4 电梯机房、井道和底坑
Machine room，Well and pit of lift
4-1机房
Machine room
电梯机房一般设置在电梯井道的顶部（机房上置式）。机房内安装有曳引机、导向轮、控制柜、限速器、总电源控制盒等。
Normally located on top of well (upper-placed machine room), machine room includes traction machine, diverter pulley, control cabinet, overspeed governor and main power control box.
4-1-1 控制柜
Control cabinet
电梯控制柜安装在曳引机旁边，是电梯的拖动装置和信号控制中心。如图未然是什么意思4-1所示。早期的电梯控制柜中有接触器、继电器、电容、电阻器、变压器、整流器等。随着电脑、电子技
术的飞越发展，VVVF控制技术、光纤通讯技术、串行通信、网络技术等在电梯上得到广泛应用。大规模集成电路的应用使电梯控制柜体积越来越小，功能越来越强，可靠性越来越高。目前的电梯控制柜大多由全电脑控制板和变频器组成，达到对交流电动机进行调频调压调速控制（VVVF）。
Located near traction machine, control cabinet rves as a trailing device and signal control center, as shown in figure 4-1. Originally, control cabinet included contactor, relay, capacitor, resistor, transformer, and rectifier. With rapid development of computer and electronics as well as wide application of VVVF control technology, optical fiber communication technology, rial communication and network technology in lift, application of big scale integrated circuit makes control cabinet smaller in size, stronger in function and more reliable in operation. Currently, control原来可以这样爱
cabinet is compod of computer control panel and frequency inverter, to control AC motor in terms of frequency, voltage and speed (VVVF).
控制柜的电源由机房的总电源开关(图4-2)引入，由控制柜接触器引出的动力线用电线管送
至曳引机的电动机接线端子。电梯控制信号线由电线管或线槽引出，进入井道再由扁型或圆型随行电缆传输。信号交换控制线分别接到井道中各层接线盒中，构成电梯的控制系统线路。在控制柜和机房布线时要注意强弱电要分开，防止弱电受干扰。
Power supply of control cabinet is introduced from the main power supply in machine room（figure 4-2 ）. Cable leads from the contactor of control cabinet to the motor terminal of traction machine via conduit. Derived by conduit or channel, lift control signal line enters well then is transmitted by flat or round traveling cable. Signal exchange control lines are connected to terminal boxes of each landing in well, forming lift control loop. It is required
that power line and weak signal be parated to prevent weak signal from being interfered with when wiring is made in control cabinet and machine room.
4-1-2 曳引机
Traction machine
详情已在第二章（曳引机）描述。
The details has been described in chapter 2 （Traction machine张掖美食）.
4-1-3 限速器
Overspeed governor
限速器一般装在机房的地面上，曳引机旁边（图4-3千变万化的反义词）, 其工作原理见5-2章。
Governor is installed on the ground of machine room, at the side of machine (figure 4-3). The working principle will be de scribed in chapter 5-2.
莫语者上海滩歌谱4-2电梯井道
Well
电梯井道是由井道壁、井道顶面和底面组成的，是供电梯轿厢和对重运行的空间，通常位于建筑物的内部，一般是由混凝土、砖或钢结构构成，并具有足够的机械强度。
Compod of well wall, well top and well bottom, well is always located inside the building as moving space for car and counterweight. It is made of concrete, brick or steel so as to bear mechanical strength.
4-2-1 导轨
Guide rail
导轨（图4-4）：用于轿厢和对重在垂直方向运动时的导向，并限制轿厢和对重在水平方向的位移。轿厢和对重应至少有两根刚性的钢制导轨导向。导轨通常用冷扎T型钢制成，其抗拉强度应为370～520N/m2之间。导轨设计时主要考虑以下因素：
载有不均布载荷沿导轨运行时；
安全钳动作时；
装载或卸载时。
导轨强度主要考虑安全钳动作时，导轨的抗拉强度，导轨的变形则考虑载有不均布载荷沿导轨运行时。
Guide rail（figure 4-4）: it is ud to guide
car and counterweight in vertical direction
and restrict their horizontal displacement.
Car and counterweight should have at least
two rigid steel rails. Guide rails are always
made of cold-rolled T-steel, who anti-pull
strength should range from 370 N/m2 to
520N/m2. Following conditions should be
taken into consideration when guild rails are
designed.
When unevenly-distributed load is impod
on rail;
When safety gear is activating;
When loading or unloading is under way;
Guide rail strength, especially anti-pull strength
should be considered when safety gear is
activating, while rail deformation should be considered when uneven load is moving on
rail.
4-2-1-1 导轨与导轨的连接
Connections between rails
龙江公园每根导轨的长度一般为4～师德师风先进事迹5m，在安装时端部以榫头与榫槽配合定位，底部用连接板固定，榫头与榫槽具有很高的加工精度，起连接定位作用，接头处的强度由连接板和连接螺栓保证，连接后接头处不应存在连续缝隙，并且接头处应平滑，必要时进行修光。
