语义三角

语言学名词解释

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Duality(二元性):eachhumanlanguageisorganizedintotwobasic

yst九月份什么星座 ems:calledthedualityoflanguage.

ativemeaning（内涵意义）:theadditionalmeaningsthatawordoraphrahasbeyond中秋节的诗 itscentralmeaning.

lpair（最小对立体）:Whentwodifferentformsare

identicalineverywayexceptforonesoundgmentthatoccurs

inthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwowordsarecalledminimalpairs.

（词缀）:thecollectivetermforthetypeofformative

thatcanbeudonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme(the

rootorstem).(词缀是一个构词成分的集合,它们只能附加于另一个语

素词根或词干上.)

inguistics（社会语言学）studiestheinteractionbetweenlanguageandthestructureandfunctioningofsociety.

franca（通用语)thegeneraltermforalanguagethat

rvesasameansofcomm骏马图片高清 unicationbetweendifferentgroupsofspeakers.

linguistics（心理语言学）studieshowhumanslearn

languageandtherelationshipoflinguisticbehavoirandthe

psychologicalprocessinproducingandunderstandinglanguage.

oniclinguistics（历时语言学）:Thedescriptionofthehistoricaldevelopmentofalanguageisadiachronicstudy.

ateconstituentanalysis（直接成分分析）isthetechniqueofbreakingupntencesintowordgroupsbymaking

successivebinarycuttingsuntilthelevelo英语作文我的周末 fsinglewordsis

reached.(whenconstituents(uralunits)areconsidered

aspartofthesuccessiveunravelingofantence,theyareknownasitsimmidiateconstituents.)

ism（委婉语）：awordorphrathatreplacesa

taboowordorisudtoavoidreferencetocertainactsorsubjects,roomfortoilet.

（禁忌语）：wordsthatareoffensiveor

embarrassing,consideredinappropriatefor“politesociety”,thustobeavoidedinconversation.

urallinguistics（结构语言学）itisbadonthe

assumptionthatgrammaticalcategories,shouldbedefinedenot

intermsofmeaning,butintermsofdistributionandthatthestructureofeachlanguageshouldbefocudondescription.

ictriangle（语义三角）

OnebestknownexampletoillustratethisviewistheSemanticTriangle.

Thoug安全教案 htorReference(concept)SymbolReferent

(Linguisticelements)(objectintheworld)

logy（形态学）referstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

position（预设）referstotheconditionsthatmust

bemetinorderfortheintendedmeaningofantencetoberegardedasacceptable.

neralization（过分概括）舞会英语 theprocessofextending

theapplicationofaruletoitemsthatareexcludedfromitinthelanguagenorm.

ization（僵化现象）Itisaprocessoccurringfrom

timetotimeinwhichincorrectlinguisticfeaturesbecomea

permanentpartofthewayapersonspeaksorwritesalanguage.

er（语域）Itisatechnicaltermudtodescribea

languagevarietythatisassociatedwithaparticulartopic,the

interpersonalrelationshipbetweenthespeakerandthehearer,

andthespeechchannel.(Itreferstothefunctionalvarietyoflanguagethatisdefinedaccordingtoitsuincontext.)

ncemeaning（话语意义）----referstoantence

becomesanutteranceanditshouldbeconsideredinthe

situationinwhichitisactuallyutteredorud.话语意义是指在句

子意义的基础上，是句子意义在特定语境中的具体化，它体现了水瓶座配对星座 说话

人的意图和目的，它是动态的。

-operativeprinciple（合作原则)theparticipantsina

conversationnormallycommunicateinamaximallyefficient,

ouldspeaksincerely,

relevantlyandclearly,

generalprincipleiscalledtheCooperativePrinciple,abbreviated

asCP.

tionaryact(言外行为)istheactperformedinsayingsomething.

tionalmorpheme（曲折词素）refertothe

morphemeswhichneverchangetheirsyntacticcategorybut

ish,thereare

eightinflectionalmorphemes:“-s(动词第茁壮的近义词 三人称单数）”,“-ed

（动词过去式）”,‘-ing（现在分词）”,“thepastparticiple(-

en)”“-s”(名词复数)“-s’（名词所有格）”,”-er（形容词比较

级）”,“-est（形容词最高级）”.

orpheme（黏着词素）:aboundmo救亡图存 rphemeis

onethatmayappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme,suchas

“-s”in“dogs”,”-al”in“national童声合唱歌曲 ”,“-dis”in“disclo”.

ranscription（宽式标音）:transcriptionwithletter-

symbolsonly（omitsmanyoftheirrelevantandpredictable

detailsofpronunciation）.

sticdeterminism（语言决定论）referstotheideas

thatthelanguageweudeterminesthewayweviewandthinkabouttheworldaroundus.