高中英语时态

高中英语时态-现在完成进行时讲解及提升练习

构成形式

I / we / you / they have been + 动词的现在分词

He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词

基本句型

肯定式 第一人称 have been doing sth.

疑问式 Have 第一人称 been doing sth.

简略回答 Yes， 第一人称 have. No， 第一人称 haven't.

肯定式 第三人称 has been doing sth.

疑问式 Has 第三人称been doing sth.

简略回答 Yes， 第三人称has. No， 第三人称hasn't.

1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：

Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.

Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：

It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)

Jack has been feeling very well recently.

3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，

如：

She has been playing tennis since she was eight.

4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：

Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.

The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.

标志:1.句中常有延续性动词 ，2.时间点前有since。

[1]

用法

现在完成进行时(Prent perfect continuous)

主语+have/has+been+动词-ing(延续性动词)

（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。

The Chine have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有2019年的造

纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）

I have been learning English three years ago.三年以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继

续下去）

（二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。

We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如

同在电话里说的，还会继续等)

（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。

They have been living in this city for ten years.

They have lived in this city for ten years.

他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。（动作还将继续下去）

I have been working here for five years.

I have worked here for five years.

我在这里已经工作五年了。（动作还将继续下去）

（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。

I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书。

I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书。

They have been building a bridge.他们一直在造一座桥。（动作还将继续下去）

They have built a bridge.他们造了一座桥。（动作已经完成）

（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。

I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了。

* I have

这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，think想等等。

（六）一些现在完成时的句子也与现在完成进行时的句子含义相同

延续性动词在现在完成时与现在完成进行时时态中使用，句意相同。例如：

She has slept for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.

She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.她已经睡了6个小时，

到现在还没有醒来。

(七）表示现在以前一直在进行的动作强调动作的未完成性

It has been raining for 3 days。已经下了3天的雨了（现在还没停止）

对比

1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去

发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间

状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:

this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

不确定的时间状语

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn,

work, study, know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married

等。

举例：

I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）

I have en this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有包装，可能为不公平竞争。）

She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。

She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。

He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)

He joined the League three years ago.( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)

I have finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

---He's already been nt for.

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完

成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

注意

现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。

现在完成时态可表示做完的事情以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以。

在当代英语中，现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。如：

Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自

从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好。

He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t had that much contact with him.

他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。

否定句构成：

主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词+其他

一般疑问句构成:

Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他

提升练习

一、单项选择

1When the famous pianist turns thirty, he ______ the piano for more than twenty years.

．

Aplays Bwill play Chas been playing Dwill have been

．．．．

playing

2—Will you take over at the next rvice area? I want a short rest.

．

—Sure. You ______ for over four hours by then.

Ahave driven Bhave been driving

．．

Cwill be driving Dwill have been driving

．．

3Since the time humankind started gardening, we _____to make our environment more beautiful.

．

Atry Bhave been trying

．．

Care trying Dwill try

．．

4(2014·)Traffic conditions in Beijing________for first people

．东北三省三校一联

only complained about jams during rush hoursbut today every hour is rush hour.

，

Ais worning Bhave worned

．．

Chave been worning Dworned

．．

5 It ems that water from this tap ________ for some 'll have to take it apart to put it

．

right.

Ahad leaked Bis leaking

．．

Cleaked Dhas been leaking

．．

6The girl has a great interest in sport and _______ badminton class twice a week over the last

．

three years.

Atook Bis taking Ctakes Dhas been taking

．．．．

7---I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.

．

---I think so. He _____ for it months.

Ais preparing Bhas been preparing Cwas preparing Dhad been preparing

．．．．

8For some time now, Chine people, under the leadership of CPC, ______ the contents of the

．

Scientific Development Theory in the cour of practicing socialism in China.

Ahad been improving Bhave been improving

．．

Cwere improving Dimproved

．．

9The manager _______ the workers how to improve the program since

．

Ahas told Bis telling Chas been telling Dwill have told

．．．．

10The company ________ a ri in salary for ages but nothing has happened yet.

．

Ahas been promising Bhad promid Cpromid Dpromis

．．．．

11Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School,where

．

she_______English for a year.

Astudies Bstudied

．．

Cis studying Dhas been studying

．．

12Over the past decades, a ice ________ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.

．

Ahad decread Bdecread

．．

Chas been decreasing Dis decreasing

．．

13Mr. Smith ________ his pupils how to prepare for the test since 8 am, but no one listens to

．

him.

Ahas told Bis telling

．．

Chas been telling Dwill have told

．．

14In order to find the missing child, villagers _____ all they can over the past five hours.

．

Adid Bdo

．．

Chad done Dhave been doing

．．

15Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she ______ since her marriage to Father.

．

Ashoulders Bshouldered

．．

Cis shouldering Dhas been shouldering

．．

16I’m tired out. I__________all afternoon and I don’t em to have finished anything.

．

Ashopped Bhave shopped

．．

Chad shopped Dhave been shopping

．．

17To strengthen Japan's diplomatic influence and increa military prence across the world,

．

Abe () ________ a greater role for his country in international affairs since he took office.

安倍

Asought Bhad sought Cis eking Dhas been eking

．．．．

18Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.

．

Aworked Bhas been working

．．

Chad worked Dhas worked

．．

19—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.

．

—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since.

Awrote Bhad written Chas been writing Dis writing

．．．．

20I a report about the air pollution in my hometown all the morning and haven’t finished

．

it yet.

Awrote Bhave been writing

．．

Cwas writing Dhave written

．．

21—Sorry, I’m late.

．

—That’s OK. I _________ long.

Ahaven’t waited Bdon’t wait

．．

Chaven’t been waiting Ddidn’t wait

．．

22—Tony, why are your eyes red?

．

—I ________ up peppers for the last five minutes.

Acut Bwas cutting

．．

Chad cut Dhave been cutting

．．

23— Hi, Jack, you look so tired.

．

—I’m tired. I the kitchen all day.

Apainted Bhad painted

．．

Chave been painting Dwas painting

．．

242018·97—You look pretty tired today!

．（题文）（江苏校联考）

—I an environmental report over the last few days, which should be submitted to the

boss tomorrow.

Awrote Bwas writing

．．

Chad written Dhave been writing

．．

25—I think the paper is taking you a long time to write.

．

—I ______ on it for almost a month now.

Aworked Bwas working

．．

Cam working Dhave been working

．．

262016·Dashan, who ____________ crosstalk, the Chine comedic

．（江苏卷﹒单项填空）

tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.

Awill be learning Bis learning

．．

Chad been learning Dhas been learning

．．

27According to the newly-elected French president, Macron, France will reform the rigid and

．

outdated rules that ________ the development of the country in the near future.

Alimited Bhad limited

．．

Chave been limiting Dwill limit

．．

28—Wow, I didn’t know you play golf so well.

．

—I ____________ for the last 6 months.

Aplay Bplayed

．．

Cam playing Dhave been playing

．．

29I am so tiredfor I ________ English for 2 hours.

．，

Ais studying Bhave been studying

．．

Cwas studying Dhad been studying

．．

30Housing prices_______ since the end of the last year. Therefore, it’s time the central

．

government______ some effective measures to bring them under control.

Ahave incread; would take Bhave incread; will take

．．

Chave been increasing; take Dhave been increasing; took

．．

31—Jack, you look a little off colour.

．

—Well, I ____________ late to finish my report the days which is due this Friday.

Awas staying up Bhave been staying up

．．

Chad stayed up Dwas to stay up

．．

32Housing prices ____________ since the end of last year. Therefore, it’s time the central

．

government ____________ some effective measures to bring them under control.

Ahave increadwould take Bhave increadwill take

．；．；

Chave been increasingtakes Dhave been increasingtook

．；．；

33Excu me, Madam. Ellen, a journalist from the Daily Mail ____________ all day. Could you

．

speak to him now?

Aphones Bhas phoned

．．

Cphoned Dhas been phoning

．．

34They must be very tired nowfor they ________ in the field the whole morning.

．，

Aworked Bare working

．．

Chad worked Dhave been working

．．

35—WhyJackyou look so tired!

．，，

—WellI ________ the hou and I must finish the work tomorrow.

，

Awas painting Bwill be painting

．．

Chave painted Dhave been painting

．．

36Housing prices_____ since a few years ago. Therefore, it’s time the central government

．

_____ some effective measures to bring them under control.

Ahave incread; would take Bhave incread; will take

．．

Chave been increasing; takes Dhave been increasing; took

．．

37I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem unless he ____________ on it for more

．

than half an hour.

Ais working Bworked

．．

Cwill be working Dhas been working

．．

38—Adam, why are you looking so tired? What are you busy with?

．

—I ____________ for weeks for the coming Mid-Autumn Festival concert.

Awill be preparing Bhad prepared

．．

Cam going to prepare Dhave been preparing

．．

39I think the Egyptians ____________ to tell us in the pictures, which scientists found by

．

accident, for 3,000 years that this is how they built the pyramids.

Atry Btried

．．

Care trying Dhave been trying

．．

40Shall the kids take a break? They ____________ homework in the study for nearly two hours!

．

Adid Bhave done

．．

Care doing Dhave been doing

．．

41The housing price in Suzhou ________ sharply recently, so new measures are to be taken to

．

control it.

Ahas been rising Bwill ri Cris Dhad rin

．．．．

42People _______ about what our future will look like for thousands of years .

．

Ahave been wondering Bwonder Cwondered Dwill

．．．．

wonder

43—You are a great swimmer.

．

—Thanks. It’s becau I ______ a lot the days.

Ahave been practising Bwas practising

．．

Cwould practi Dhad practid

．．

44The number of visitors ______ steadily since the reopening, despite a sharp decline compared

．

to normal years.

Ahas rin Bis rising

．．

Chad been rising Dhas been rising

．．

45In addition to filling stomachs of his family, he _________himlf to improving the quality of

．

the homeless people’s life for years,

Ahas been devoting Bwould devote

．．

Cis devoting Ddevotes

．．

答案

1D2D3B4C5D6D7B8B9C10A11D12C13C14D15D16D

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

17D18B19C20B21C22D23C24D25D26D27C28D29B30D31B

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

32D33D34D35D36D37D38D39D40D41A42A43A44D45A

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

二、汉译英（整句）

1.()

中国一直在为了全体公民的利益而推行改革。汉译英

2.()

他一直在写一封信。（仍然在写）汉译英

3.()

你最近常和那对夫妇见面吗？汉译英

4.()

我等你已有两个小时了。（可能表示不满）汉译英

5.+

全球气候一直在变化。（主谓）（汉译英）

答案

has been pushing the reform for the benefit of all its citizens.

has been writing a letter.

you been meeting the couple recently?

4.I have been waiting for you for two hours.

world climate has been changing.

三、用单词的适当形式完成句子

________ (paint) the room all the morning.

2.I________ (wait) for you since morning.

________ (sit) there studying all evening.

4.—You look dirty. What have you been doing?

—I________ (clean) the garage.

5.I________ (not feel) very well for the past few days.

6.—let’s take a coffee break.

—You said it. We________ (work) for hours.

7.For the past two yearsGordon's students________ ( study) ways to kill bacteria in zero

，

gravityand they think they're clo to a solution.

，

8.Mary ________ to the library for a year.(go)

n as well as many other industrial countries, ________(experience)major changes over the

last 100years.

. Smith, along with his students, ________ (work) on the project day and night to finish the

task ahead of time.

husband died becau of smoking last month and she ________(ban) her son from

smoking ever since.

12.I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ________ (work)on it for more

than an hour.

knee joints have been ________ (ache) for a week.

the past few months, we ________(interview) and filming young players about their

interest in basketball.

15.—Thomas, why are your eyes red?

—I ________ (cut) up onions for the last five minutes.

16.Dashan, who______(learn) crosstalk, the Chine comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix

it up with the Western stand-up tradition.

students______(work) hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success

in the end.

______(play) tennis since he was eight.

19.A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson, ______(offer) free rides to college students for the past

eight years.

20.—Excu me, which movie are you waiting for?

—The new Star Wars. We______(wait) here for more than two hours.

that she is out of work, Lucy______(consider) going back to school, but she hasn’t

decided yet.

______(discuss) the matter veral times this year.

! At last! I______(telephone) you all the morning.

24.I ______(read) Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms recently.

ors______(try) to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline

industry expert.

26.—Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere.

—He went to the library after breakfast and______(write) his essay there ever since.

______(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.

28.—Tony, why are your eyes red?

—I______(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.

29.Although both sides___________________(make)efforts,no

conclusion______________(draw)up to now.

30.In addition to the farming they ___________________(do) since the 1990s, the Smiths have

also started a small business in their hometown successfully.

答案：

been been been been not been

been been been experienced/has been

working /has been banned/ has been been

been been been

been been been been been

been been been been

been been been been making has

been drawn been doing has been working