词性变化和词性转换

2024年1月22日发(作者：韦树模)

一、合成

有两个或两个以上的词合成的一个词。如:合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词等。fire + man ----fireman

good+looking -----good-looking

any+time ----anytime

一、派生

1、前缀:加前缀通常改变词义

反义词:

un: healthy---unhealthy usual---unusual

happy---unhappy

dis: honest---dishonest appear---disappear

like---dislike cover---discover

im: possible---impossible

in: dependent ----independent

一、派生

1、前缀:加前缀通常改变词义

反义词:

un: healthy---unhealthy usual---unusual

happy---unhappy

dis: honest---dishonest appear---disappear

like---dislike cover---discover

im: possible---impossible

in: dependent ----independent

2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性

(1)名词后缀:

-er: manage—manager, own---owner, record---recorder

report---reporter, teach---teacher, wait---waiter

win----winner, work---worker , write---writer

--or: visit---visitor , act---actor, invent---inventor

-ress: wait---waitress, act---actress

-(t)ion: invent—invention, pollute---pollution,

attract—attraction, suggest---suggestion

collect---collection, locate---location,

operate---operation, protect---protection

solve---solution, add---addition

2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性

(1)名词后缀:

-ation: invite---invitation, organize---organization

-(s)ion: discuss---discussion, decide---decision

-ment: develop---development, amu—amument

adverti---advertiment

-ce: enter---entrance

-ing: meet---meeting, paint---painting, say---saying

begin---beginning, build---building

2、后缀:加后缀一般改变词性

(2)名词+ist ; er变成表示人的名词

-ist: science--scientist, art—artist, tour—tourist

-er: farm---farmer, engine---engineer, law---lawyer

(3)形容词+ness, ty,ity, th, ce, dom变成名词

-ness: kind—kindness, ill—illness;

-ty: safe—safety, difficult—difficulty, honest—honesty

-ity: electric—electricity, national—nationality,

active—activity, able—ability

-th: true—truth, long—length

-ce:different—difference, important—importance

-dom: free—freedom, wi—wisdom,

(2) 动词后缀:

1.名词+ize变成动词:-ize: memory---memorize

2. 形容词+en 变成动词:wide—widen

(3). 形容词后缀:

1.名词+ed, ful, y, ly, ive, al, cal, en, (i)an变成形容词

-ed: age—aged, wound—wounded

-ful: power—powerful, care—careful, u—uful success—successful, wonder—wonderful

-y: wind—windy, rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy

snow—snowy, sun—sunny, luck—lucky

noi—noisy, health—healthy, fun—funny,

-ly: love—lovely, friend—friendly,

-ive: act—active

-al: education—educational, office—official,

nation—national, nature—natural, person—personal,

tradition—traditional, physical—physical

-cal: history—historical, chemistry—chemical,

medicine—medical

-en: gold—golden, wood—wooden

-(i)an: Australia—Australian, Canada—Canadian

Italy—Italian, America—American

(4)名词+less 变成形容词,有相反的意思

-less: home—homeless, care—careless, help—helpless

life—lifeless, u—uless;

动词+ful, able, ive变成形容词:

-ful: forget—forgetful, help—helpful, thank—thankful

-able: avail—available, enjoy—enjoyable,

change—changeable,

-ive: attract—attractive

动词+ed, ing变成形容词

-ed: wound—wounded, fry—fried, plea—plead, surpri—surprid, interest—interested,

excite—excited

-ing: amu—amusing, interest—interesting

surpri—surprising, excite--exciting

(4)副词后缀:形容词+y, ly 变副词

-y: gentle—gently, possible—possibly

-ly: accurate—accurately, angry—angrily,

beautiful—beautifully, general—generally,

clear—clearly, complete—completely, final—finally lucky—luckily,

loud—loudly, main—mainly,

quick—quickly, quiet—quietly, real—really,

recent—recently, usual—usually, safe—safely

slow—slowly, rious—riously, soft—softly

wide—widely, true—truly, careful—carefully,

happy—happily, heavy—heavily,

immediate--immediately

(5)基数词后缀:

-teen : four—fourteen, five—fifteen, …

-ty: three—thirty, eight—eighty,

(6) 序数词后缀:

-th: five-fifth, six---sixth, nineteen—nineteenth,

ninety-ninetieth, nine—ninth

特别注意:

one—first—firstly—once

two—cond—condly--twice

1、make a phone call-----call me later

2、change her idea---offer me some changes

3、clean our classroom---keep our classroom clean

4、be sunny and clear---clear the street

5、cook food----a chief cook

6、get a thorough check---check our homework

7、correct our mistakes---a correct answer

8、keep us cool---cool the milk

9、in the dark---dark brown

10、from a desire to become rich---desire happiness

11、leave early-----early morning

12、on my other hand----hand me his book

13、a hard apple----work hard

14、hurry to school ----in a hurry

15、look like ----have a look at

16、work late ----at a late hour---be late for

17、process our problem ---a long process

18、water flowers---enough water

19、weak light----light enough for me to lift

20、walk straight----a straight line

21、some books---book a hotel

22、break the rules----have a break

23、a bright boy----a pair of bright eyes

24、a book in a ca----deal with a ca

25、catch the bus---catch the thief—catch a cold---catch what you

said

26、live in the country----work for our country

27、walk through the crowd----be crowded with

28、my dear---a dear earring

29、my experiences in England----be full of experience

30、I don’t know if…,////If it rains,….

31、run fast----run a restaurant

32、happen to do / happen on Friday

33、manage to do sth./ manage a company

34、the rest of time / have a rest

35、be prent a meeting----give me a prent----at prent

36、still live there-----keep still/stay still----still taller

37、take away---take notes---take a pill---take a bus----It takes

sb. some time to do…-----take photos

38、look after patients-----be patient to students

39、Yes, I will.-----Will you…..------a strong will

When there is a will, there is a way.

40、by train----train us to be excellent ones

41、get along/on with sb. ----- get along /on with our work

42、go ahead , you’ll find a school on your right.-----May I ask

you a question? Go ahead.

43、go in for = take part in------go in for = be fond of

44、our plane will take off-------take off your coat

45、look up at the Oriental Pearl TV Tower= look up a word in the

dictionary

46、run/ be out of food--------walk out of the classroom

47、put on my coat---put on my glass----put on a play

48、take place= be held; take place= happen