初中英语名词专项讲解

名词

一 导入：

有一天，一只老钟对一只小钟说：“你一年里要摆525600下啦。” 小钟吓坏了，说“哇，

这么多，这怎么可能？！我怎么能完成那么多下呢！” 这时候，另一只老钟笑着说：“不用怕，你只需

一秒钟摆一下，每一秒坚持下来就可以了。” 小钟高兴了，想着：一秒钟摆一下好像并不难啊，试试

看吧。果然，很轻松地就摆了一下。 不知不觉一年过去了，小钟已经摆了525600下！

很简单的故事，却寓意着深刻的道理，当我们面对大困难的时候，往往望而怯步，孰不知只要根据实

际，分期制定小目标，一一完成就行了。

二 专题讲解：

掌握要点：

名词的分类（专有名词和普通名词）

名词的数 1）区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法

2）可数名词的复数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化

名词所有格 含义、构成 两种形式：’s所有格及of所有格

知识点：

一、名词的分类

1.专有名词：名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期（节日、星

期、月份）

例句：My name is Lucy. I am a Chine. I will go to the Great Wall on Monday.

2.普通名词: 包括可数名词和不可数名词

个体名词 表示个体的人或事物 例: sister、table、bike、window

可数名词

集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物 例: family、police、class、group

物质名词 表示构成物体的物质或材料 例: water、air、wood

不可数名词

抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等 例: danger、interest

区分方法：将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名

词。

注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不可数。

身兼二职的名词对照表

glass fish chicken time

可数 玻璃杯 鱼类 小鸡 次、倍

不可数 玻璃 鱼肉 鸡肉 时间

orange light paper hair

可数 橘子 电灯 报纸/试卷 （几根）头发

不可数 橘汁 光 纸 头发

exerci idea life work

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

No Cross, No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.

可数 练习题 主意/意见 生命 著作

不可数 锻炼 了解 生活 工作

turkey radio youth experience

可数 火鸡 收音机 青年人 经历

不可数 火鸡肉 无线电 年轻、青春 经验

interest room

可数 爱好 房间

不可数 兴趣 空间

【注意】

（1） family, class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数；

（2） 部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：

① police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。The police(主语)+谓语动词复数

② people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。(The)…people+谓语动词复数

people指民族，有单、复数变化 e.g. fifty-six peoples 五十六个民族

二、名词的单复数形式

(1) 规则变化：

名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s或-es

1、 一般情况在词尾直接加s , 例 bags。

2、 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词加-es，例bus-bus box-boxes。

3、 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，y变成i加-es 例 city-cities；以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加s。

4、以o结尾的除potato(马铃薯)、tomato(西红柿)、hero(英雄)加es，其余直接加s。

5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v加es, roof、proof直接加-s，

例 life-lives wife-wives roof –roofs。

(2)不规则变化

1、单词拼写发生变化man-men woman-women policeman-policemen foot-feet tooth-teeth mou-mice

child-children

2、某国人变复数，口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面

例：an Englishman-Englishmen an American-Americans

3、单复数形式相同 常用分以下几类：

表示动物的名词 deer 鹿，fish 鱼，sheep 绵羊，bison 野牛，crab 螃蟹

表示人的名词 Chine 中国人，Japane 日本人，Swiss瑞士人，kin 亲

craft及由-craft构成的名词 craft 飞机，aircraft 飞机， spacecraft 太空船

表示数量的名词 Hundred百，thousand千，million百万，dozen一打， score

其他 ries 系列；species种类；means方法

属

二十

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No Cross, No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.

(3)不可数名词一般只用单数，它不能与a/an及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。

例：a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡) two glass of milk(两杯牛奶)

three pieces of paper(三张纸) four bottles of water(四杯水)

三、名词所有格

含义：名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。

表示形式：一种是’s所有格，一种是of所有格

Beijing is China’s capital.= Beijing is the captital of China.

This is Tom’s bike = This is the bike of Tom.

Lily is the key’s owner.= Lily is the owner of the key.

1、’s所有格构成

单数名词及不以s结尾的复数名词，只需在词尾加’s，如 Lucy’s pen路西的钢笔Children’s Day（儿童

节）；以s结尾的复数名词，只加 ’ , 如the students’ books 学生们的书。

2、几个人共有的东西，只需在最后一个人的名词后加’s, 如 Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和莉莉的卧

室)。表示各自所有，则每个名词都加’s, 如 Lucy’s and Lily’s desks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。

所有格：

1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。

the map of China the door of the room

2).双重所有格：

of + 名词所有格 of + 名词性的物住代词

He is a friend of my _________(brother ) .

Is she a daughter of __________(you)?

典型例题讲解

1. They got much _____ from tho new books.

A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories

2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.

A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges

C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges

3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .

A. 25 minutes’ walk B. 25 minute’s walk

C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk

4. An old _______ wants to e you.

A. people B. person C. the people D. the person

5. Help yourlf to __________.

A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple

C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples

6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

No Cross, No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.

A. room’s number B. rooms’ number C. room numbers D. rooms’ numbers

7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her cond _________.

A. family B. hou C. home D. room

8. ________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, becau they have gone to Shanghai .

A. Mary and Peter’s B. Mary and Peter

C. Mary’s and Peter D. Mary’s and Peter’s

9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.

A. her uncle B. her uncle’s C. her uncles D. aunt’s

10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.

A. many experiences B. much experience

C. an experience D. a lot experience

11. A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.

A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sister’s

12. A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.

A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans

C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen

team ________ having a meeting .

A. is B. are C. am D. be

14. “Would you like _________?” “________, plea.”

A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees

C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees

15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.

and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions

C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions

三 巩固训练：

1. This is ___ reading-room.

A. the teacher’s B. teacher’s C. teacher’s D. the teachers’

2. Nothing was found but ___ broken.

A. the room window B. the room’s window C. the room of the window D. the window of room

3. How many___ would you like?

A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread

4. He was praid for his ___.

A. brave B. bravery C. bravely D. great brave

5. Plea get me a new ___ when you go to town.

A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trours

6. There are 34___ doctors in the hospital.

A. woman B. women C. woman’s D. women’s

7. Some___ are even thinner than your little finger.

A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos

8. He was born in this town and now he lives in ___.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

No Cross, No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.

A. Building cond B. Building Two C. the Building Two D. Building the Second

9. Old as he is, he has ___to do every day.

A. a lot of work B. much works

C. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks

10. Jack’s room is furnished with ___.

A. new furnitures B. many new furnitures

C. many new pieces of furnitures D. many new pieces of furniture

11. Have you read ___newspaper yet?

A. today’s B. Today’s

C. the today’s D. your today’s

12. It’s not far, only ___walk from here to our school.

A. a ten minutes B. ten minutes

C. a ten minutes’ D. ten minutes’

13. Last month, he wrote me ___letter.

A. a 1000-word B. 1000 words

C. a 1000-words D. 1000 words’

14. He had a ___sleep yesterday.

A. a good night B. a good-night

C. a good night’s D. good-night’s

15. ___is not a long way to drive.

A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distance

C. Three miles’ distance D. A three-mile-distance

16. His isn’t fit for the work. Plea get me ___.

A. something el B. somebody el

C. someone else’s D. somebody’s el

17. Do you know how large ___ is?

A. population of China B. Chine population

C. China population D. China’s population

18. ___ is too much for the boy to carry.

A. The box weight B. The box’s weight

C. The weight of the box D. The box of the weight

19. Excu me, how can I get to the nearest ___ shop?

A. shoes B. shoe

C. shoes’ D. shoe’s

20. What ___ weather we’re having the days!

A. nice B. a nice

C. a bad D. wor

21. They say that the meeting will be ___.

A. of very important B. great importance

C. of great importance D. great important

22. I’m going to call at ___ this evening.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

No Cross, No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.

A. Mr Black B. the Blacks

C. Mr Black’s D. Blacks’

23. What Darwin said was an attack on people’s religious ___.

A. belief B. beliefs

C. beliefs D. believs

24. There are some ___waiting for you outside.

A. German B. American

C. grown-up D. Japane

25. Their factory has developed a kind of ___ to help people walk.

A. machine B. machines

C. a machine D. the machine

26. There’re many ___ in my brother’s album.

A. leafs B. toys

C. books D. stamps

27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of ___.

A. tomatoes B. potatos

C. vegetable D. meats

28. Upon hearing what I said, his ___ ro.

A. anger B. angry

C. angrily D. angriness

29. Excu me, can you change this ___ for me?

A. five-pound note B. five pounds note

C. five-pound notes D. five pounds notes

30. You have to make ___ for your journey

A. preparing B. preparation

C. a preparation D. preparations

四 课堂过手训练：

1. We haven't got much for our picnic. Will you go and get some? (07)

A apple B tomato C bread D biscuit

2.I’ve read_____ sports news about the Fl race today.(05)

A two B pieces C two piece D two pieces of

3. Linda, I've bought many . Now let's make the birthday cake. （03）

A. fresh eggs B. chocolate milk C. frozen food D rice dumplings

4. You can get much ____________ about the World Expo on the Internet. (01)

A) map D) information B) picture C) ticket

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

No Cross, No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.

5. Come on, children. Help yourlves to some if you like.(07年南通)

A fishes and chicken B fishes and chicken

C fish and chicken D fishes and chickens

got much _ on the Interne. (07年天津)

A photo B. ideas C message D. information

7. In the streets there are_________ of different colours and sizes.

A. taxi B. the taxi C. the taxis D. taxis

8. The girls will become________. when they graduate from the medical college.

A. woman doctors B. women's doctors

C. women doctors D. the women doctor's

9. Usually________ are very careful in doing exercis.

A. girl students B. girls students

C. girls' students D. girl's students

10. The waitress brought us_______.

A. glass of juices B. glass of juice

C. glass of juices D. glass of juice

五 学生反思总结：

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No Cross, No crown 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹.