动词过去式过去分词现在分词

2024年1月12日发(作者：溥心畲)

动词过去式过去分词现在分词

Edited on July 1, 2023 at 11am

动一、五种基本形式：

词

英语中实义动词和系动词有五种基本形式;原形、现在式用于第三人称单数、过去式用于过去时态、过去分词用于各种完成时态和现在分词用于各种进行时态..

1、

第三人称单数构成与名词由单数变复数

构成规则

例词

一般情况下在动词后直接加-s构成

eat-eats; read-reads; play-plays等

以e结尾的直接加-s

write-writes; come-comes;

clo-clos等

以s;x;z;sh;ch以及字母o结尾的Watch-watches; go-es; finish-动词;后加-es

finishes等

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词;应将ystudy-studies; fly-flies等

改为i再加-es

2、规则动词过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成方法

原形

构成规例词

则

一般情turn

况

以-e结move;love

尾的

以辅音try;study

字母加y结尾的

以元音stay;play

字母加y结尾的

以重读stop;plan

闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个过去式和过去分词

构成规例词

则

加-ed

turned

只加-d

moved;

loved

tried

studied

stayed

played

现在分词

构成规例词

则

加-ing

turning

去掉e再加-ing

直接加-ing

moving;

loving

trying;

studying

应将y改为i再加-ed

直接加-ed

直接加-staying;

ing

playing

双写末stopping;

尾的辅planning

音字母再加-ing

双写末stopped

尾的辅planned

音字母再加-ed

辅音字母

以r音Prefer;refer

双写末preferred

双写末节结尾尾的rreferred

尾的r的

再加-ed

再加-ing

以ie结lie;die

加-d

lied;died

将ie变尾的

加-ing

3、

常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词一览表

preferring;

referring

lying;

dying

原形

am;is

are

bear

become

begin

break

bring

build

buy

catch

can情态动词

原形

come

cost

cut

do助动词

does助动词

drink

drive

eat

feel

find

fly

forget

get

give

go

grow

have助动词

过去式

was

were

bore

became

began

broke

brought

built

bought

caught

could

过去式

came

cost

cut

did

did

drank

drove

ate

felt

found

flew

forgot

got

gave

went

grew

had

过去分词

been

been

born

become

begun

broken

brought

built

bought

caught

汉语翻译

是

是

忍受熊

成为;变成

开始

打坏;打破

带来

建筑;建设

买

揪住;抓住

能;会

过去分词

汉语翻译

come

来

cost

花费

cut

砍;切

done

做

done

做

drunk

喝

driven

驾驶;开车

eaten

吃

felt

感觉

found

发现;找到

flown

飞行;放飞

forgot/forgotten

忘记

got/gotten

得到

given

给予;给

gone

走;去

grown

成长;种植

had

有

has助动词

hear

know

learn

leave

lend

let

lie

lo

make

meet

may情态动词

must情态动词

pay

put

read

ride

ring

run

say

e

ll

shall情态动词

sing

sit

原形

sleep

smell

speak

spell

spend

stand

sweep

swim

take

teach

tell

think

wear

win

had

heard

knew

learned/learnt

left

lent

let

lay

lost

made

met

might

must

paid

put

read

rode

rang

ran

said

saw

sold

should

sang

sat

过去式

slept

smelt

spoke

spelt

spent

stood

swept

swam

took

taught

told

thought

wore

won

had

heard

known

learned/learnt

left

lent

let

lain

lost

made

met

paid

put

read

ridden

rung

run

said

en

sold

sung

sat

过去分词

slept

smelt

spoken

spelt

spent

stood

swept

swum

took

taught

told

thought

worn

won

有

听见

知道;了解

学习

离开;留下

借给

让

躺下

丢失

制造;制作

遇见

可以

必须

付钱;赔偿

放

读

骑;乘

钟、铃响;鸣

跑

说

看见

卖

将

唱

坐

汉语翻译

睡

闻起来;嗅

说

拼读;拼写

花费;度过

站

打扫

游泳

带去;花费;乘

教

告诉

想;思考

穿戴

获胜;赢

write

will情态动词

wrote

would

written

laugh

shout

point

like

live

look

walk

show

laughed/’la:ft/

shouted

pointed

liked

lived

写

将;愿;会

looked

walked

showed

笑

喊;叫

指出;指向

喜欢

生活;居住现场直播的

看

步行

给…看;显露出;表明

二、动词时态

定义：时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式..

四类：一般时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态..每一类时态都对应四种时间：过去、现在、将来、过去将来..常用8种时态：一般现在时;一般过去时;一般将来时;现在进行时;过去进行时;现在完成时;过去完成时和过去将来时..

1、一般现在时

常见频度副词有：always总是;一直;often; usually; never;

sometimes等

地球围绕着太阳转：The earth moves around the sun.表客观存在的真理或科学事实..

公交车来了：Here comes the bus.以here; there等开始的倒装句;表示动作正在进行..

2、一般过去时

有确定的时间状语;如：yesterday; two days ago; last+年/月/星期;the other day; just now; in the old days; the day before

yesterday前天;this morning/afternoon; at the age of+过去年龄段;when引导的状语从句过去;at+过去时间点;in+过去的年份等..

3、一般将来时

常用时间副词：tomorrow; soon;today; tonight时间状语短语：next

year/week/month; in a few days; in the future等..

构成：will/shall+动词原形;be going to+动词原形;表示打算和预测..

特殊情形：

be to+动词原形;表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性..如：She is to practice the piano tomorrow. 她明天将练习钢琴..

用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事..

用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事..

be about to+动词原形;表示即将要发生的事..

4、现在进行时

常与look; listen; now连用

5、过去进行时

the whole morning; all day yesterday; from nine to ten last

evening; when; while等标志性词语;主要表示过去某一时刻或表示过去某一阶段正在发生或进行的动作..

6、现在完成时：

常见时间状语：always; yet; just; ever; before;the days;

recently; in the past/few时间段;since+时间点;for+时间段 等..

构成：have/has+动词的过去分词

7、过去完成时

8、过去将来时

Would+动词原形