2021年6月英语四级真题及参考答案完整版

2024年3月9日发(作者：鲁斐然)

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2021年6月英语四级真题及参考答案完整版

四六级试卷采用多题多卷形式，大家核对答案时，请找具体选项内容，忽略套数。

注：对题目和选项内容，不要纠结套数、ABCD顺序的问题

无忧考网搜集整理了各个版本(有文字也有图片，图片可以自由拉伸)，仅供大家参考。

网络综合版：

听力

NEWS 1

And finally in tonight's news, a nine-year-old boy named Joe told not to draw

in class wins a job decorating a restaurant with his drawings rather than

shutting down the habit of drawing in his school's workbook.

(1) Joe's parents decided to encourage his creativity by nding their son

to an after-school art class. His teacher recognized Joe's talent and posted

all his work online, which led to something pretty wonderful. (2) A

restaurant named Number 4 in Newcastle contacted Joe's teachers to ask if

the nine-year-old could come and decorated the dining room with his

drawings. Every day after school, Joe's dad drives him to theOY restaurant,

so he can put his ideas straight on the wall.

Once he's all done, the work will remain there permanently. Joe's dad says,

Joe is a really talented little boy. He's excellent at school. He's great at

football, but drawing is definitely what he is most passionate about.

Q1. What did Joe's parents decide to do?

Q2. what did the restaurant, Number 4, do?

NEWS 2

Christine Marshall, a-34-year-old mum of one posted a tearful video on social

media, Wednesday, begging for the safe return of her beloved pet dog. After

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combing through the curity video outside a global’s shop, (3) Christine

has now posted an image of a man suspected of stealing the dog. The image

appears to show a man carrying the dog in his arms.

Christine also believes the video obtained from the shop shows the dog being

stolen by a man before driving off in a car, which had been waiting nearby.

(4) The family is now offering a 5,000 pound reward for the safe return of

the dog after launching a social media campaign to find the thief, the dog

is six and a half years old and was last en wearing a red collar.

Christine said “We will pay that to anyone who brings him home, as long as

they are not responsible for his disappearance, plea on investigating the

incident”.

Q3 What is Christine Marshall trying to do?

Q4 What does the news report say about Christine Marshall's family?

NEWS 3

London's eggs and bread cafe offers a boiled eggs, toast, jam, and bacon, as

well as tea, coffee, and orange juice. But at the end of the meal, customers

don't have to worry about the bill. Hungry customers can pay whatever amount

they can afford to eat at the cafe or nothing at all. (5) Owner Guy Wilson

says his cafe aims to build community rather than profits. He wants to provide

a bridge for people to connectWANGYI in an area that has been divided by class

and wealth, by providing affordable breakfast. (6) The cafe is open in the

mornings every day of the year. And has two members of staff or supervisors

on shift every day. The cafe doesn't u volunteers, but pays its staff to

ensure consistency in its rvice. It doesn't take donations and doesn't want

to be en as a charity. Mr. Wilson says when people start to know other people

around them, (7) they realize they're not that different and whatever their

financial background or their educational background, most people will have

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something in common with each other. He says it's important that his cafe can

offer his customers curity and permanence

Q5 What does Guy Wilson say his cafe aims to do?

Q6 What does the news report say about eggs and bread cafe?

Q7 What happens when people start to know each other according to Guy Wilson?

CONVERSATION 1

M: So what time do you think we should have the party on Saturday?

W: How about inviting people to come at 6:00 PM then we'll have the afternoon

to prepare food and drink and stuff like that?

M: Yes. I was thinking that around six would be good too. What food should

we provide?

W: Well, I had thought about baking a cake and some biscuits, and now I think

we should prepare some sandwiches and snacks and some other kinds of food so

that people can just help themlves rather than getting everyone to sit down

at the table to eat a meal. I think that's a bit too formal. It's better to

let people walk around and talk to each other or sit where they like.

M: Yes, that sounds good. I'll go to the supermarket to get some drinks. I

think I might try that big new supermarket on the other side of town, e what

they have. I've not been there before. I think we should get some beer and

wine and some fruit juice and other soft drinks. What do you think?

W: Sounds great. I think tho drinks will be enough. And I heard that the

new supermarket offers some big discounts to attract customers, so going there

should be a great idea. What should we do about music?

M：Maybe we should also ask Pual to bring his computer and speakers so that

we can play some music. He has a great collection of different stuff. Yes.

All right.

Q8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

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Q9. Why does the woman say it is a good idea to rve foods that guests can

help themlves too?

Q10. What does the woman say about the new supermarket?

CONVERSATION 2

W: I’m thinking of buying a car. I wouldn't need to u it every day, but

I think it would be very convenient to have one for the weekends.

M: That's exciting. Would this be your first car?

W: Nope.

M: I actually owned a car for a little while when I lived in Miami. You e,

in America, many cities don't have good public transport.

So most people need their ownOY car to get around.

W: I e.

M: So have you got your mindt on a specific model?

W: No, not really.

(13) I've heard that German cars are very reliable, but I haven't decided

on a specific model yet.

I'd also like it to be small so that it's easy to drive in the city.

M: I have a friend who lls condhand cars. In fact, I think his family owns

the business.

He's a really nice guy and he knows a lot about cars. I could give you his

phone number if you want, and you could call him and ask him questions.

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W: Hmm. That's nice of you, but I don't want to feel obliged to buy one of

his car.

M: Oh no. He's not like that. He's a good friend of mine and he would never

try to pressure you.

W: Well, if you trust him, then I guess it should be okay. To be honest, I

could u some help in deciding what type of vehicle would best suit my needs.

Speaking to an expert would be a good idea.

M: Exactly. You have nothing to worry about. He's a lovely guy and he'll be

happy to help.

Q13. What does the woman say about German cars?

Q14. What does the man recommend the woman do?

Q15. What do we learn about the Loinbo's friend from the conversation?

PASSAGE 1

Passage one.

Pigs are not native to north America. They were first introduced to California

by Spanish and Russian explorers and ttlers many centuries ago. In the early

times, pigs were allowed to wander freely and arch a food. This practice

also allowed many pigs to escape from farms and live in the wild, which became

a problem.

In fact, as one of the most damaging invasive species on the continent, wild

pigs caud millions of dollars in crop damage yearly. TheyOY also harbored

dozens of dias that threaten both humans and farm animals. Forest patches

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with wild pigs have been found to have considerably reduced plant and animal

diversity.

In addition to either eating other animals or their food supply, wild pigs

damaged native habitats by reaching up cross and rubbing on trees. Their

activities may also create opportunities for invasive plants to colonize the

areas. Wild pigs will eat almost anything containing calories. Mice, deer,

birds, snakes and frogs are among their victims.

They can also harm other wild species through indirect competition rather than

eating them or shrinking their food supply. On one particular United States

island, wild pigs themlves became an attractive food source for a species

of mainland eagle. Eagles began breeding on the island and also feeding on

a species of native fox. The foxes were almost wiped out completely.

Q16. What do we learn about early pigs in north America?

Q17. Why are wild pigs a threat to humans?

Q18. What does the passage say about the native foxes on a U.S. island?

PASSAGE 2

(19) A pair of entrepreneurs are planning to build and launch a spacecraft

that would carry and roast coffee beans in outer space. The craft will u

the heat of re-entry to roast coffee beans, as they float inside it in a

pressurized tank. The effect would be to roast the beans all over and produce

perfect coffee. (20) The businessmen say that on earth, beans can easily

break apart and get burned in the roaster. But if gravity is removed, the beans

float around and heated oven, received 360 degrees of evenly distributed heat

and roast to near perfection. The spacecraft will reach a height of around

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200 kilometers. The beans would WANGYI then be roasted and the heat generated

by the crafts 20 minute re-entry into earth's atmosphere. Temperatures and

the pressurized tank will be kept to around 200 degrees Celsius. Once back

on earth, the planet's first space roasted beans would be ud to make coffee

that would be sold for the first time in Dubai. This is where the Pairs company

is bad. It is not clear how much they would charge for a cup. Surprisingly,

the space roaster concept should it go ahead will not be the first attempt

to take coffee into space. (21) In 2015, two Italian companies collaborated

on the construction of a similar type of spacecraft, which was the first coffee

machine designed for u in space.

Q19. What are a pair of entrepreneurs planning to do?

Q20 . What does the passage say about coffee beans roasted on earth?

Q21. What did the two Italian companies do in 2015?

PASSAGE 3

Passage three

In cold and snowy Alaska, there’s a village called Takotna. It has a population

of a mere 49 adults. Each March, this tiny village swells up in numbers becau

it is located in the middle of a race that takes place every year. It is a

ven-day race called “The Iditarod Trail”. And participants stop at Takotna

for the obligatory 24 hour rest.

Lucky for them, Takotna is famous OY for its delicious fruit pies. Weeks before

the competitors arrive, the residents of Takotna start preparing what is

without question their biggest event of the year. The whole village chips

in to help, including the kids, who end up developing their baking skills at

an early age. Exhausted and hungry racers are greeted with delightful pies

of all kinds, such as apple, orange, lemon, or banana.

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They consume the pies and a stomach warming race fuel. The toughness of the

race allows for racers to eat pretty much whatever they want. The more calories,

the better. Takotna has gained a reputation for its desrt-bad hospitality

since the 1970s. It started with one person, Jane Newton. Jane moved from

Iditarod with her husband in 1972 and opened a restaurant. A rich and filling

fruit pies quickly got the races attention, and the village gained some fame

as a result. Proud residents then started to refer to Jane as queen of Takotna.

Questions 22 to 25, or bad on the passage, you have just heard

Q22. Why do a lot of people come to the village of Takotna every March?

Q23. What is the village of Takotna famous for?

Q24. Who comes to help with the event of the year?

Q25. What does the passage say about Jane Newton?

第一套答案：

SectionA

1.C) Send him to an after-school art class.

2.D) Contacted Joe to decorate its dining-room.

3.A) Get her pet dog back.

4.B) It is offering a big reward to anyone who helps.

5.D) Help people connect with each other.

6.B) It does not u volunteers

7.A)They will find they have something in common

SectionB

8.D) Preparations for Saturday's get-together.

9.A) It enables guests to walk around and chat freely.

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10.B) It offers some big discounts.

11.D)Bring his computerand speakers

12.C) For convenience at weekends.

13.B) They are reliable.

14.C) Seek advice from his friend

15.A)He can be trusted.

SectionC

16.D) Many escaped from farms and became wild.

17.A)They carry a great many dias.

18.B) They fell victim to eagles.

19.C) Roast coffee beans in outer space.

20.A) They can easily get burned.

21.B) They collaborated on building the first space coffee machine.

22.C)A race pass through it annually.

23.D)It’s tasty fruit pies.

24.A) The entire village.

25.C) She helped the village to become famous.

第二套答案

SectionA

1. A) See the Pope.

2.D) He ended up in the wrong place.

3. C) Glasgow has pledged to take the lead in reducing carbon emissions in the

UK.

4.A)Glasgow needs to invest in new technologies to reach its goal.

5.B)It permits employees to bring cats into their offices.

6. B) Rescue homeless cats.

7. C) It has let some other companies to follow suit.

SectionB

8. A) Find out where is Jimmy.

9.B)He was working on a project with Jimmy.

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10. C) He was involved a traffic accident.

11.D)He wanted to conceal something from his parents.

12. B) Shopping online.

13. D) Getting one's car parked.

14. C) The quality of food products.

15.A)It saves money

SectionC

16. D)They have strong negative emotions towards math.

17.B) It affects low performing children only.

18.A) Most of them have average to strong math ability.

19. C) Addiction to computer games is a dia.

20. A)They prioritize their favored activity over what they should do.

21.D)There is not enough evidence to classify it as a dia.

22.C) They are a shade of red bordering on brown.

23.D) They must follow some common standards.

24. B) They look more official.

25. D) For curity.

快速阅读1

What happens when a language has no words for numbers?

36.[E]It is worth stressing that the anumeric people are cognitively（在认知方面）normal，well-adapted to the surroundings they have dominated for

centuries.

37.[H] Compared with other mammals, our numerical instincts are not as

remarkable as many assume.

38.[E] It is worth stressing that the anumeric people are cognitively（在认知方面）normal，well-adapted to the surroundings they have dominated for

centuries.

39.[B]But, in a historical n,number-conscious people like us are the

unusual ones.

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40.[K]Rearch on the language of numbers shows, more and more, that one of

our species' key characteristics is tremendous linguistic（语言的）and

cognitive diversity. 41.[D]This and many other experiments have led to a simple

conclusion:When people do not have number words,they struggle to make

quantitative distinctions that probably em natural to someone like you or

me.

42.[G] None of us, then, is really a"numbers person."We are not born to handle

quantitative distinctions skillfully.

43.[A]Numbers do not exist in all cultures

44. [I] So,how did we ever invent "unnatural"numbers in the first place? The

answer is,literally,at your fingertips.

45. 45.[F]This conclusion is echoed by work with anumeric children in

industrialized societies.

快读阅读2

The start of high school doesn't have to be stressful

36.[E] ln addition, studies find the first year of high school typically shows

one of the greatest increas in depression of any year over the lifespan.

37.[G] ln one recent study, we examined 360 adolescents' beliefs about the

nature of "smartness"- that is, their fixed mindts about intelligence.

38.[J]The findings lead to veral possibilities that we are investigating

further.

39.[C]In the new global economy,students who fail to finish the ninth grade

with passing grades in college preparatory courwork are very unlikely to

graduate on time and go on to get jobs.

40.[H]We also investigated the social side of the high school transition.

41.[E]n addition, studies find the first year of high school typically shows

one of the greatest increas in depression of any year over the lifespan.

42.[D]The conquences of doing poorly in the ninth grade can impact more than

students' ability to find a good job.

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43.[A]This month, more than 4 million students across the nation will begin

high school.

44.[I]Experiment results showed that students who were not taught that people

can change showed poor stress respons.

45.[F]Given all that's riding on having a successful ninth grade experience,

it pays to explore what can be done to meet the academic, social and emotional

challenges of the transition to high school.

快读阅读3

Science of tbacks:How failure can improve career prospects

36.[G]One straightforward reason clo lors might outper- form narrow

winners is that the two groups have comparable ability.

37.[D]Others in the US have found similar effects with National Institutes

of Health early-career fellowships launching narrow winners far ahead of clo

lors.

38.[K]ln sports and many areas of life,we think of failures as evidence of

something we could have done better.

39.[B]one way social scientists have probed the effects of career tbacks

is to look at scientists of very similar qualifications.

40.[I]He said the people who should be paying regard to the Wang paper are

the funding agents who distribute government grant money.

41.[F]In a study published in Nature Communications,North- western University

sociologist Dashun Wang tracked more than 1,100 scientists who were on the

border between getting a grant and missing out between 1990 and 2005.

42.[J] For his part,Wang said that in his own experience,losing did light a

motivating fire.

43.[C]A 2018 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of

Sciences, for example, followed rearchers in the Netherlands.

44.[I]He said the people who should be paying regard to the Wang paper are

the funding agents who distribute government grant money.

45.[E]This is bad news for the lors.

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仔细阅读1-题源

What happens when a language has no words for numbers?

Numbers do not exist in all cultures. There are numberless hunter-gatherers

embedded deep in Amazonia, living along branches of the world’s largest river

tree. Instead of using words for preci quantities, the people rely

exclusively on terms analogous to “a few” or “some.”

In contrast, our own lives are governed by numbers. As you read this, you are

likely aware of what time it is, how old you are, your checking account balance,

your weight and so on. The exact (and exacting) numbers we think with impact

everything from our schedules to our lf-esteem.

But, in a historical n, numerically fixated people like us are the unusual

ones. For the bulk of our species’ approximately 200,000-year lifespan, we

had no means of precily reprenting quantities. What’s more, the 7,000

or so languages that exist today vary dramatically in how they utilize numbers.

Speakers of anumeric, or numberless, languages offer a window into how the

invention of numbers reshaped the human experience. In a 2017 book, I explored

the ways in which humans invented numbers, and how numbers subquently played

a critical role in other milestones, from the advent of agriculture to the

genesis of writing.

Cultures without numbers, or with only one or two preci numbers, include

the Munduruku and Pirahã in Amazonia. Rearchers have also studied some adults

in Nicaragua who were never taught number words.

Without numbers, healthy human adults struggle to precily differentiate and

recall quantities as low as four. In an experiment, a rearcher will place

nuts into a can one at a time, then remove them one by one. The person watching

is asked to signal when all the nuts have been removed. Respons suggest that

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anumeric people have some trouble keeping track of how many nuts remain in

the can, even if there are only four or five in total.

This and many other experiments have converged upon a simple conclusion: When

people do not have number words, they struggle to make quantitative

distinctions that probably em natural to someone like you or me. While only

a small portion of the world’s languages are anumeric or nearly anumeric,

they demonstrate that number words are not a human universal.

It is worth stressing that the anumeric people are cognitively normal,

well-adapted to the environs they have dominated for centuries. As the child

of missionaries, I spent some of my youth living with anumeric indigenous

people, the aforementioned Pirahã who live along the sinuous banks of the black

Maici River. Like other outsiders, I was continually impresd by their

superior understanding of the riverine ecology we shared.

Yet numberless people struggle with tasks that require preci discrimination

between quantities. Perhaps this should be unsurprising. After all, without

counting, how can someone tell whether there are, say, ven or eight coconuts

in a tree? Such emingly straightforward distinctions become blurry through

numberless eyes.

This conclusion is echoed by work with anumeric children in industrialized

societies.

Prior to being spoon-fed number words, children can only approximately

discriminate quantities beyond three. We must be handed the cognitive tools

of numbers before we can consistently and easily recognize higher quantities.

In fact, acquiring the exact meaning of number words is a painstaking process

that takes children years. Initially, kids learn numbers much like they learn

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letters. They recognize that numbers are organized quentially, but have

little awareness of what each individual number means. With time, they start

to understand that a given number reprents a quantity greater by one than

the preceding number. This “successor principle” is part of the foundation

of our numerical cognition, but requires extensive practice to understand.

None of us, then, is really a “numbers person.” We are not predispod

to handle quantitative distinctions adroitly. In the abnce of the cultural

traditions that infu our lives with numbers from infancy, we would all

struggle with even basic quantitative distinctions.

Number words and written numerals transform our quantitative reasoning as they

are coaxed into our cognitive experience by our parents, peers and school

teachers. The process ems so normal that we sometimes think of it as a natural

part of growing up, but it is not. Human brains come equipped with certain

quantitative instincts that are refined with age, but the instincts are very

limited. For instance, even at birth we are capable of distinguishing between

two markedly different quantities – for instance, eight from 16 things.

But we are not the only species capable of such abstractions. Compared to chimps

and other primates, our numerical instincts are not as remarkable as many

presume. We even share some basic instinctual quantitative reasoning with

distant nonmammalian relatives like birds. Indeed, work with some other

species, including parrots, suggests they too can refine their quantitative

thought if they are introduced to the cognitive power tools we call numbers.

The birth of numbers

So, how did we ever invent “unnatural” numbers in the first place?

The answer is, literally, at your fingertips. The bulk of the world’s languages

u ba-10, ba-20 or ba-5 number systems. That is, the smaller numbers

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are the basis of larger numbers. English is a ba-10 or decimal language,

as evidenced by words like 14 (“four” +

(“three” x “10” + “one”).

We speak a decimal language becau an ancestral tongue, proto-Indo-European,

was decimally bad. Proto-Indo-European was decimally oriented becau, as

in so many cultures, our linguistic ancestors’ hands rved as the gateway

to realizations like “five fingers on this hand is the same as five fingers

on that hand.” Such transient thoughts were manifested into words and pasd

down across generations. This is why the word “five” in many languages

is derived from the word for “hand.”

Most number systems, then, are the by-product of two key factors: the human

capacity for language and our propensity for focusing on our hands and fingers.

This manual fixation – an indirect by-product of walking upright on two

legs – has helped yield numbers in most cultures, but not all.

Cultures without numbers also offer insight into the cognitive influence of

particular numeric traditions. Consider what time it is. Your day is ruled

by minutes and conds, but the entities are not real in any physical n

and are nonexistent to numberless people. Minutes and conds are the verbal

and written vestiges of an uncommon ba-60 number system ud in Mesopotamia

millennia ago. They reside in our minds, numerical artifacts that not all

humans inherit conceptually.

Rearch on the language of numbers shows, more and more, that one of our

species’ key characteristics is tremendous linguistic and cognitive

diversity. While there are undoubtedly cognitive commonalities across all

human populations, our radically varied cultures foster profoundly different

cognitive experiences. If we are to truly understand how much our cognitive

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lives differ cross-culturally, we must continually sound the depths of our

species’ linguistic diversity.

答案

Educators and business leaders have more in common than it may em

46.C)They help students acquire the skills needed for their future success.

47.A)By blending them with traditional, stimulating activities.

48.B) By playing with things to solve problems on their Own.

49. C) Encourage them to make things with hands.

50.B)Develop students′ creative skills with the resources available.

Being an information technology,or IT,worker is not a job I envy.

51.B) It does not appeal to him.

52. C) Many employees are deeply frustrated by IT.

53.D) Employees become more confident in their work.

54.D) Think about the possible effects on their employees.

55.A)By designing systems that suit their needs.

仔细阅读2-题源

Sugar shocked.

That describes the reaction of many Americans this week following revelations

that, 50 years ago, the sugar industry paid Harvard scientists for rearch

that downplayed sugar's role in heart dia — and put the spotlight

squarely on dietary fat.

What might surpri consumers is just how many prent-day nutrition studies

are still funded by the food industry.

Nutrition scholar Marion Nestle of New York University spent a year informally

tracking industry-funded studies on food. "Roughly 90% of nearly 170 studies

favored the sponsor's interest," Nestle tells us via email. Other, systematic

reviews support her conclusions.

For instance, studies funded by Welch Foods — the brand behind Welch's 100%

Grape Juice — found that drinking Concord grape juice daily may boost brain

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function. Another, funded by Quaker Oats, concluded, as a Daily Mail story

put it, that "hot oatmeal breakfast keeps you full for longer."

While the examples might induce chuckles, the past year has en veral

expos that have raid rious concerns about the extent of industry's

influence on food and nutrition rearch outcomes.

Last year, The New York Times revealed how Coca-Cola was funding high-profile

scientists and organizations promoting a message that, in the battle against

weight gain, people should pay more attention to exerci and less to what

they eat and drink. In the aftermath of that investigation, Coca-Cola relead

data detailing its funding of veral medical institutions and associations

between 2010 and 2015, from the Academy of Family Physicians to the American

Academy of Pediatrics. All told, Coca-Cola says it gave $132.8 million toward

scientific rearch and partnerships.

And earlier this summer, the Associated Press relead an investigation that

looked at rearch funded by the National Confectioners Association, a trade

group who members include the makers of Tootsie Rolls, Hershey's kiss and

Snickers bars. One study the group funded concluded that kids who eat candy

tend to weigh less than tho who don't. In an email to her co-author, the

AP reported, one of the scientists behind that study wrote that the finding

was "thin and clearly padded." Nonetheless, the paper was published in a

journal called Food & Nutrition Rearch.

"It's definitely a problem that so much rearch in nutrition and health is

funded by industry," says Bonnie Liebman, director of nutrition at the Center

for Science in the Public Interest, a nonprofit advocacy group. "When the food

industry pays for rearch, it often gets what it pays for." And what it pays

for is often a pro-industry finding.

Michael Moss is an investigative journalist who focus on the food industry

and author of the expo Salt, Sugar, Fat: How The Food Giants Hooked Us. He

says a lot of times, food firms are funding rearch that they know is going

to go their way — a finding they can tout on their packaging to sway

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consumers to buy their products. The problem is, the findings that get

published may be incomplete, highlighting positive outcomes while leaving out

negative ones. And then, there are studies that are simply poorly designed.

As a rearcher, notes Moss, one can tweak the experimental design "in subtle

ways that can lead to a desired conclusion — whether you're taking money

from industry or you yourlf have a passion or conclusion you want" to e,

he says. "There's just a lot of bad rearch out there."

And yet, as we've reported before, this junk nutrition science frequently gets

touted in press releas written to drum up interest, then picked up and

disminated by journalists who lack the wherewithal to spot the bad rearch

methodology. In May 2015, science journalist John Bohannon highlighted exactly

how this process plays out: He conducted a real — but really poorly

designed — study that concluded eating chocolate can help you lo weight,

then watched as media outlets ran with the study.

While Bohannon's study was a deliberate hoax designed to expo the flaws in

nutrition science journalism, similarly bad studies get reported on all the

time. As Gary Schwitzer of Health News Review, a watchdog group for the media's

coverage of health, told us last year, the problem is extensive. "We have

examples of journalists reporting on a study that was never done," he told

us in 2015. "We have news releas from medical journals, academic institutions

and industry that mislead journalists, who then mislead the public."

Given this environment, where bad science on what to eat or drink is pervasive,

what's a consumer to do?

Be skeptical when reading about the latest finding in nutrition science, says

Moss.

Ignore the latest study that pops up on your news feed, adds Liebman. "Rely

on health experts who've reviewed all the evidence," she says. She points to

the official government Dietary Guidelines, which are bad on reviews of

dozens or hundreds of studies. "Experts are able to sift through the evidence

and parate the good from bad," she says.

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And that expert advice remains pretty simple, says Nestle. "We know what

healthy diets are — lots of vegetables, not too much junk food, balanced

calories. Everything el is really difficult to do experimentally."

答案

Sugar shocked. That describes the reaction of many Americans this week

following revalations

46.B)They turned public attention away from the health risks

of sugar to fat

47. D)Nearly all of them rve the purpo of the funders

48. A) Exerci is more important to good health than diet

49. C)It rarely results in objective findings

50.D)Think twice about new nutrition rearch findings

51. C)How people viewed success in his fathers time

52. B)It was a way to advance in their career

53. A)They are often regarded as most treasured talents

54.C)What kind of people can contribute more to them

55.D)It will bring about radical economic and social changes.

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仔细阅读3-题源

Boredom has become trendy. Studies point to how boredom is good for creativity

and innovation, as well as mental health. For example, a 2014 study published

in the Creativity Rearch Journal found that people were more creative

following the completion of a tedious task. Another piece of rearch published

in the same year by the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology found that

when people were bored, they had an increa in “associative thought”—the process of making new connections between ideas, which is linked to

innovative thinking. The studies are impressive, but in reality, the

benefits of boredom may be related to having time to clear your mind, be quiet,

or daydream.

The truth is, pure boredom isn’t pleasant. One study published in Science

found that participants (67% of men and 25% of women) cho to administer an

electric shock to themlves rather than to sit and think quietly for 6 to

15 minutes. In addition, a Washington State University study shows boredom

is on the ri, especially in adolescent girls. This is a problem, since boredom

can have negative conquences that lead to everything from overeating to

issues with drugs, drinking, or gambling.

In our stimulation-rich world, it ems unrealistic that boredom could occur

at all. Yet, there are legitimate reasons boredom may feel so painful. As it

turns out, boredom might signal the fact that you have a need that isn’t being

met.

Our always-on world of social media may result in more connections, but they

are superficial and can get in the way of building a real n of belonging.

Feeling bored may signal the desire for a greater n of community and the

feeling that you fit in with others around you. So take the step of joining

a club, organization, or association to build face-to-face relationships and

create new friendships. You’ll find depth that you won’t get from your screen

no matter how many likes you get on your post.

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Similar to the need for belonging, bored people often report that they feel

a limited n of meaning. It’s a fundamental human need to have a larger

purpo and to feel like we’re part of something bigger than ourlves. A

2007 University of Mississippi study found that when people are bored, they’re more likely to feel less meaning in their lives and vice versa. Converly,

a 2016 study by the University of Southampton found that when people

volunteered, their happiness incread. If you want to reduce boredom and

increa your n of meaning, ek work that matters to you where you can

make a unique contribution, or find a cau you can support with your time

and talents.

People have varying needs for stimulation and adrenaline rushes, but in general,

boredom may be a signal that you need to push yourlf a bit. This could be

a stretch at work or in your leisure activities. After all, happiness is

correlated with being challenged and developing new skills, and scrolling

through your social media accounts doesn’t meet this requirement. So find

opportunities to try new things, whether it’s skydiving, taking on a tough

project at work, or starting a hobby that provides a fun outlet.

One of the aspects of boredom is feeling like things are the same from day

to day and week to week. Some predictability is good for mental health, but

you may also need some variety in your life. Invite people of different

backgrounds into your friend group, join the unexpected interest group at work,

or read more widely on unusual topics. The key is to broaden your perspective

and change what you’re expod to regularly.

In The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, journalist Nicholas

Carr makes a strong ca for the ways our brains have been rewired to glaze

the surface of things, rather than to go deep. But the ability to have more

depth, process deeply, and get into flow are hallmarks of empathy,

connectedness, and happiness. Find a project that you can lo yourlf in,

becau it’s so exciting, or t aside time to solve a thorny problem. The

kinds of deep thinking can go far in alleviating boredom.

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If your definition of boredom is being quiet, mindful, and meditative, keep

it up. But if you’re wrestling with real boredom and the emptiness it provokes,

consider whether you might ek new connections, more meaning, more

significant challenges, diversity of experiences, or more depth in your

efforts. The are the things that will genuinely alleviate boredom and make

you more effective in the process.

答案

Boredom has become trendy. Studies point to how boredom is good for

creativity

46.A)It facilitates innovative thinking.

47.A)A need to be left alone

48. C)It may prevent people from developing a genuine n of community.

49.B)Reflect on how they relate to others

50.D) Devote themlves to a worthy cau

Can you remember what you ate yesterday? If asked, most people will be ..

51. A)Calorie consumption had fallen drastically over the de cades

52.A)People s calorie intake was far from accurately reported

53.B)They overlook the potential caus of obesity

54.A)The growing trend of eating out

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55.B] Make sure people eat non-fattening food

选词填空1

Most animals ek shade when temperatures in the Sahara Dert soar..

26. C) crawling

27.F)hunt

28.E) extreme

29.K) species

30.6) literally

31.M) thick

32.J) removed

33.N) tiny

34.0) unique

35.A) adapting.

选词填空2

Social isolation pos more health risks than obesity…

26. I) implication

27.B) appointments

28.D) debating

29.0) touches

30.C) conquences

31.L) sparked

32.F)friendly

33.J)pushing

34.N) survey

35.K) verely

选词填空3

Nowadays you can't buy anyhing without then being asked to provide..

26. E) experience

27.B) commonplace

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28.J) routinely

29.D) desperate

30.H) prompted

31.I) roughly

32.K) shining

33.O) wonder

34.C)confess

35.G) option

翻译

铁观音（Tieguanyin）是中国最受欢迎的茶之一，原产自福建省安溪县西坪镇，如今安溪全县普遍种植，但该县不同地区生产的铁观音又各具风味。铁观音一年四季均可采摘，尤以春秋两季采摘的茶叶品质最佳。铁观音加工非常复杂，需要专门的技术和丰富的经验。铁观音含有多种维生素，喝起来口感独特。常饮铁观音有助于预防心脏病、降低血压、增强记忆力。

Tieguanyin is one of the most popular types of tea in China. Originally

grown in the town of Xiping, Anxi County, Fujian Province, Tieguanyin is

now widely planted in the entire county of Anxi, but the tea from different

regions of the county tastes differently. Tieguanyin can be picked in any

ason throughout the year, while the tea harvested in spring and autumn is

of the best quality. The processing of Tieguanyin is very complex as it

requires professional skills and sophisticated

experiences. Tieguanyin contains many kinds of vitamins and has a

unique flavour. It helps prevent heart dias, lower blood pressure and

improve memory if consumed regularly.

龙井( Longing)是一种绿茶，主要产自中国东部沿海的浙江省。龙井茶独特的香味和口感为其羸得了“中国名茶”的称号，在中国深受大众的欢迎，在海外饮用的人也越来越多。龙并茶通常手工制作，其价格可能极其昂贵，也可能比较便宜，这取决于的25 / 34

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生长地、采摘时间和制作工艺。龙井茶富含生素C和其它多种有益健康的元素。经常喝龙井茶有助于减轻疲劳，延缓衰老。

Longjing is a type of green tea which is mainly produced in Zhejiang Province

in the coastal area in east China. With the unique fragrance and flavour, the

tea is well recognized as China s Famous Tea which enjoys great popularity

at home and also increasing popularity overas Longjing is usually handmade.

It can be extremely expensive or comparative cheap, which depends on the origin,

the picking time and the workmanship. As it contains rich Vitamin C and many

other beneficial elements, the tea helps relieve fatigue and delay the aging

process if one drinks it regularly.

普洱(Pu＇er)茶深受中国人喜爱，最好的普洱茶产自云南的西双版纳( Xishuangbanna)，那里的气候和环境为普洱茶树的生长提供了最佳条件。普洱茶颜色较深，味道与其他的茶截然不同。普洱茶泡(brew)的时间越长越有味道。许多爱喝的人尤其喜欢其独特的香味和口感。普洱茶含有多种有益健康的元素，常饮普洱茶有助于保护心脏和血管，还有减肥、消除疲劳和促进消化的功效。

Pu er is one of the most popular types of tea among the Chine people, with

its best produced in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. where the climate and

the environment provide the tea with the best growing conditions. Pu er tea

features comparatively dark colour and totally different fla- vour. The longer

it brews, the better it tastes. Many Pu er overs especially fancy its unique

fragrance and flavour. As it contains many beneficial elements, the tea helps

not only protect the heart and blood vesls but also lo weight, re lieve

fatigue and improve digestion if one drinks it regularly

作文

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Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on are people

becoming addicted to technology. You should write at least 120 words but no more

than 180 words.

参考范文

Nowadays, we are witnessing a surge in technology in all

aspects. People’s views vary greatly on whether this trend are

causing people’s addiction. In my point of view, being immerd in a a

of technology will definitely harm people’s life, even make them become

addicted.

For one thing, despite the fact that some technologies, are invented to

help people, many of them are made to attract people’s attention and make

profit. Unaware of this, one would easily get trapped in the world

of technology, like computer technology, and lo himlf. For another,

since most of us are living in a highly digitalized society, few can escape

from the influence of their friends and families who are already addicts to

technology.

All in all, without strict government restriction and proper guidance on

computer technology, people are expod to the risk of being addicted. It is

also necessary for everyone to resist this temptation and maintain good

lf-discipline.

如今，我们正目睹科技在各个方面的飞速发展。对于这种趋势是否会导致人们上瘾，人们的看法大相径庭。在我看来，沉浸在技术的海洋中肯定会伤害人们的生活，甚至使他们上瘾。

一方面，尽管有些技术是为了帮助人们而发明的，但其中许多技术是为了吸引人们的注意力和盈利。没有意识到这一点，一个人很容易陷入科技、尤其是电脑科技的世界中，迷失自我。另一方面，由于我们大多数人生活在一个高度数字化的社会，很少有人能够摆脱他们已经沉迷于科技的朋友和家人的影响。

总而言之，如果没有政府的严格限制和对于科技的适当指导，人们将面临上瘾的危险。每个人都必须抵制这种诱惑，保持良好的自律。

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Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on

whether violent video games online will cau students’ violent behaviors.

You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

参考范文

Nowadays, violent video games online have become increasingly popular

among students. Many people hold the view that such violent games can cau

propensity for violence while others think that tho games are only created

for fun.

In my opinion, such games do lead to a tendency of violence to some extent.

On the one hand, students are easier to be misguided by some violent behaviors

in tho games since they are not mature enough to tell right from wrong.

Conquently, they will probably imitate the behaviors in real life. On the

other hand, some students can do what are forbidden in real life while permitted

in the games, during which they gradually develop the quality of violence

and become easier to make aggressive behaviors when conflicting with others.

To sum up, I think we should reduce our time spent on tho violent video

games and do more meaningful things to live our life to the fullest.

如今，网络暴力游戏在学生中越来越流行。许多人认为这种暴力游戏会导致暴力倾向，而另一些人则认为这些游戏的开发初衷只是为了好玩。

在我看来，这类游戏在某种程度上确实会导致暴力倾向。一方面，学生很容易被这些游戏中的一些暴力行为所误导，因为他们还不够成熟，不能辨别对错。因此，他们可能会在现实生活中模仿这些行为。另一方面，一些学生可以在游戏中做一些在现实生活中被禁止而在游戏中被允许的事情，在游戏中他们逐渐发展出了暴力的品质，在与他人发生冲突时更容易做出攻击性的行为。

总之，我认为我们应该减少花在暴力游戏上的时间，做更多有意义的事情来充实我们的生活。

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Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay

on whether technology will make people lazy. You should write at

least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

参考范文

In prent society, the rapid development of science and technology has

brought a lot of convenience to people’s life. But a host of people show

concerns that the convenience of the technology is making people lazier than

before.

From my point of view, technology does not make people lazy. First of all,

every advance in human history is the result of technological development.

And this progress will promote the development of human productivity. Secondly,

technology can liberate human beings from tedious manual labor, so as to carry

out more meaningful innovation activities. Finally, human beings do benefit

from technological progress, but they do not become lazy becau society always

evolves with time.

To sum up, I think we should invest more in science and technology and

develop new and more creative industries. At the same time, some exploratory

practices are ought to be carried out as well to avoid being lazy.

如今社会，科技发展日新月异，这为人们的生活带来了很多便利。但是也有很多人认为这种科技带来的便利性正使人变得越来越懒惰。

在我看来，科技并不会让人变懒惰。首先，人类历史上的每一次进步都是科技发展的结果。而这种进步又会促进人类生产力的发展。其次，科技可以将人类从繁琐的体力劳动中解放出来，从而进行更有意义的创新活动。最后，人类确实从科技进步中获益，但并不会变懒惰，因为社会是一直在进步的。

总之，我认为我们应该加大在科技方面的投入，发展新的、更具创造力的产业，同时还应该避免懒惰，进行一些探索性的实践。

星火英语版：

注意图片可以自由伸缩，需要放大查看请自行拉伸。

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