完成时态知识点全解

更新时间:2023-11-02 13:12:09 阅读: 评论:0


2023年11月2日发(作者:欧信)

星火教育一对一辅导教案

学生姓名 性别 年级 学科

授课教师 上课时间

教学课题

教学目标 完成时态的学习

教学重点

延续性动词,时态的正确使用,句型转换

与难点

教学过程

现在完成时

1,结构:主语+have/has+动词过去分词

例句:I have eaten an apple.

否定:

疑问句:

答句:肯定/否定

2,使用情况:

第一种情况:动作在过去发生,对现在产生影响。

I have lost my keysso I cant go home now.

过去丢了钥匙,但对现在造成了影响回不了家。

又如:He has caught a bad cant go to school.

第二种情况,动作从过去开始发生,并一直持续到现在,并且很有可能继续持续下去。

常和for+时间段/since+过去时间点(词组或从句)连用等时间状语。

常用在完成时中的时间状语:recently, alreadyyetso faruntil now, by now, ever

辨析以下几组词汇:

just now/just, in the past/in the past few years,already/yet

Just 常和完成时连用,just now表刚才,应用一般过去时。

例句:I drank a glass of beer just now.

I have just drunk a glass of beer.just一般位于havehas和过去分词之间)

In the past 在过去的某个时间点,和过去时连用,in the past few years是过去的几年里,是时间段。

例句: I was a teacher in the past

I have been a teacher in the past few years.

already表已经,位置比较灵活:

I have eaten the cake already.

I have already eaten the cake.

yet既可以翻译为已经,也可以翻译为还没。

在填空时需要注意辨别两个中文意义:

Have you found your keys (已经)?

For+时间段:

A I have taught English for 5 years.(时间段)

例句A若改为since:自从 引导:I have taught English since 5 years ago.

两句表达的意义相同,使用方式却不一样,sincefor可以互相转化,只需要将时间段和时间点改

变。

Since的用法:

Since 也可以引导时间状语从句,如:

I have worked in this shop since I was a little girl.

这种情况下的时态选择为:(主句现完,从句一般过

再如:James has been a doctor since he graduated from the university.

需要注意的是,表达某事持续多长时间:it is +一段时间+since从句”

时态选择为:主句一般现在时,从句一般过去时

例:It is two hours since the meeting began.

翻译该句子:

Lucy离开家已经一个礼拜了。(出去旅游了)

.

句子中有明确一段时间,或暗示是一段时间段时,句子中谓语动词必须使用延续性动词,而不是

非延续性动词。非延续性动词不可以和时间段连用。

瞬间动词 一般的延续性形式 完成时的延续性形式

leave be away have/has been away

begin/start/put on

turn off - turn on

end/finish be over have/has been over

buy have

borrow

die be dead

get to know know have/has known

come/go+介词 be+介词 have/has been+介词

open/clo

join/take part in

become be have/has been

get married

fall asleep be asleep have/has been asleep

catch a cold have a cold have/has had a cold

get ud to be ud to have/has been ud to

be on have/has been on

be off - be on have/has been off

keep have/has kept

be open/clod have/has been open/clod

be in+组织/ have/has been in+组织/

be a member of+组织 have/has been a member of+组织

be married have/has been married

have/has had

have/has been dead

例:

I have bought a book for ten days.×

I have had a book for ten days.

练习:

翻译下列句子:

1,我已经结婚六年了。

2Lucy的妹妹已经感冒很久了。

3,把电视音量调小,宝宝已经睡着了。

【注意】

1,忌处处都用延续性动词。

句子中有明显的时间段时,才需要将非延续性动词改为延续性动词。

如:I have bought a new book.

I have had this book for 2 months.

2,不只是完成时态中需要延续性动词,下面这两种也经常考:

我能借这本书多久?

How long can I borrow the book?×

How long can I keep the book?

请在我离开的那段时间照顾狗。

Plea look after my dog when I leave.×

Plea look after my dog while I am away.

3,短暂性动词的否定形式可以看做是延续性动词

例:

We haven't met since three years ago.

【注意】

Have been to ,have gone to , have been in 的区别

have gone to:

在去某地的路上,或者已经离开了出发地,或者已经到了目的地,总之已经离开了说话者的位置,

还没回来

在上表可知,由于go是短暂性动词,故该词组使用时,不可以和时间段的词组连用。

如:James has gone to New York with his family.表示James已经出发离开,或者到了纽约,或者在去

纽约的路上,还没回来。

如:I have gone to Shanghai for two days.×这种表达就是错误的。

Have been to:

曾经去过某地,现在已经回来,或者已经去了其他地方,总之已经离开了。强调人的过往经历,

常和次数连用。

如:I have been to the Great Britain for three times.

注意:0次也是次数!

例:I have never USA .(been to/gone to/been in)

从没去过,隐藏了去了0次的意义。

have been in:

还待在句中提到的位置,小地点可用at。通常会和一段时间连用。

如:Mr. Smith has been in this school for twenty years.待了20年,现在还在这个学校。

练习:

注意,不要学了完成时后,处处都用完成时态。

过去时和完成时的区别:

1,有明确的过去时间状语,如yesterday, last month, a few days ago等。

观察以下填空题:

例:

We have to repair the window becau a strong wind (break) it.

如改为:

We have to repair the window today,becau a strong wind (break) it yesterday.

2,有上下文提示,确定是否对现在有影响,注意but等转折词。

My father __went___ (go) to France veral times in his twenties. Now he teaches French in a famous

university.

答案为一般过去式,而非完成时。


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