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2019年上海市黄浦区高考英语一模试卷

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2024年3月19日发(作者：杭雄)

2019年上海市黄浦区高考英语一模试卷

Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below， fill in

the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a

given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other

blanks， u one word that best fits each blank.

1．（10分）

Just How Buggy is Your Phone？

What item in your home crawls with the most germs？ If you say （1） toilet

at， you're wrong． Kitchen sponges top the list． But cell phones are pretty dirty too． They

contain around 10times as many germs as toilet ats． People touch their phones， laptops，

and other digital devices all day long， yet rarely clean them．

In one incident， a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone． He stole it

from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly dia Ebola． The phone's

owner reported the theft before （2）（die）from the dia． Soon， the thief began

showing symptoms and finally（3）（confess）to the crime．

（4） in that unusual ca a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria， not all germs

are bad． Most cau no harm． In fact， they could provide helpful information． Look at the

surface of your phone carefully． Do you e some dirty mars？ "That's all you，" says

microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton﹣Marcell． "That's biological information．"

It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are

different from（5） of your friends and family． They're like a fingerprint that could

identify you． Some day in the future， investigators may u the microbial fingerprints to

solve crimes． Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy

clues．

In a 2017 study， rearchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants' homes，（6）

countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice． Then they tried to match the

microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner． The office equipment was easiest to match

to its owner． In an （7）（early）study， a different group of rearchers found that

they could u microbial fingerprints to identify the person who （8）（u）a computer

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keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature．

One day， microbial signatures might show （9） people have gone and what

they have touched． They could prove （10） an unmarked device is yours． So，

sure， your phone is pretty germy． Does that inspire you， or does it just bother you？

Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each

word can only be ud once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

2．（10分）

A． measurement B． similar C． remarkably D． monetary E． astronomy

F． altered

G． civilization H． defined I． independence J． invariably K． dominated

The Nile

The ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt﹣with some envy﹣as‘the gift

of the Nile'． The Egyptians depend on the river for food， for water and for life． The Ancient

Egyptians were able to control and u the Nile， creating the earliest irrigation systems and

developing a prosperous （1）．

Snaking through the derts， the Nile would flood almost （2） each year in

June． Once the water subsided， a rich deposit of sand was left behind， making an excellent

topaoil． Seeds were sown， yielding wheat， barley， beans， lentils and leeks． Drought

could spell disaster for the Egyptians， so during the dry asons， they dug basins and

channels to deliver water to their land． They also devid simple channels to transfer water at

the peak of the flood．

An early system of （3） a Nilometer， was ud to de determine the size of the

floods． Later， during the New Kingdom， a lifting system called a shaduf was ud to rai

water from the river﹣﹣ （4） to the way in which a well is ud today．

The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions． Without a（n）（5）

system they exchanged goods， bringing back timber， precious stones， pottery， spices and

animals． Their efforts in medicine were also （6） advanced： surgeons performed

operations to remove cysts（囊肿）． Mummification gave them great understanding of the

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human body﹣yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent dia， and

discoveries were often confud with superstition（迷信）． And while a great deal of time was

dedicated to （7） the Egyptians thought the stars were gods．

By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain ized control in

1882． What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won （8） from Britain after World War

Ⅱ． The Suez Canal， opened in 1869，（9） the country as a center for world

transportation． But it， and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 （10）

the ecology of the Nile， which now struggles to satisfy the country's rapidly growing

population， currently more than 76million﹣the largest in the Arab world．

Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages

there are four words or phras marked A， B， C， and D. Fill in each blank with the word

or phra that best fits the context.

3．（15分）

Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty Cities

Water covers 71% of Earth's surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh

water．（1） on this limited resources is rising， a trend likely to continue．

It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who （2）

water． Agriculture， industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water

supply． Globally， 70% of fresh water is （3） for agriculture， but locally in heavily

irrigated（灌溉）areas this can increate to 90%． A healthy environment also requires fresh

water， and the quality of available water is as important as its （4）．

Water stress is not always caud by physical shortages in dry areas．（5） for

water resources between different urs within river catchments or basins can also be a cau．

Every thirsty city operates within its own context，（6） to the challenge of

providing adequate water supplies． Cape Town，（7）， has faced three years of

drought during which winter rains failed to materialize． At the end of the 2017 rainy ason

the city faced the （8） of its dams running dry during 2018． The dams were only

37% full﹣in the same week four years before they were full to the top． In January 2018， it

was （9） that Cape Town would reach Day Zero， when it would be forced to turn off

the taps， in April． This was despite the city reducing its water u by more than half， from

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1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres， and working （10）

with industry and agriculture to reduce demand．

On February 1， the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person

per day．（11）， in Britain this is considered enough for a five﹣minute shower of half

a washing machine cycle on full load．

In addition， a ban was placed on using （12） water for gardens， water

management devices were installed at houhold with a high water u and the water pressure

was reduced to cut demand and leaks． At the same， the city launched a media （13）

to change habits and introduced higher duties． This is not without its costs； agriculture and

tourism， both significant areas of employment， have （14）． It is a classic example

of the problem of water economics﹣the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is

very high．

Cris such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm． The

（15） of Day Zero must rve as a wake﹣up call for cities across the world to

develop cost﹣effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future．

（1）A． Impact

（2）A． recycle

（3）A． restored

（4）A． change

（5）A． Competition

（6）A． contributing

（7）A． in addition

（8）A． prospect

（9）A． reported

B． Pressure

B． waste

B． abstracted

B． source

B． Protection

B． regarding

B． for example

B． illustration

B． prented

C． Impression

C． consume

C． parated

C． origin

C． Construction

C． responding

C． on the contrary

C． symptom

C． predicted

C． restrictively

D． Obrvation

D． apply

D． prerved

D． volume

D． Regulation

D． referring

D． as a result

D． curity

D． explained

D． extensively

D． What's more

D． influential

（10）A． respectively B． increasingly

（11）A． By comparison B． In other words C． To our surpri

（12）A． feasible B． drinkable C． inevitable

第4页（共38页）

（13）A． campaign

（14）A． invaded

（15）A． change

B． statement

B． liberated

B． theory

C． prentation

C． suffered

C． record

D． advertiment

D． proceeded

D． threat

Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by veral

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them. There are four choices marked A， B，

C and D. choo the one that fits best according to the Information given in the passage you

have just read.

4．（8分）Despite an advertiment campaign suggesting wall﹣to﹣wall special effects， "Bridge

of Terabithia" is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy． Adapting Katherine Paterson's

award﹣winning novel， the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a

thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative friendship between two unusually

gifted children． The result is a movie who emotional depth could appeal more to adults than

to their children．

Jess Aarons （Josh Hutcherson） is a sixth grader with four sisters， financially tend

parents and a talent for drawing． An introverted（内向的） kid who is regularly picked on by

the school bus， Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie （Anna Sophia Robb），

a free spirit who parents， both writers， are fondly neglectful． An attraction between

outsiders， their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures； together they create an

imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes， a world they can control and where

their minds can wander free．

Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a

nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the cour of a life， "Bridge to

Terabithia" keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday． Gabor Csupo

directs this， his first feature， like someone clo to the pain of being different， fascinated

in tiny， perfect details．

With strong performances from all the leads， "Bridge to Terabithia" is able to handle

adult topics with nsitivity． As the emotional landscape darkens， tho who haven't read the

book may be surprid at the sorrow the filmmakers cau without ever resorting to horror or

terror． In other words， your children may cry， but they won't be traumatized so badly．

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Consistently smart and delicate as a spider web， "Bridge to Terabithia" is the kind of

children's movie rarely en nowadays． At a time when many public schools are being forced

to cut music and art from the curriculum， the story's insistence on the healing power of a

cultivated imagination is both welcome and esntial．

（1）The cond paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie ．

A． lost their control over the imaginary kingdom

B． looked down on their individual realities

C． formed a good friendship despite their different talents

D． wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia

（2）Which of the following words is most likely to replace "traumatized" （paragraph 4）？

A． criticized

B． ignored

C． delighted

D． shocked

（3）The two children most likely ．

A． skipped school to play in the woods behind their campus

B． created an imaginary world as an escape from reality

C． disappointed their parents with their over﹣active imaginations

D． won against the bullies at school with strong performances

（4）Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with？

A． The fantasy components of the movie were too over﹣done．

B． The movie is motional but not much too dramatic．

C． "Bridge to Terabithia" has a negative impact on public school education．

D． Children shouldn't watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics．

5．（6分）

Hot Air Balloons

第6页（共38页）

A hot air

balloon is

made up of 3

main parts：

The Envelope

The actual

fabric balloon

which holds

the air．

The Burner

The unit which

pushes the heat

up into the

envelope

The Basket

Where the

pasngers and

pilot stand

The basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air ris in cooler air． This is becau hot

air is lighter than cool air as it has less mass per unit of volume． Mass can be defined by the

measure of how much matter something contains． The actual balloon has to be large as it

takes a large amount of heated air to lift it off the ground．

The burner us propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the

ground and into the air． The pilot must keep firing the burner at regular intervals throughout

the flight to ensure that the balloon continues to the stable． Naturally， the hot air will not

escape from the hot at the very bottom of the envelop as firstly， hot air ris and condly，

the floating power keeps it moving up．

To move the balloon upwards， the pilot opens up the propane value which lets the

propane flow to the burner which in turn frees the flame up into the envelope． It works in

第7页（共38页）

much the same way as a gas grill： the more you open the valve， the bigger the flame to beat

the air and the faster the balloon ris．

The "Parachute Valve" at the very top of the balloon is what is ud to bring the balloon

down towards the ground． It is a circle of fabric cut out of the top of the envelop which is

controlled by a rope which runs down through the middle of the envelope to the basket． If the

pilot wants to bring the balloon down， he or she simply pulls on the rope which will open the

valve， letting hot air escape， decreasing the inner air temperature． This cooling of air caus

the balloon to slow its ri．

The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon becau

the wind blows in different directions at different altitudes． If the pilot wants to move in a

particular direction， he or she simply aris and falls to the appropriate level and rides with

the wind．

（1）The purpo of this article is to ．

A． explain how hot air balloons work

B． illustrate why hot air balloons are uful

C． describe hot air balloons' structure

D． inform readers about how hot air balloons are made

（2）What would happen if the "Parachute Valve" could not be relead after it was opened？

A． The inside of the balloon would continue to heat up．

B． The balloon would climb up more rapidly

C． The lf﹣aling valve would need to take over the role of the Parachute Valve．

D． The balloon would begin to move down more rapidly．

（3）Which of the following skills or knowledge would be the most uful to a balloon pilot？

A． The ability to w the panels of fabric together to make a balloon．

B． An understanding of how propane gas is manufactured．

C． A knowledge of the background of pasngers who are travelling in the balloon．

D． A knowledge of air currents and wind directions in the area where he is piloting the

balloon．

6．（8分）The surface of Venus has never emed very hospitable． Temperatures change around

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470°C（900°F）， the result of a runway greenhou effect， and the pressure of its

atmosphere， thick with carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid（硫酸）， is some 90times that of

Earth's． Lead（铅） would flow like water on Venus， and water cannot have existed in liquid

form for perhaps a billion years．

Now NASA'S Magellan spacecraft ems to have found one more horror in the nasty

landscape： active volcanoes． Last week the space agency relead the first detailed map of

Venus and the most dramatic images ever made of its surface． The picture offer the best

evidence to date that a planet once assumed dead is actually a lively pot of geological change．

The most amazing image is of Venus's cond tallest mountain， Maat Mons， which ris

8km（5miles）． Most of the planet's many peaks， including 9.5﹣km﹣（6﹣mile﹣） high

Maxwell Montes， look bright in the radar pictures Magellan takes from its orbit above the

permanent could cover． That means they are strong reflectors of radar waves． But Maat

Mons is dark； like the Stealth bomber， it absorbs much of the radar falling on it．

This interesting fact， say project scientists， is a strong hint that the mountains has

recently been covered with lava（熔岩）． Rock that sits on the surface of mountaintops appears

to weather quickly in the hot ， chemically reactive atmosphere， creating a soil that is rich in

iron sulfide（硫化铁）． It is this mineral， the scientists believe， that can easily be en on

radar． If Maat Mons doesn't have any， it has probably been resurfaced， perhaps within the

past few years．

Such resurfacing has undoubtedly taken place in Venus lowlands： earlier images of the

planet showed vast areas that are remarkably free of craters（火山坑）． That would be easy to

explain on a Planet like Earth， where cratering from meteor strikes is erad by steady

erosion． But while there is some evidence of wind erosion on Venus， the best explanation for

the lack of cratering is periodic lava flow． Magellan has found direct evidence of such flows，

including domelike upwellings and hardened streamed of rock trailing down the sides of

Venusian peaks． There are also signs of other geologic activities， including dramatic faulting

and veral distinct incidents of mountain building． But the evidence can't indicate whether

they really occurred millions of years ago． The ca for active Venusian volcanoes is not yet

proved， but Magellan， which is now well into its cond complete survey of the planet's

surface， may eventually ttle the issue．

第9页（共38页）

（1）Which of the following has NO possibility to be found on Venus now？

A． Carbon dioxide

B． Sulfuric acid

C． Liquid water

D． Active volcanoes

（2）The scientists believe that shows up easily on radar．

A． geological change

B． iron sulfide

C． mountain mineral

D． lava flow

（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？

A． The resurfacing has changed the images of the vast areas in Venus lowlands．

B． The wind erosion on Venus is caud by periodic lava flows

C． Streams of rock trailing down the side of Venusian peaks can be en on Earth

D． Other geologic activities have caud dramatic and unbelievable climate phenomenon．

（4）What can be inferred from the passage？

A． NASA'S Magallan spacecraft fails to stand the environment of Venus．

B． There is clear and confirmed evidence for the active Venusian volcanoes on Venus．

C． Some evidence of periodic lava flows has been found by NASA astronauts．

D． Magellan will conduct a follow﹣up complete survey of the Venus' surface．

Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper ntences

given in the box. Each ntence can be ud only once. Note that there are two more

ntences than you need.

7．（8分）

A． However， facial recognition ems merely to encode them．

B． Rearch show that artificial intelligence can reconstruct the facial structures of people．

C． Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial﹣recognition programs to u．

D． Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces．

第10页（共38页）

E． Continuous facial recording that paints computerized data onto the real world might

change the texture of social interactions．

F． The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is crucial

to the formation of complex societies．

Nowhere To Hide： What Machines Can Tell From Your Face

The human face is a remarkable piece of work．（1）． So is the face's ability

to nd emotional signals， whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a fal

smile． People spend much of their waking lives， in the office and the courtroom as well as

the bar and the bedroom， reading faces， for signs of attraction， hostility， trust and

deceit． They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings， intentions or nature．

（2）．In America facial recognition is ud by churches to track worshippers'

attendance； in Britain， by retailers to spot past shoplifters． This year Welsh police ud it

to arrest a suspect outside a football game． In China it confirms the identities of ride﹣hailing

drivers， permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a

smile． Apple's new iPhone is expected to u it to unlock the homescreen

Set against human skills， such applications might em enhancive． Some

breakthroughs， such as flight or the internet， obviously transform human

abilities．（3）．Although faces are peculiar to individuals， they are also public， so

technology does not， at first sight， intrude on something that is private． And yet the ability

to record， store and analy images of faces cheaply， quickly and on a vast scale promis

one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy， fairness and trust．

（4）．Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life． If your partner

can spot every prohibited yawn， and your boss every hint of annoyance， marriages and

working relationships will be more truthful， but less harmonious． The basis of social

interactions might change， too， from a t of commitments founded on trust to calculations

of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone's

face． Relationships might become more reasonable， but also transactional．

IV. Summary Writing

8．（20分）Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point第11页（共38页）

（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． U your own words as far as possible．

Sport Tourism

Tourism is the world's largest industry and is predicted to grow well into the years to

come． Increasingly， the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by

governments around the world． At the same time， the tourism industry has become more

complicated in its development and marketing new forms of tourism． One of the fastest

growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sport and physical activity． A recent

survey found that while the traditional beach and sight﹣eing vacations continue to

predominate， 22% of tho surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were

important when lecting a vacation．

The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport﹣related leisure

travel． It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism． The

first category． Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events

such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships， and the Olympic games． Tournament

sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of

the spectator﹣centered ctor of sport tourism．

The cond type of sport tourism， celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting

famous sports﹣related attractions． Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this

category． Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent

years is meeting famous sports personalities． The crui industry has been experienced in this

area． Sports theme crui such as "the NBA basketball crui" arrange for pasngers to meet

personalities from sports while on board．

Active participation is the third category of sports tourism． This is compod of

individuals who travel to participate in golf， skiing， and tennis in particular， although other

sports such as fishing， and scuba diving are popular in the US．

V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following ntences into English， using the words

given in the brackets.

9．（3分）很多人对他们的潜能一无所知．（ignorant）

10．（4分）这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任．（extent）

11．（4分）自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平，同各国人民友好相处．（long for）

第12页（共38页）

12．（4分）青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究，也值得整个社会群策群力，共商对策．（which）

VI. Guided Writing

13．（20分）Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the

instructions given below in Chine．

假设你是明启中学高三学生卢平，你的网友王磊近日就学习时如何记好笔记发邮件向你求教，请给他回复一封电子邮件，邮件必须包括以下内容：

●描述两到三个不同的笔记类型及其特征

●如何记好笔记的建议

（注意：中文请不要出现真实的校名人名）

第13页（共38页）

2019年上海市黄浦区高考英语一模试卷

参考答案与试题解析

Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below， fill in

the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a

given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other

blanks， u one word that best fits each blank.

1．（10分）

Just How Buggy is Your Phone？

What item in your home crawls with the most germs？ If you say （1） the toilet

at， you're wrong． Kitchen sponges top the list． But cell phones are pretty dirty too． They

contain around 10times as many germs as toilet ats． People touch their phones， laptops，

and other digital devices all day long， yet rarely clean them．

In one incident， a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone． He stole it

from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly dia Ebola． The phone's

owner reported the theft before （2） dying （die）from the dia． Soon， the thief began

showing symptoms and finally（3） confesd （confess）to the crime．

（4） Although/Though in that unusual ca a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria，

not all germs are bad． Most cau no harm． In fact， they could provide helpful

information． Look at the surface of your phone carefully． Do you e some dirty mars？

"That's all you，" says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton﹣Marcell． "That's biological

information．"

It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are

different from（5） tho of your friends and family． They're like a fingerprint that could

identify you． Some day in the future， investigators may u the microbial fingerprints to

solve crimes． Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy

clues．

In a 2017 study， rearchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants' homes，（6）

from countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice． Then they tried to match the

第14页（共38页）

microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner． The office equipment was easiest to match

to its owner． In an （7） earlier （early）study， a different group of rearchers found

that they could u microbial fingerprints to identify the person who （8） had ud （u）a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room

temperature．

One day， microbial signatures might show （9） where people have gone and what

they have touched． They could prove （10） that an unmarked device is yours． So，

sure， your phone is pretty germy． Does that inspire you， or does it just bother you？

【考点】N1：语法结构．

【分析】本文为科普说明文，文章介绍了手机携带大量的细菌，给人们的身体健康带来安全隐患．另一方面，手机上携带的生物识别信息，如指纹之类的，可能会泄露使用者的私人信息．

【解答】1． the．考查冠词．此空属于纯空格题，考查冠词、介词、代词、连词．空格后的toilet at为单数可数名词形式，故前面需填入一个定冠词the，指代这一类事物．句意：如果你说马桶座圈，那你就错了．故填the．

2． dying．考查非谓语doing．所给提示词die为动词，死亡．根据空格前的before可知，此空考查介词+doing的结构．die的现在分词形式为dying．句意：手机的主人在死于这种疾病之前报告了这起盗窃案．故填dying．

3． confesd．考查一般过去时．所给提示词confess为动词，承认；坦白；忏悔；供认．根据空格前的and可知，此空的confess与前文的began一同构成并列谓语，作并列谓语的两个动词在时态人称上保持一致，began为begin的一般过去时，故confess也要用一般过去时．句意：不久，小偷开始显露出病症，最后他供认了罪行．故填confesd．

4． Although/Though．考查连词．根据句意：在这种不寻常的情况下，手机携带危险的细菌，但并不是所有的细菌都是坏的．前后两句之间为转折关系，且此空位于句首．although意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），用来引导让步状语从句．它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and，so等连用，但可以和yet，still等词连用．故填Although/Though．

5． tho．考查指示代词．句意：事实证明，你在手机或平板电脑上接触到的细菌类型与你和朋友、家人接触时的细菌不同．此空需填入一个代词，指代前文提到的the types of

germs．tho是that的复数形式，指代前文提到的复数名词，即同类型的不同事物．故填tho．

第15页（共38页）

6． from．考查介词．根据后文的to可知，此处考查介词词组from……to……，从……到……．句意：在2017年的一项研究中，研究人员在22名参与者的家中采样了一系列物体表面的细菌，从厨房台面、地板到电脑键盘和鼠标．故填from．

7． earlier．考查形容词的比较级．early为形容词，早期的；早熟的．根据句意：在一项更早期的研究中．此处考查形容词的比较级，原级以"辅音字母+y"结尾，则将y改为i，再加﹣er和﹣est．故填earlier．

8． had ud．考查过去完成时．u为动词，使用、利用．动词多数考查其时态和非谓语．此空的u充当定语从句who （8）（u）a computer keyboard的谓语．该定语从句用来修饰前文提高的the person．前文的主句a different group of rearchers found 采用的是一般过去时，故而整个句子的时态应该用过去时．而u这一动作明显发生于谓语found和could u之前，存在明显的先后关系．故采用过去完成时，过去完成时代表着在过去的某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，也就是说，如果一个动作发生在过去的过去，就可以用过去完成时．过去完成时的基本结构是"had+动词的过去分词"．句意：另一组研究人员发现，他们可以利用微生物指纹来识别使用过电脑键盘的人，即使键盘在室温下已经两周没动过了．故填had ud．

9．where．考查宾语从句．people have gone 为谓语show的宾语从句，在此从句中，主语为people，谓语为have gone，go为不及物动词，此宾语从句的句子结构为"主语+谓语"型，句子结构完整．根据句意：微生物的特征可能显示出人们去了哪里，接触了什么．宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where充当从句的地点状语，同时引导从句．故填where．

10． that．考查宾语从句．an unmarked device is yours为谓语prove的宾语从句，在此从句中，an unmarked device充当句子的主语，is为系动词，yours充当表语，从句为"主语+系动词+表语"的结构，句子结构完整，用that引导宾语从句．that引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实，that本身无词义，在从句中不作任何成分．根据句意：他们可以证明一个没有标记的装置是你的．故填that．

【点评】做题时，先通读全文，掌握文章的主义大意，再结合每一句话的语法结构进行分析．

Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each

word can only be ud once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

2．（10分）

第16页（共38页）

A． measurement B． similar C． remarkably D． monetary E． astronomy

F． altered

G． civilization H． defined I． independence J． invariably K． dominated

The Nile

The ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt﹣with some envy﹣as‘the gift

of the Nile'． The Egyptians depend on the river for food， for water and for life． The Ancient

Egyptians were able to control and u the Nile， creating the earliest irrigation systems and

developing a prosperous （1） G． civilization ．

Snaking through the derts， the Nile would flood almost （2） J． invariably each

year in June． Once the water subsided， a rich deposit of sand was left behind， making an

excellent topaoil． Seeds were sown， yielding wheat， barley， beans， lentils and

leeks． Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians， so during the dry asons， they dug

basins and channels to deliver water to their land． They also devid simple channels to

transfer water at the peak of the flood．

An early system of （3） A． measurement a Nilometer， was ud to de determine

the size of the floods． Later， during the New Kingdom， a lifting system called a shaduf was

ud to rai water from the river﹣﹣ （4） B． similar to the way in which a well is ud

today．

The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions． Without a（n）（5）

D． monetary system they exchanged goods， bringing back timber， precious stones，

pottery， spices and animals． Their efforts in medicine were also （6） C． remarkably

advanced： surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）． Mummification gave

them great understanding of the human body﹣yet they also relied heavily on various

medicines to prevent dia， and discoveries were often confud with superstition（迷信）． And while a great deal of time was dedicated to （7） E． astronomy the Egyptians

thought the stars were gods．

By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain ized control in

1882． What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won （8） I． independence from Britain

第17页（共38页）

after World War Ⅱ． The Suez Canal， opened in 1869，（9） H． defined the country

as a center for world transportation． But it， and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in

1971 （10） F． altered the ecology of the Nile， which now struggles to satisfy the

country's rapidly growing population， currently more than 76million﹣the largest in the Arab

world．

【考点】N8：选词填空．

【分析】本文主要讲述了非洲尼罗河对古埃及的发展带来了文明和繁荣．

【解答】答案：1﹣5GJABD6﹣10CEIHF

1．G．考查名词．根据句意可知，古埃及人能够控制和利用尼罗河，创造了最早的灌溉系统，发展了繁荣的文明． civilization 文明，故选G．

2．J．考查副词．根据句意可知，尼罗河蜿蜒穿过沙漠，每年六月几乎都会洪水泛滥． invariably 不变地，故选J．

3．A．考查名词．根据句意可知，早期的一种测量系统﹣﹣尼洛计被用来测量洪水的大小．measurement 测量，故选A．

4．B．考查形容词．根据句意可知，后来，在新王国时期，一种称为shaduf的提升系统被用来从河中提水，类似于现在的井的使用方式．similar 相似的，故选B．

5．D．考查形容词．根据句意可知，埃及人承担了一些最早的贸易任务，没有货币体系，他们交换货物，带回木材、宝石、陶器、香料和动物．monetary货币的，故选D．

6．C．考查副词．根据句意可知，他们在医学上的努力也取得了显著进展：外科医生进行了切除囊肿的手术． remarkably 显著地，故选C．

7．E．考查名词．根据句意可知，虽然大量的时间都用于天文学，但埃及人认为星星是神．astronomy 天文学，故选E．

8．I．考查名词．根据句意可知，现在大部分是阿拉伯语的埃及在第二次世界大战后才从英国独立出来． independence 独立，故选I．

9．H．考查动词．根据句意可知，苏伊士运河于1869年开通，它将苏伊士运河定义为世界交通中心．defined定义，故选H．

10．F．考查动词．根据句意可知，但是，1971年阿斯旺大坝的建成改变了尼罗河的生态，尼罗河现在正努力满足该国快速增长的人口，目前超过7600万，是阿拉伯世界最大的人口． altered改变，故选F．

【点评】根据所选词语，结合文章内容，综合考虑词语语法，固定搭配等，选择最佳答第18页（共38页）

案．

Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages

there are four words or phras marked A， B， C， and D. Fill in each blank with the word

or phra that best fits the context.

3．（15分）

Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty Cities

Water covers 71% of Earth's surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh

water．（1） B on this limited resources is rising， a trend likely to continue．

It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who （2） C

water． Agriculture， industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water

supply． Globally， 70% of fresh water is （3） B for agriculture， but locally in heavily

irrigated（灌溉）areas this can increate to 90%． A healthy environment also requires fresh

water， and the quality of available water is as important as its （4） D ．

Water stress is not always caud by physical shortages in dry areas．（5） A for water

resources between different urs within river catchments or basins can also be a cau．

Every thirsty city operates within its own context，（6） C to the challenge of

providing adequate water supplies． Cape Town，（7） B ， has faced three years of drought

during which winter rains failed to materialize． At the end of the 2017 rainy ason the city

faced the （8） A of its dams running dry during 2018． The dams were only 37% full﹣in the same week four years before they were full to the top． In January 2018， it was （9）

C that Cape Town would reach Day Zero， when it would be forced to turn off the taps， in

April． This was despite the city reducing its water u by more than half， from 1.2 billion

litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres， and working （10） D with industry

and agriculture to reduce demand．

On February 1， the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person

per day．（11） A ， in Britain this is considered enough for a five﹣minute shower of half

a washing machine cycle on full load．

In addition， a ban was placed on using （12） B water for gardens， water

management devices were installed at houhold with a high water u and the water pressure

was reduced to cut demand and leaks． At the same， the city launched a media （13） A

第19页（共38页）

to change habits and introduced higher duties． This is not without its costs； agriculture and

tourism， both significant areas of employment， have （14） C ． It is a classic example

of the problem of water economics﹣the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is

very high．

Cris such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm． The

（15） D of Day Zero must rve as a wake﹣up call for cities across the world to develop

cost﹣effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future．

（1）A． Impact

（2）A． recycle

（3）A． restored

（4）A． change

（5）A． Competition

（6）A． contributing

（7）A． in addition

（8）A． prospect

（9）A． reported

B． Pressure

B． waste

B． abstracted

B． source

B． Protection

B． regarding

B． for example

B． illustration

B． prented

C． Impression

C． consume

C． parated

C． origin

C． Construction

C． responding

C． on the contrary

C． symptom

C． predicted

C． restrictively

D． Obrvation

D． apply

D． prerved

D． volume

D． Regulation

D． referring

D． as a result

D． curity

D． explained

D． extensively

D． What's more

D． influential

D． advertiment

D． proceeded

D． threat

（10）A． respectively B． increasingly

（11）A． By comparison B． In other words C． To our surpri

（12）A． feasible

（13）A． campaign

（14）A． invaded

（15）A． change

B． drinkable

B． statement

B． liberated

B． theory

C． inevitable

C． prentation

C． suffered

C． record

【考点】M2：社会文化．

【分析】这是一篇说明文．作者通过开普敦缺水以及所采取的措施告诉我们，有限的淡水资源成本很低，但是缺水的成本非常高，呼吁世界各地的城市制定具有成本效益的水资源管理战略，以应对不确定的未来．

【解答】（1）﹣﹣（5）BCBDA （6）﹣﹣﹣（10）CBACD （11）﹣﹣﹣（15）第20页（共38页）

ABACD

（1）．B．考查名词及语境理解．A． Impact影响； B． Pressure压力； C． Impression印象； D． Obrvation观察．句意：对这一有限资源的压力正在增加，这一趋势可能继续下去．由下文可知，农业，工业，旅游业，城市居民都需要用大量的水，所以对于这有限的水资源的压力正在增加．故选B．

（2）．C．考查动词及语境理解．A． recycle使再循环； B． waste浪费； C． consume消耗； D． apply应用．句意：重要的是要认识到，用水的不仅仅是城市居民．城市居民用水，就是在消耗水资源．故选C．

（3）．B．考查动词及语境理解．A． restored恢复； B． abstracted提取； C． parated分开； D． prerved维护．句意：在全球范围内， 70%的淡水被提取用于农业，但是在灌溉量大的地区，这一比例会增加到90%．2%的淡水中的70%的水量被分配给了农业．故选B．

（4）．D．考查名词及语境理解．A． change改变； B． source源头； C． origin起源； D． volume容量．句意：健康的环境也需要淡水，可用水的质量和水量一样重要．由"quality" 可知，这里在把水的质量和数量进行同级比较．所以"quality对应词为volume．故选D．

（5）．A．考查名词及语境理解．A． Competition竞争； B． Protection保护；

C． Construction建设； D． Regulation规则．句意：河流集水区或流域内不同用户之间对水资源的竞争也是一个原因．由"Water stressis not always caud by physical

shortages in dry areas'可知，短文在说明缺水的不总是自然原因造成的，还有人为之间的竞争造成的．故选A．

（6）．C．考查动词及语境理解．A． contributing捐助； B． regarding认为； C． responding回应； D． referring提及．句意：每个缺水的城市都在自己的环境中运作，应对提供充足供水的挑战．由句意可知，每个缺水的城市都在运作自己城市的水资源分配，以此来应对能够向生活中的各个方面提供充足水的挑战．故选C．

（7）．B．考查介词短语辨析．A． in addition除此之外； B． for example例如； C． on

the contrary相反地； D． as a result因此．句意：例如，开普敦经历了三年的干旱，在此期间，冬季降雨没有出现．作者举例具有典型性的城市作为说明．故选B．

（8）．A．考查名词及语境理解．A． prospect前景，； B． illustration说明； C． symptom第21页（共38页）

症状； D． curity安全．句意：2017年雨季结束时，这座城市面临着大坝在2018年干涸的前景．由"The dams were only 37%full"可知，大坝的水位只有37%．所以大坝的前景不容乐观，在2018年具有干涸的可能性．故选A．

（9）．C．考查动词及语境理解．A． reported报道； B． prented提出； C． predicted预测； D． explained解释．句意：2018年1月，据预测开普敦将在4月份达到"零日"，届时它将被迫关闭水龙头．由"in Apri"可知，4月份是个将来的时间，所以所发生的事情都是在预测．故选C．

（10）．D．考查副词及语境理解．A． respectively各自地； B． increasingly逐渐地；

C． restrictively限制地； D．extensively广泛地．句意：该市的用水量减少了一半以上，从2015年的每天12亿升降至不到6亿升，并与工业和农业广泛合作以减少对水的需求．由句意可知，该市的用水量减少了一半以上，所以要在农业和工业的各个领域进行合作，目的是减少它们对水的需求量．故选D．

（11）．A．考查介词短语及语境理解．A． By comparison比较； B． In other words换句话说； C． To our surpri令我们惊讶的是； D． What's more况且．句意：相比之下，在英国，这被认为足够在满负荷的情况下进行五分钟的淋浴，让洗衣机运转半个周期．将英国和开普敦进行比较．故选A．

（12）．B．考查形容词及语境理解．A． feasible可行的； B． drinkable可饮用的；

C． inevitable不可避免的； D．infuential有影响的．句意：此外，还禁止将饮用水用于花园．由前文可知，城市的用水量减少了一半以上，可见淡水资源短缺严重，更不允许将饮用水用于浇灌花园．故选B．

（13）．A．考查名词及语境理解．A． campaign战役； B． statement阐述； C． prentation展示； D．advertiment广告．句意：此同时，该市发起了﹣场媒体运动，以改变人们的习惯．城市通过媒体运动的力量，以此来改变人们的习惯．故选A．

（14）．C．考查动词及语境理解．A． invaded侵略； B． liberated解放； C． suffered遭受； D． proceeded行进．句意：农业和旅游业这两个重要的就业领域受到了损害．由"This is not without its costs 可知，这并非没有代价，所以判断出农业和旅游业这两个重要的就业领域受到了损害．故选C．

（15）．D．考查名词及语境理解．A． change改变； B． theory理论； C． record记录； D． threat威胁．句意：零日"的威胁必须敲响警钟，呼吁世界各地的城市制定成本效益高的水资源管理战略，以应对不确定的未来．由前文"Cris"可知，缺水对人们来第22页（共38页）

说已经是危机，威胁着正常的生产和生活．故选D．

【点评】完形填空解题技巧一、研读首尾﹣﹣抓主题

一般来说，很多文章会按照"总﹣分﹣总"的思路来写．首先提出主题，接着对主题进行分析、叙述，最后进行归纳、总结，得出结论或提出建议．因此，一般根据文章的首句及尾句就能抓住文章的主题．但是，主题句不总是在文章的开头，有时在文中，有时在文尾，因此，考生在做题时一方面要快速通读全文，另一方面应注意连接词，如but，however，yet，though，therefore，otherwi等，它们的前面一句或后面一句就有可能是主题句．考生抓住了主题，就等于掌握了整篇文章，就可根据主题顺藤摸瓜选出正确答案．

完形填空解题技巧二、上下联系﹣﹣寻信息

文章中，句与句之间、段与段之间紧密相连、浑然一体．因此，完形填空中经常会出现前面的信息为后面的空白提供暗示，而后面的信息有可能是前面空白的答案的情况．这时，考生切不可死盯空白不放，而要联系上下文，寻求信息以确定答案．

完形填空解题技巧三、左顾右盼﹣﹣找搭配

英语中，有些单词词义相近，而句型结构及跟其他词的搭配却截然不同．考生不能单从词义上去辨析，而应审查空白前后的名词、动词、介词或非谓语动词等，比较与各选项的搭配关系，然后确定答案．

完形填空解题技巧四、思前想后﹣﹣觅逻辑

逻辑是作者的行文方式，主要包括并列、转折、条件、因果、递进、让步等．它们之间有的通过连接词来表达，关系非常明显；有的隐含在句与句之中，关系比较隐晦．考生应该根据前后信息进行思考，拨开迷雾，准确理解上下文间的逻辑关系．

完形填空解题技巧五、语境分析﹣﹣辨词义

词不离句，句不离篇．考生做完形填空时必须从句子的语境出发，根据文章的中心、上下文的意思，确定空白处的意思，然后选出合乎语境的单词．

完形填空解题技巧六、集中精力﹣﹣破难题

每篇完形填空20道题，其中有2～4道题的难度较大，考生可能在短时间内很难确定答案．此时，考生应该在完成全文后，集中精力，对其进行分析、综合，作出决定．必要时，大胆相信第一感觉．

Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by veral

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them. There are four choices marked A， B，

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C and D. choo the one that fits best according to the Information given in the passage you

have just read.

4．（8分）Despite an advertiment campaign suggesting wall﹣to﹣wall special effects， "Bridge

of Terabithia" is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy． Adapting Katherine Paterson's

award﹣winning novel， the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a

thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative friendship between two unusually

gifted children． The result is a movie who emotional depth could appeal more to adults than

to their children．

Jess Aarons （Josh Hutcherson） is a sixth grader with four sisters， financially tend

parents and a talent for drawing． An introverted（内向的） kid who is regularly picked on by

the school bus， Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie （Anna Sophia Robb），

a free spirit who parents， both writers， are fondly neglectful． An attraction between

outsiders， their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures； together they create an

imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes， a world they can control and where

their minds can wander free．

Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a

nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the cour of a life， "Bridge to

Terabithia" keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday． Gabor Csupo

directs this， his first feature， like someone clo to the pain of being different， fascinated

in tiny， perfect details．

With strong performances from all the leads， "Bridge to Terabithia" is able to handle

adult topics with nsitivity． As the emotional landscape darkens， tho who haven't read the

book may be surprid at the sorrow the filmmakers cau without ever resorting to horror or

terror． In other words， your children may cry， but they won't be traumatized so badly．

Consistently smart and delicate as a spider web， "Bridge to Terabithia" is the kind of

children's movie rarely en nowadays． At a time when many public schools are being forced

to cut music and art from the curriculum， the story's insistence on the healing power of a

cultivated imagination is both welcome and esntial．

（1）The cond paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie C ．

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A． lost their control over the imaginary kingdom

B． looked down on their individual realities

C． formed a good friendship despite their different talents

D． wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia

（2）Which of the following words is most likely to replace "traumatized" （paragraph 4）？

A． criticized

B． ignored

C． delighted

D． shocked

（3）The two children most likely B ．

A． skipped school to play in the woods behind their campus

B． created an imaginary world as an escape from reality

C． disappointed their parents with their over﹣active imaginations

D． won against the bullies at school with strong performances

（4）Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with？ B

A． The fantasy components of the movie were too over﹣done．

B． The movie is motional but not much too dramatic．

C． "Bridge to Terabithia" has a negative impact on public school education．

D． Children shouldn't watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics．

【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读．

【分析】本文主要讲述了《通往特拉比西亚的桥》中的Jess and Leslie两个孩子由于各自的才能的吸引而走在一起，他们创造了自己的想象空间，

【解答】答案：1﹣4CDBB

1．C．细节理解题．根据第二段大意可知，ess Aarons（Josh Hutcherson）是一名六年级学生，有四个姐妹，父母经济紧张，有绘画天赋．Jess是一个内向的（内向的）孩子，经常被校车选中，他与一个名叫Leslie（Anna Sophia Robb）的新学生形成了一种纽带，一个自由的精神，他的父母，两位作家，都被亲切地否定了．他们的友谊是外来者之间的一种吸引，以她的话和他的照片为食．由此可见，第二段表明，尽管杰西和莱斯利有着不同的才能，但他们还是形成了良好的友谊．故选C．

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2．D．词义猜测题．根据文章第四段 As the emotional landscape darkens， tho who haven't

read the book may be surprid at the sorrow the filmmakers cau without ever resorting to

horror or terror． In other words， your children may cry， but they won't be traumatized so

badly．可知当情感的风景变暗时，那些没有读过这本书的人可能会惊讶于电影制片人在没有诉诸恐怖或恐惧的情况下所造成的悲伤．换句话说，你的孩子可能会哭，但他们不会受到如此严重的创伤．由此可见，traumatized受创伤的，故选D．

3．B．细节理解题．根据文章第二段 together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods

behind their homes， a world they can control and where their minds can wander free．可知他们一起在家后面的树林里创造了一个想象的王国，一个他们可以控制的世界，一个他们可以自由漫步的世界．由此可见，这两个孩子很可能创造了一个假想的世界来逃避现实．故选B．

4．B．推理判断题．根据倒数第二段内容可知，《通往特拉比西亚的桥》的演出各方面都很出色，能够敏感地处理成年人的话题．随着感情的加深，那些没有读过这本书的人可能会对电影制片人在没有诉诸恐怖或恐怖的情况下所造成的悲伤感到惊讶．换句话说，你的孩子可能会哭，但他们不会哭．伤得很重．由此可见，这部电影动情，但不太戏剧化．故选B．

【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．

5．（6分）

Hot Air Balloons

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