Lesson 7 Lubricating System
党章学习心得润滑系统
Duties of Lubricant
润滑油（剂）的功用难忘的春节作文300字
The successful operation of any engine or machine and its trouble free life(无故障使用寿命) depends on effective lubrication which involves the formation and maintenance of a lubricating oil film between the moving parts. The marine diel engine is no exception and considerable thought has gone into the problem of the lubrication of its many parts with their widely varying operating conditions.
任何发动机或机器的良好工作及无故障运行期取均决于有效的润滑，包括机器运行部件之间润滑油膜的形成和维持。船用柴油机也不例外，人们对其在各种不同的工作条件下众多零部件的润滑问题，动了许多脑筋。
In addition to providing lubricating films, oils ud in marine diel engines have to remove heat from oil cooled pistons, neutralize(中和) acidic products of combustion, clean hot moving parts of carbonaceous deposits, resist oxidation(氧化) and wash away wear detritus(磨屑).
船用柴油机所使用的滑油除了供形成油膜外，还必须从油冷活塞中带走热量，中和燃烧所产生的酸性产物，清洗掉热的运动部件上的积炭，抗氧化并带走磨屑。
The development of oils has kept pace with(与…同步) the increasing demands made by the steady ri in powers produced by modern marine diels. The lection of an oil from the commercially available range depends to a great extent on the operating conditions, the design of the engine and the type of fuel to be burned.
滑油的发展同现代船用柴油机功率的稳定提高所提出的不断增加的要求保持同步。选择市场上供应的滑油在很大程度上取决于发动机的工作条件、设计状况及所用燃油的种类。 Large marine diel engines of crosshead construction generally have two systems of lubrication: a total loss system(全消耗系统) feeding the cylinders and a circulating system lubricating the running gear and cooling the pistons.
大型十字头式船用柴油机一般有两种润滑系统：供给气缸润滑的全消耗系统和用于润滑运动部件及冷却活塞的循环系统。
Cylinder oil system (CYLINDER LUBRICATION) 气缸滑油系统（气缸润滑）
Temperatures in the cylinder are naturally high, though only the cylinder combustion space and piston crown are subjected to actual flame temperatures. The piston rings exert a varying pressure on the liner walls under conditions involving rapidly changing speed and reversal of direction of motion. Oil is supplied to the cylinder liner wall and the piston rings by means of mechanical lubricators giving a carefully controlled oil feed, through injectors or quills(注油针), and in some designs it is timed so that the oil impinges(射到) only on the piston ring belt, thus ensuring the most efficient lubrication.
虽只有气缸燃烧室和活塞头部直接承受实际的火焰温度，但气缸内的温度确实很高。在运动速度和运动方向迅速变化的条件下，活塞环对缸壁施加的压力不断变化。滑油通过机械注油器经注油塞或注油针供入气缸壁及活塞环，并精确控制注油量。在某些类型中，注油是定时的，以便油只射到活塞环环带上，保证最佳润滑。
The films of oil between the rings and the liner and between the rings and the grooves in the piston are not only esntial for lubrication but also play an important part in achieving a gas al. In carrying out the duties the oil is expod to contamination by products of combustion. Some of the are acidic, particularly if residual fuels are being ud and can cau corrosive conditions which promote heavy rates of wear. Also, lacquer(漆膜) and carbonaceous deposits form in the ring
元旦假期
belt which interfere with the correct operation of the rings. To counteract the undesirable effects cylinder oils usually contain additives formulated(配制) to impart(给予) a high degree of alkalinity(碱性) and detergency(去垢能力). The alkalinity neutralizes the acid conditions and the detergency cleans the rings and grooves.
活塞环与缸壁之间以及活塞环与环槽之间的油膜不仅对润滑是必需的，而且对保持气密也起重要作用。在起到这些作用时，滑油会受到燃烧产物的污染。其中有些燃烧产物是酸性的，尤其是使用渣油时，会引起腐蚀，使磨损加剧，而且还会在活塞环环带上形成漆膜和积炭，从而影响活塞环的正常工作。为克服这些不利影响，气缸油通常含有具有高碱性和去垢能力的添加剂。碱性用于中和酸，去垢能力用以清洁活塞环和活塞环槽。
怀孕多久有胎心Main lubricating oil system (CRANKCASE LUBRICATION) 主润滑油系统（曲轴箱润滑） Operating conditions in the crank chamber are very different from tho in the cylinder and it is the need for the oil to perform its functions over a very long period, which determines the properties required in the lubricant. The following features are esntial for crank chamber oils: 曲轴箱的工作条件和气缸的工作条件大不相同，曲轴箱滑油需在很长的时间内起作用，这就决定了润滑剂所需的特性。曲轴箱滑油必须具有如下基本性能：
1. They must have good lubricating properties and be able to resist rupture(破裂) of the film parating the moving parts in order to ensure minimum friction loss.
必须具有良好的润滑性能，并能保持各运动部件间的油膜不破裂，以保证最小的摩擦损失。
描写春天的古诗词2. They must be able to remove heat from a bearing and to do so the viscosity should be high enough at operating temperatures to assist film maintenance.
必须能从轴承带走热量，为此，滑油在各种工作温度下必须有足够高的粘度以维持油膜。
3. They must be capable of removing heat from oil cooled pistons and in doing so must have the highest possible degree of resistance to oxidation and other effects of heat. The u of a poor quality oil can lead to rapid deterioration(变质、恶化) of its properties with the resultant formation of deposits in the piston crown which in turn results in a considerable reduction in heat transfer with subquent overheating and thermal cracking.
必须能从油冷活塞带走热量。为此必须具有尽可能高的抗氧化性能及其他耐热性能。使用劣质润滑油能导致其性能迅速恶化，结果在活塞头中形成沉积物，从而大大降低其传热性能，而使活塞头过热和裂纹。
The cooling oil is usually supplied to the pistons by means of telescopic pipes (、articulated pipe (铰接管) ) connected to the crossheads and passages in the piston rods.
通常，借助于和十字头相连的伸缩管及活塞杆内部通道向活塞输送冷却油。
沙茶面的做法To ensure a constant supply of clean and temperature controlled oil to the engine requires the provision of a great deal of auxiliary equipment such as pumps, filters, centrifuges, coolers, drain and storage tanks etc.
为了保证向发动机不断输送清洁且温度受控的滑油，需要配备大量的辅助设备，例如：泵、滤器、分油机、冷却器、滑油循环柜和储存柜等等。
Lubrication润滑
那一刻
The lubrication system of an engine provides a supply of lubricating oil to the various moving parts in an engine. Its main function is to enable the formation of a film of oil between the moving parts, which reduces friction and wear. The lubricating oil is also ud as a cleaner and in some engines as a coolant.
柴油机的润滑系统向机内各个运动件提供滑油。它的主要功能是在运动件之间形成油膜以减少摩擦磨
损。润滑油也用作清洁剂，在某些柴油机中还用作冷却剂。
Lubricating oil system润滑油系统
Lubricating oil for an engine is stored in the bottom of the crankca, known as the sump, or in a drain tank(循环油柜) located beneath the engine. The oil is drawn from this tank through a strainer, one of a pair of pumps, into one of a pair of fine filters. It is then pasd through a cooler before entering the engine and being distributed to the various branch pipes. The branch pipe for a particular cylinder may feed the main bearing, for instance. Some of this oil will pass along a drilled passage in the crankshaft to the connecting rod bottom end bearing and then up a drilled passage in the connecting rod to the gudgeon pin(十字头销) or crosshead bearing. An alarm at the end of the distribution pipe ensures that adequate pressure is maintained by the pump. Pumps and fine filters are arranged in duplicate with one as standby. The fine filters will be arranged so that one can be cleaned while the other is operating. After u in the engine the lubricating oil drains back to the sump or drain tank for re‐u. A level gauge gives a local read‐out of the drain tank contents. A centrifuge is arranged for cleaning the lubricating oil in the system and clean oil can be provided from a storage tank.
柴油机的润滑油储存在曲轴箱的底部，即所谓的油底壳，或储存在位于柴油机下面的循环柜中。滑油从循环柜吸入，经粗滤器、滑油泵（两台中的一台）到细滤器（两个中的一个），经冷却器后进入柴油机并分配到各个支管。各缸的支管将油供到（例如）主轴承。有些油将沿着曲轴中的钻孔到达连杆下端轴承，然后沿连杆钻孔上行到十字头销或十字头轴承。在支管的端部有报警器以确保油泵维持足够的油压。泵和细滤器布置两套，一套备用。细滤器是这样布置的，当一台工作时另一台可以清洗。滑油在柴油机中使用后，泄回到油底壳或循环柜以便重新使用。循环柜中的油量可从柜旁油尺读出。离心分油机用于在系统中净化滑油。洁净的滑油可从储存柜获得。
The oil cooler is circulated by a water, which is at a lower pressure than the oil. As a result any leak in the cooler will mean a loss of oil and not contamination of the oil by a water.
五行缺水取名男孩
滑油冷却器由海水循环冷却。海水压力低于滑油，其结果是冷却器中的任何漏泄将意味着滑油损失而滑油不会被海水污染。
Cylinder lubrication气缸润滑
Large slow speed engines are provided with a parated lubrication system for the cylinder liners. Oil is injected between the liner and the piston by mechanical lubricators which supply their individual cylinder. A special type of oil is ud which is not recovered. In addition to lubricating, it as
sists in forming a gas al and contains additives which clean the cylinder liner.
大型低速柴油机有独立的气缸润滑系统。各缸机械注油器仅将油注入到该缸缸套和活塞之间。所用油是一种特殊类型的油，不回收使用，除润滑外，它还有助于形成气封并含有添加剂清洁缸套。
