2024年3月4日发(作者:利菁)
1. 常见的用料
鸡 chicken 鸭 duck 鹅 goo
鱼类 fish 肉类 meat 猪肉 pork
牛肉 beef 小牛肉 veal 羊肉 mutton
小羊肉 lamb 牛尾 oxtail 里脊 fillet
排骨 spareribs 腰子 kidney 肚子 tripe
肝 liver 舌 tongue 内脏 offal
蹄子 trotter 胗 gizzard 鸡什 giblets
鹿肉 venison 鸡脯 chicken breast
甲鱼 turtle 海味 afood
虾 shrimp 干贝 scallop
螃蟹 crab 鱿鱼 squid
海蛰 jellyfish 黄鳝 finless eel
海螺 whelk 野味 game
兔 rabbit 鸽 pigeon
鹌鹑 quail 龙虾 lobster
牡蛎 oyster 田螺 snail
田鸡 frog 蛇 snake 腌肉 bacon
香肠 sausage 火腿 ham
熊掌 bear’s paw
鱼翅 shark’s fin 燕窝 bird’s nest
2. 煮前的准备工作
去骨 boning
例如, 去骨鸭掌
打鳞 scaling
例如,去鳞鱼 scaled fish
剥/去皮 skinning
例如,去皮田鸡 skinned frogs
脱壳 shelling
例如,虾仁 shelled shrimps
腌制 pickling
例如,咸酸菜 pickled vegetables
3. 常用刀法及用料形状
(1) 常用刀法
切片 slice 切丝 shred
切丁 dice 切柳 fillet 切碎 mince
捣烂 mash 酿入 stuff
(2) 常用用料形状
肉/ 鱼片sliced meat / fish 或 meat / fish slices
肉丝 shredded meat 或 pork shreds
肉/鸡丁 diced pork / chicken 或meat / chicken cubes
肉末 minced meat
肉丸 meat balls
肉馅 meat filling
4. 中餐菜单翻译法
(1) 直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来,再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。
如:炖牛肉 Stewed Beef
(2) 直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内在含义。
如:
狮子头 Lion’s Head ——Pork Meat Balls
全家福 Happy Family——A combination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken,
lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce
(3) 意译法。此法可分为三种情况:
1) 原料+with+作料。 以原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词with 或in 与作料构成的短语即可。如:
海米白菜 Chine Cabbage with Dried Shrimps
鱼香肉丝 Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce
2) 作料+原料 。 即把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面。如:
咖喱牛肉 Curry Beef 古老肉 Sweet & Sour Pork
3) 以“实”对“虚”法。即舍去中菜名里的喻义,夸张等说法而用平直,明白的英语译出。如:
发财好市 Black Moss Cooked with Oysters
彩凤喜迎春 Baked Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs
蚂蚁上树 Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork
龙虎凤大烩 Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken
4) “移花接木”法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道,通俗易懂,能 收到事半功倍的效果。如:
烤排骨 Barbecued Spare Ribs
饺子 Chine-style Ravioli略有馅的水饺
5) 音译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出,然后再加以解释性的英译,使英译文保留点“中国味”。
如:包子 Baozi——Stuffed Bun
馒头 Mantou——Steamed Bread
6)“随机应变”法:原料+地名+Style。应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色菜名。英译出原料名后,再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成。如:
广东龙虾 Lobster Cantone Style
麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style
5. 中餐常见的烹调方法
中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种,但大体不离:
煮 (boiling), 煲/炖 (stewing),
烧/焖/烩(braising), 煎(frying),
炒(stir-frying),爆(quick-frying),
炸(deep-frying),
扒(frying and simmering),
煸(sautéing),煨 (simmering),
熏(smoking),烤(roasting/barbecuing),
烘(baking), 蒸(steaming), 白灼(scalding)等基本方法。
煮 boiled. 如 “煮咸牛肉” (Boiled Corned Beef)
煲/炖 stewed. 如“清炖牛尾” (Stewed Ox Tail in Clear Soup)
烧braid. 如“红烧牛蹄” (Braid Ox Trotters in Brown Sauce)
煎(pan-)fried. 如 “煎明虾” (Fried Prawns)
炒stir-fried 如“炒鸡丁” (Stir-Fried Chicken Dices)
爆 quick-fried. 如“葱爆羊肉” (Quick-fried lamb with Scallion in Ginger
Sauce)
炸 deep-fried. 如 “炸大虾” (Deep-fried prawns)
扒fried and simmered. 如“虾子扒海参” (Fried and Simmered Sea Cucumber
with Shrimps Roe)
煸sautéed . 如 “干煸鳝鱼” (Sautéed Eel Slices)
煨simmered. 如“煨牛肉” (Simmered Beef)
焖 braid 如 “黄酒焖猪排” (Braid pork chops in rice wine)
烩 braid 如 “烩鸡丝” (Braid chicken shreds with peas)
熏 smoked 如 “熏鱼” (Smoked Fish)
烘 baked 如 “烘鸽” (Baked Pigeon)
蒸 steamed 如 “蒸鲜鱼” (Steamed Fresh Fish)
酱/醋 marinated 如 “酱鸡” (Marinated Chicken)
卤 spicy; stewed in gravy 如“卤鸭”(Spicy Duck)
清蒸 steamed (in clear soup)如 “清蒸桂鱼”(Steamed Mandarin Fish)
清炖 stewed in clear soup 如 “清炖甲鱼” (Stewed Turtle in Clear Soup)
涮 instant-boiled 如 “涮羊肉” (Instant-Boiled Mutton Slices)
酿 stuffed 如“酿青椒” (Stuffed Green Pepper)
烤 roast; barbecued 如“烤鹅” (Roast Goo)
白灼/微煮 scalded 如“白灼海虾”(Scalded Prawns)
红烧 braid in brown sauce 如 “红烧蹄筋” (Braid Pork Tendon in Brown
Sauce)
干烧 in pepper sauce 如“干烧干贝” (Scallop in Pepper Sauce)
麻辣 with hot pepper 如 “麻辣豆腐”(Bean Curd with Hot Pepper / Spice
Bean Curd)
酱爆 in bean sauce 如“酱爆肉丁” (Diced Pork in Bean Sauce)
鱼香 in (spicy) garlic sauce 如“鱼香肉丝” (Shredded Pork in Garlic
Sauce)
糖醋 with sweet and sour sauce 如“糖醋排骨” (Spareribs with Sweet and Sour
Sauce)
宫保 with chili and peanuts 如 “宫保鸡丁” (Diced Chicken with Chili and
Peanuts)
脆皮 crisp (in spicy sauce) 如 “脆皮鱼” (Crisp Fish)
香酥 crisp fried 如“香酥鸡” (Crisp Fried Chicken)
焦熘fried in sauce 如“焦熘鱼片” (Fried Fish Slices in Sauce)
甜酸 sweet and sour 如“甜酸肉”(Sweet & Sour Pork)
胡辣 with pepper and chili 如“胡辣海参” (Sea Slug with Pepper and Chili)
油淋 drip-fried with oil 如 “油淋兔” (Drip-Fried Rabbit with oil)
干煸 dry-sautéed 如“干煸季豆” (Dry-sautéed String Beans)
盐水 boiled in salt water 如“盐水虾”(Boiled Shrimps in Salt Water)
家常 home style 如“家常豆腐” (Bean Curd Home Style)
陈皮 with spicy orange peel 如 “陈皮鸡” (Chicken in Spicy Orange Peel)
回锅 double-sautéed 如“回锅肉” (Double-sautéed Pork Slices)
五香 spiced 如“五香牛肉” (Spiced Beef)
干炸 dry deep-fried 如“干炸羊肉”(Dry Deep-fried Lamb Breast)
软炸 soft deep-fried 如 “软炸里脊” (Soft-fried Pork Fillet)
酥炸 crisp deep-fried 如“酥炸羊脯” (Crisp Fried Lamb Breast)
砂锅 in casrole 如“砂锅鱼翅” (Shark’s Fin in Casrole)
锅巴 with sizzling /crispy rice crust 如“锅巴海参” (Sea Slug with Sizzling
/ Crispy Rice Crust)
芙蓉 with egg white 如“芙蓉海参” (Sea Cucumbers with Egg white)
麻酱 with same paste 如“麻酱海参”(Beche-de-mer with Sesame Paste)
三鲜 with two other delicacies 如“三鲜海参” (Sea Cucumbers with Other Two
Delicacies)
醋溜 in distilled grains sauce 如“醋溜鸡片” (Sliced Chicken in Distilled
Grains Sauce)
串烤 skewered 如“串烤羊肉青椒” (Skewered Mutton with Green Pepper)
铁扒 grilled 如“铁扒乳鸽” (Grilled Baby Pigeon)
烧烤 roast 如“烤乳猪”(Roast Suckling Pig)
凉拌 in soy sauce 如“凉拌海蛰” (Jellyfish in Soy Sauce)
酸辣 hot and sour 如“酸辣黄瓜” (Hot and Sour Cucumber)
姜汁 in ginger sauce 如“姜汁扁豆” (Snap Beans in Ginger Sauce)
蚝油 in oyster sauce 如“蚝油香菇” ( Mushrooms in Oyster Sauce)
蒜泥 with mashed garlic 如“蒜泥胡豆” (Broad Beans with Mashed Garlic)
什锦 mixed; assorted 如“什锦丝冬粉” (Assorted Shreds with Vermicelli)
茄汁 in tomato sauce 如“茄汁鸡脯” (Chicken Breast in Tomato Sauce)
咖喱 with curry 如“咖喱牛肉” (Fried Beef withy Curry)
八宝 (stuffed) with eight delicacies 如 “八宝鸡” (Chicken Stuffed with
Eight Delicacies)
葱爆 quick-fried with scallion in ginger sauce 如 “葱爆羊肉”
(Quick-fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce)
粉蒸 steamed in rice flour 如“粉蒸牛肉” (Steamed Beef in Rice
Flour)
奶油 in cream sauce 如 “奶油鱼肚” (Fried Fish Maw in Cream Sauce)
木犀 with scrambled eggs and fungus 如“木犀肉” (Fried Pork with
Scrambled Eggs and Fungus)
醉 liquor-prerved 如 “醉蟹” (Liquor-prerved Crabs)
辣味 in chili sauce 如“辣味烩虾” (Braid Prawns in Rice Wine)
豆豉 in black bean sauce 如“豆豉桂鱼” (Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce)
黄焖 braid in rice wine 如“黄焖大虾” (Braid Prawns in Rice Wine)
椒盐 with pepper and salt 如“椒盐排骨” (Spare Ribs with Pepper and
Salt)
怪味 multi-flavored 如“怪味鸡” (Multi-flavored Chicken)
中国小吃英文表达
中式早點
烧饼 Clay oven rolls
油条 Fried bread stick
韭菜盒 Fried leek dumplings
水饺 Boiled dumplings
蒸饺 Steamed dumplings
馒头 Steamed buns
割包 Steamed sandwich
饭团 Rice and vegetable roll
蛋饼 Egg cakes
皮蛋 100-year egg
咸鸭蛋 Salted duck egg
豆浆 Soybean milk
饭 类
稀饭 Rice porridge
白饭 Plain white rice
油饭 Glutinous oil rice
糯米饭 Glutinous rice
卤肉饭 Braid pork rice
蛋炒饭 Fried rice with egg
地瓜粥 Sweet potato congee
面 类
馄饨面 Wonton & noodles
刀削面 Sliced noodles
麻辣面 Spicy hot noodles
麻酱面 Sesame paste noodles
鴨肉面 Duck with noodles
鱔魚面 Eel noodles
乌龙面 Seafood noodles
榨菜肉丝面 Pork , pickled mustard green noodles
牡蛎细面 Oyster thin noodles
板条 Flat noodles
米粉 Rice noodles
炒米粉 Fried rice noodles
冬粉 Green bean noodle
汤 类
鱼丸汤 Fish ball soup
貢丸汤 Meat ball soup
蛋花汤 Egg & vegetable soup
蛤蜊汤 Clams soup
牡蛎汤 Oyster soup
紫菜汤 Seaweed soup
酸辣汤 Sweet & sour soup
馄饨汤 Wonton soup
猪肠汤 Pork intestine soup
肉羹汤 Pork thick soup
鱿鱼汤 Squid soup
花枝羹 Squid thick soup
甜 点
爱玉 Vegetarian gelatin
糖葫芦 Tomatoes on sticks
长寿桃 Longevity Peaches
芝麻球 Glutinous rice same balls
麻花 Hemp flowers
双胞胎 Hor hooves
冰 类
绵绵冰 Mein mein ice
麦角冰 Oatmeal ice
地瓜冰 Sweet potato ice
紅豆牛奶冰 Red bean with milk ice
八宝冰 Eight treasures ice
豆花 Tofu pudding
果 汁
甘蔗汁 Sugar cane juice
酸梅汁 Plum juice
杨桃汁 Star fruit juice
青草茶 Herb juice
点 心
牡蛎煎 Oyster omelet
臭豆腐 Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu)
油豆腐 Oily bean curd
麻辣豆腐 Spicy hot bean curd
虾片 Prawn cracker
虾球 Shrimp balls
春卷 Spring rolls
蛋卷 Chicken rolls
碗糕 Salty rice pudding
筒仔米糕 Rice tube pudding
红豆糕 Red bean cake
绿豆糕 Bean paste cake
糯米糕 Glutinous rice cakes
萝卜糕 Fried white radish patty
芋头糕 Taro cake
肉圆 Taiwane Meatballs
水晶饺 Pyramid dumplings
肉丸 Rice-meat dumplings
豆干 Dried tofu
其 他
当归鸭 Angelica duck
槟榔 Betel nut
火锅 Hot pot
西餐 (Western Food)
头盘及沙拉类
腌熏三文鱼 Smoked Salmon 腌三文鱼 Marinated Salmon with Lemon and Capers
凯撒沙拉 Caesar Salad 鲜蘑鸡肝批 Chicken Liver Terrine with Morels
奶酪瓤蟹盖 Baked Stuffed Crab Shell 鲜果海鲜沙拉 Seafood Salad with Fresh
Fruit
厨师沙拉 Chef's Salad 金枪鱼沙拉 Tuna Fish Salad 尼斯沙拉 Salad Nicoi
汤类
奶油蘑菇汤 Cream of Mushroom Soup 奶油胡萝卜汤 Cream of Carrot Soup
奶油芦笋汤 Cream of Asparagus Soup 番茄浓汤 Traditional Tomato Soup
海鲜周打汤 Seafood Chowder 法式洋葱汤 French Onion Soup
牛肉清汤 Beef Consommé 匈牙利浓汤 Hungarian Beef Goulash
香浓牛尾汤 Oxtail Soup 意大利蔬菜汤 Minestrone Soup 蔬菜干豆汤 Hearty
Lentil Soup
牛油梨冻汤 Chilled Avocado Soup 西班牙番茄冻汤 Gazpacho
禽类
红酒鹅肝 Braid Goo Liver in Red Wine 奶酪火腿鸡排 Chicken Cordon Bleu
烧瓤春鸡卷 Grilled Stuffed Chicken Rolls 红酒烩鸡 Braid Chicken with Red
Wine
烤鸡胸酿奶酪蘑菇馅 Baked Chicken Breast Stuffed with Mushrooms and Chee
炸培根鸡肉卷 Deep-Fried Chicken and Bacon Rolls
水波鸡胸配意式香醋汁 Poached Chicken Breast with Balsamic Sauce
烤火鸡配红浆果少司 Roast Turkey with Cranberry Sauce 烤瓤火鸡 Roast
Stuffed Turkey
烧烤鸡腿 Barbecued Chicken Leg
烤柠檬鸡腿配炸薯条 Roasted Lemon Marinade Chicken Leg with French Fries
扒鸡胸 Char-Grilled Chicken Breast 咖喱鸡 Chicken Curry
秘制鸭胸配黑菌炒土豆 Pan-fried Duck Breast with Sautéed Potatoes and
Truffles
牛肉类
红烩牛肉 Stewed Beef 白烩小牛肉 Fricad Veal
牛里脊扒配黑椒少司 Grilled Beef Tenderloin with Black Pepper Sauce
扒肉眼牛排 Grilled Beef Rib-Eye Steak
西冷牛排配红酒少司 Roast Beef Sirloin Steak with Red Wine Sauce
T骨牛扒 T-Bone Steak 烤牛肉 Roast Beef
罗西尼牛柳配苯酒汁 Beef Tenderloin and Goo Liver with Truffle and Port
Wine Sauce
青椒汁牛柳 Beef Tenderloin Steak with Green Peppercorn Sauce
铁板西冷牛扒 Sizzling Sirloin Steak
香煎奥斯卡仔牛排 Pan-fried Veal Steak Oscar with Hollandai Sauce
咖喱牛肉 Beef Curry 威灵顿牛柳 Fillet Steak Wellington
俄式牛柳丝 Beef Stroganoff 烩牛舌 Braid Ox-Tongue 红烩牛膝 Osso Bucco
黑胡椒鹿柳配野蘑菇和芹菜烤面皮 Venison Fillet Black Pepper Coat with Wild
Mushroom and Celery Brick
猪肉类
烧烤排骨 Barbecued Spare Ribs 烟熏蜜汁肋排 Smoked Spare Ribs with Honey
意大利米兰猪排 Pork Piccatta 瓤馅猪肉卷配黄桃汁 Stuffed Poke Roulade With
Yellow Peach Sauce 煎面包肠香草汁 Pan-fried Swiss Meat Loaf with Pesto Sauce
炸猪排 Deep-Fried Pork Chop
羊肉类
扒羊排 Grilled Lamb Chop 扒新西兰羊排 Grilled New Zealand Lamb Chop
烤羊排配奶酪和红酒汁 Roast Lamb Chop with Chee and Red Wine Sauce
羊肉串 Lamb Kebabs 烤羊腿 Roasted Mutton Leg
鱼和海鲜类
海鲜串 Seafood Kebabs 扒金枪鱼 Grilled Tuna Steak
扒挪威三文鱼排 Grilled Norwegian Salmon Fillet
三文鱼扒配青柠黄油 Grilled Salmon with Lime Butter
比目鱼柳和扇贝配红酒核桃汁 Braid Sole fillet & Sea Scallops with Red Wine
and Walnuts
煎比目鱼 Pan-fried Whole Sole
烤三文鱼柳配香草汁和黑橄榄酱 Roasted Salmon Fillet With Pesto Black Olive
Purée
烤三文鱼排意大利宽面和藏红花汁 Roasted Salmon Steak With Tagliatelle &
Saffron Sauce 煎红加吉鱼排 Grilled Red Snapper Fillet
黄油柠檬汁扒鱼柳 Grilled Fish Fillet in Lemon Butter Sauce
扒大虾 Grille king Prawns 蒜茸大虾 Grilled King Prawns with Garlic Herb
Butter
巴黎黄油烤龙虾 Baked Lobster with Garlic Butter
奶酪汁龙虾 Gratinated Lobster in Mornay Sauce
香炸西班牙鱿鱼圈 Deep-Fried Squid Rings
荷兰汁青口贝 Gratinated Musls Hollandai Sauce
蛋类
火腿煎蛋 Fried Eggs with Ham 洛林乳蛋饼 Quiche Lorraine 熘糊蛋 Scrambled
Eggs
面、粉及配菜类
海鲜通心粉 Macaroni with Seafood 海鲜意粉 Spaghetti with Seafood
意大利奶酪千层饼 Chee Lasagna 什莱奶酪比萨饼 Pizza Vegetarian
海鲜比萨 Seafood Pizza 烤牛肉蘑菇比萨 Roast Beef and Mushroom Pizza
肉酱意大利粉 Spaghetti Bolognai
意大利奶酪馄饨 Chee Ravioli in Herbed Cream Sauce
咖喱海鲜炒饭 Stir-Fried Seafood Rice with Curry
红花饭 Saffron Rice 阿拉伯蔬菜黄米饭 Couscous with Vegetables 西班牙海鲜饭 Paella
牛肉汉堡包 Beef Burger 鸡肉汉堡包 Chicken Burger 美式热狗 American Hot Dog
俱乐部三文治 Club Sandwich 金枪鱼三文治 Tuna Fish Sandwich
烤牛肉三文治 Roasted Beef Sandwich 健康三文治 Healthy Sandwich
烟熏三文鱼 Smoked Salmon 土豆泥 Mashed Potatoes
里昂那土豆 Lyonnai Potatoes 公爵夫人土豆 Duches Potatoes
烩红椰菜 Braid Red Cabbage with Apple
甜品
西点类
黑森林蛋糕 Black Forest Cake 英式水果蛋糕 English Fruit Cake
草莓奶酪蛋糕 Strawberry Chee Cake
草莓蛋糕 Strawberry Cake 蓝莓奶酪蛋糕 Blueberry Chee Cake
美式奶酪蛋糕 American Chee Cake
绿茶奶酪蛋糕 Green Tea Chee Cake 意大利提拉米苏 Italian Tiramisu
大理石奶酪蛋糕 Marble Chee Cake 咖啡奶酪蛋糕 Coffee Chee Cake
红莓松糕 Cranberry Muffin 干果派 Mixed Nuts Pie 蓝莓松糕 Blueberry Muffin
琳泽蛋糕 Linzer Cake 芒果木司蛋糕 Mango Mous Cake
草莓酥条 Strawberry Napoleon Sliced 巧克力榛子蛋糕 Chocolate Hazelnut Cake
巧克力木司 Chocolate Mous 水果脆皮酥盒 Puff Pastry with Fruits
维也纳巧克力蛋糕 Sacher Cake 热情果木司 Passion Mous
杏仁多纳圈 Almond Donuts 牛奶巧克力多纳圈 Milk Chocolate Donuts
鲜水果配沙巴洋 Fruit with Sabayon 水果蛋挞 Fresh Fruit Tart
白巧克力奶油布丁 White Chocolate Brulee 绿茶布丁 Green Tea Pudding
芒果布丁 Mango Pudding 热枣布丁 Warm Sticky Date Pudding 香草布丁 Vanilla
Pudding
焦糖布丁 Cream Caramel / Caramel Custard 果仁布朗尼 Walnut Brownies
咖啡剧本蛋糕 Coffee Opera Slice
饼干及其它
手指饼 Lady Finger 蝴蝶酥 Butterfly Cracker 巧克力曲奇 Chocolate Cookies
爆米花(甜/咸) Popcorn(Sweet/Salt) 香草冰淇淋 Vanilla Ice Cream
巧克力冰淇淋 Chocolate Ice Cream 草莓冰淇淋 Strawberry Ice Cream
绿茶冰淇淋 Green Tea Ice Cream 冰霜 Sherbets
冰糖莲子银耳羹 Candied Lotus Seed & White Fungus Soup
草莓奶昔 Strawberry Milk Shake
面包类
水果丹麦 Fruit Danish 牛角包 Croissant 袋子包 Pita Bread Plain
农夫包 Farmer Bread 洋葱包 Onion Loaf 全麦包 Whole Wheat Bread
软包 Soft Roll 硬包 Hard Roll 长法棍 French Baguette吐司面包 Toast
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