英语句子成分分析及五种基本句型.doc
英语语法(一):句子成分分析及五个基本句型好听的微信名
(一)句子成分分析
主语(Subject)是全句谈论的中心话题。
练习:找出下列句子的主语,并说出由什么词来充当。
1. Mr. Chen is a well-known scientist.
2. He works very hard at school
3. To go to a good university is his first goal.
4. Doing morning exerci is good for your health.
谓语(Predicate)是回答主语做什么,怎么了,位于主语后。
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或助动词加动词相应形式构成。
(2)由系动词加表语构成。
1. We love China.
2. We have finished reading this book.
3. He can speak English.
4. She ems tired.
宾语(object)是动作的对象,目标,位于及物动词后。
英语中哪些成分可以充当宾语?
1. We often help him.
2. He likes to play basketball.
3. We enjoy listening to the music.
4. She said that he felt sick.
5. They are talking about the new student.
宾语补足语(object complement)是对宾语进行补充说明,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。
1. They elected John monitor.
2. We call him Iron Ox.
3. The doctor told me to do more exerci.
4. They made her happy.
5. He is going to have hair cut.
6. They saw a bird flying in the sky.
哪些动词后需接复合宾语的?
表语(predicative)位于连系动词之后,与之构成系表结构,说明主语的状态,性质等。常见的系动词有:
1. I am a teacher.
2. They are on the playground.
3. My job is teaching English.
4. It gets cold.
5. It sounds interesting.
定语(attribute)是用来说名名词或代词性质特点的词。
找出下列句子的定语,并说出由什么词来充当
1. The black bike is mine.
2. She is a chemistry teacher.
3. The man in blue is my brother.
4. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.
5. The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.
状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。
1. We often help him.
2. I really don’t like the food.
3. He did his homework carefully at home.
读书使人进步4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.
5. When I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.
(二)基本句型
基本句型1:主谓结构
本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。
如:The sun ris. Tom has already left.
主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如: 1. The red sun ris in the east.
2. So they had to travel by air or boat.
3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.
4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.
5. He came back when we were eating.
6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up. 巩固练习:
1.她昨天回家很晚。
2.会议将持续两个小时。
3.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化
4.1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
5.每天八时开始上课。
6.这个重五公斤。
70后歌曲7.五年前我住在北京。
8.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。
9.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。
10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。
基本句型2:主谓宾结构
本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如:1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.
带有柳字的诗句3. They haven’t decided where to go next.
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
5. It took them ten years to build the dam.
6. Mother promis to give me a prent.
巩固练习:
1.昨晚我写了一封信。
2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3.这本书他读过多次了。
4.他们成功地完成了计划。
5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
6.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。
7.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。
8.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。
9. 他不知道说什麽好。
10. 我开窗户你在意吗?
基本句型:3:主系表结构
本结构是由主语+系动词+表语构成。
巩固练习:
乳头疼怎么办1.冬季白天短,夜晚长
2.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
3.孩子们很少保持安静。
4.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
5.他失业了。
6.树叶已经变黄了
7.这个报告听起来很有意思。
基本句型4 双宾语结构描写声音的词
说明:此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)”组成。如:He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。如:He brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promi, return, nd, show, teach, tell, write, ask等;(需借助for 的)buy, call, cook, choo, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。
巩固练习:
1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3.请把那本字典递给我好吗?
4.他把车票给列车员看。
5.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?统计学就业
6.新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。
7.他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。
56半自动基本句型5 复合宾语结构
说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。如: