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延续性动词与瞬间动词的转换
一、
瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词或终止性动词。这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束,
所以不能直接跟表示一段的时间状语连用。
那么,如何使瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用呢?此时,我们可以将这些词转换成意义相近的延续
性词(组),从而间接表示其中的意思。
二、瞬间动词与延续性动词的区别:
1、用于完成时的区别
1)延续动词表示经验、经历;
2)瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
eg. has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
2.I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2、用于till和until从句的差异
1)延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做……,直到……”
2)瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到……,才……”
eg. didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10点才回来。
slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
三、瞬间动词到延续性动词的转换:
这里对一些词做一些总结:
瞬间动词 可转换的延续性动词(组)
arrive be here
begin/start be on
die be dead
fall ill/sick/asleep be ill/sick/asleep
get up be up
go out be out
finish be over
put on wear或be on
open be open(adj.)
join be in或be
a member of…
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clo be clod
go to school be a student
borrow keep
buy have
catch(a cold) have(a cold)
get to know know
begin to study study
come to work work
get up be up
leave be away from等
如:
has been a soldier for three years. 他参军三年了。
father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。
have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
现在完成时是初中英语语法的重点之一。它表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态,一直持续到
现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去。可以和以for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,也可以用在以“how
long”提问的句子中,句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。
比如:
Tom has studied Russian for three years.
Green has lived in Beijing for 10 years.
但是,也有些动词所表示的动作是短暂的,这类动词叫做非延续性动词,也叫短暂性动词。
常见的短暂性动:come,leave, go ,die , begin , e ,buy ,borrow , join , lend 等,它们不能直
接与段时间连用。那么,当短暂性动词与一段时间连用时,就要转化为延续性动词。
短暂性动词转化为延续性动词一览表
buy have
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borrow keep
catch/get a cold have a cold
come be
become be
go be
put on wear
join the army be in the army /be a soldier
go to school be a student
die be dead
begin be on
leave be away
fall asleep be asleep
clo be clod
列句:
1. 他离开这儿已经六天了。
He has been away from here for 6 days / since 6 days ago.
2. 他父亲死了3年了。
His father has been dead for 3 years / since 3 years ago.
=It’s 3years since his father died.
=His father died 3 years ago.
注意:
非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语,并可以与for,since引导的时间状语连用,表示
动作的延续过程。
比如:He hasn’t borrowed any books for half a year.
现在完成时中非延续性动词的转换
现在完成时是初中英语语法的重点之一。它表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,
并可以和以for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,也可以用在以“how long”提问的句子中,句子中
的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。但是,有些动词所表示的动作是短暂的,这类动词叫做非延续性动词。如:
come, go, reach, arrive, leave, borrow, buy, join, die, begin, start, finish等。在现在完成时的句子中,非延
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续性动词作谓语动词时,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
同学们在使用这两类动词作谓语动词时,常会出现错误。例如:
(误)Tom has bought the book for a week.
(正)Tom has had the book for a week.
(误)My father had joined the Party for ten years.
(正)My father has been in the Party for ten years.
如果要表示动作的连续性,就要把非延续性动词转换成相应的延续性动词或短语,具体转换如下:
come/go/reach/arrive→be in/at, leave→be away from, borrow→keep, buy→have, join→be in/be a
member of, die→be dead, start/begin→be on, finish/end→be over, open→be open (adj.), clo→be
clod (adj.), marry→be married
注意:
1. 非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语,并可以与for,since引导的时间状语连用,
表示动作的延续过程。例如:
She hasn’t bought any new clothes since last year.
2. 在现在完成时的肯定句中,非延续性动词作谓语时不能与for,since引导的表示一段时间的状语
连用,但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。例如:
He has been away from Beijing for two years.
= He left Beijing two years ago.
= It is two years since he left Beijing.
= Two years has pasd since he left Beijing
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