoesn'snot___4_____(expect)todohouwork,

ly'sparentsare____5_____(business),sothey

usuallydotheirown____6____(person)ilyalwayscomesto

'sparentsdon'tusuallytrulesforher___7___Jerry'

likeshernewflat,butshe___8___(feel)lonelywhenherparentsareaway___9___veaclo___10___(relation)andalwayssupporteachother.

三

Goodafternoon,oufor___1_____(attend)ekend,one

of____2__(we)dentplayedcomputergamesontheInternetalldaySaturday

withoutstopping___3____(eat),y,udentsplaycomputergamesfor

__4___ast,studentsud____5____(play)outsidemoreoften,___6___

nowtheyspendmoretime___7__(play)owwewillhavesome

expertsheretotalktothestudents___8___llalsogivesome

adviceonhow___9____(u)ecanallworktogethertostopstudentsfromspendingtoo___10___(many)timeplayingcomputergames.

四

Som情人图片 epeoplehaveaverypoornof_____1_____(direct).Unluckily,Iamoneofthem.I_____2_____(visit)

aplacemanytimesbutImaystillgetlosttherethenexttime.____3______Iwasalittlegirl,Ineverdaredtoask

udtowalkroundincirclesandhopet歌曲下载免费下载到u盘 hatbychanceIwouldgettotheplaceIwasgoing

to.

Now,Iamnolongertooshy_____4_____(ask)peoplefordirections,butIoftenreceivehelplessorevenwrong

toavoid_女士正装包括哪些衣服 ____5_____(give)neeverasksmetheway

somewhere,Iwouldsay,”Sorry,Iam_____6_____strangerhere.”

Onceonmyway______7____dmeifIcouldtellhimthewaytothe

tasIwalkedononlyafewsteps,Irealized____8______he

r,shingto

meetwithsomeoneatmyofficeandIdidn'ustgottomyoffice,thecretary

showedintheman_____9_____ehowembarrasdIwasandhow

英语

_____10_____(surpri)hewaswhenwesaweachotheratthefirstsight!

五

Iamnowagoodstudentinmyclass．___1___youdon’tknowthatwhenIstartedtolearnniorEnglishin

thebeginning，Ifounditdifficultand小孩的英文 quitedifferentfrom___2_____wehadlearnedinjuniorschool．NowIstill

rememberateacherwhotaughtmeatthattime.___3__teacherisagoodteacherbecaushealwaystriesherbestto

betheonewhoclassaremoreactiveandlivelywithsomestoriesand___4___(example).

_____5_____thehelpofmyteacher,Irealizedthe____6_______(important)ofEnglish，soI

was___7____（determine)hersuggestedthatwe___8_____(read)moreifwewant

toimproveourEnglish,otolduslessons___9(learn)in

classcouldhelpusdealwithexams,butevenmorevaluablewerethelessonslearnedinextra-curricularactivitiesin

yEnglishteacherverymuch．

NowIhavemade10___greatprogressinmyEnglishstudythatIammoreinterestedinlearningitthanbefore．

英语