关于被动语态，九年级units5-7语法点
被动语态
一. 语态是什么？语态有几种？
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
二. 何时使用被动语态？
①不知道谁是动作的执行者
②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时
③只需强调动作的承受者时
三. 构成： 主语 +be + vt. p.p. + （by + 执行者）.
（及物动词的过去分词）
四. 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
主动句：The people built the Great Wall long time ago.
被动句：The Great Wall was built (by the people) long time ago.
育人案例主动语态变为被动语态
1.主语+谓语+宾语.
eg: （1）They held a meeting yesterday. (主动句)
→_____________________________________________(改为被动句)
（2）He sang a song. (主动句)
→_____________________________________________(改为被动句)
2. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾. （双宾语）
含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
◆ 注意：以下接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。常见的双宾语动词如 give, offer, pass, show, lend,
nd 用介词to; buy, make , mend, cook, sing, get用for.
give sb sth →__________________________
show sb sth→__________________________
buy sb sth→__________________________
cook sb sth→__________________________
（1）He gave me a book.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)四喜烤麸
（2）My father bought me a new bike.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
（3）I am passing him a pen.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
（4）Lucy will lend me her bike tomorrow.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
一张老照片3. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语.
在主动句中,使役动词、感官动词make, e, hear, watch, notice等词后跟省略to的不定式，变被动语态时，必须还原to.
make sb do sth →___________________________
e sb do sth →___________________________
hear sb do sth →___________________________
notice sb do sth →___________________________
但是，e/hear/notice sb doing sth 变为被动结构时不需要加to。
e sb doing sth →___________________________
hear sb doing sth →___________________________
notice sb doing sth →___________________________
（1）The boss made the workers work all day.
→____________________________________玉米汤的做法
（2）We heard him sing in his room just now.
→____________________________________
（3）We heard him singing in his room when we pasd by.
→____________________________________
（4）I saw the boy play football after school.
→____________________________________
（5）My mother made me do my homework after dinner.
→____________________________________
【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即“be en/heard/found/obrved/noticed/made to do sth。”。例如:
They saw her enter the meeting room just now.(刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。)
→She was en to enter the meeting room just now·
三、主动形式表示被动意义的情况
DU医学1、lock, open, read, ll, wash, write等动词，用来说明主语的性质特征而不是强调被执行的动作时，用主动形式表达被动意义，且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。
（1）The book is sold out, becau it lls well.
（2）The pen is written by me and it writes well.
（3）The bike______________ by me and it _______________.
（4）The cloth _______________．这布很耐洗。( wash )
（5）The door _______________. 这门锁不上。( lock )
The door _______________．这门打不开。(open)
The window _______________．这窗关不上。(shut)
考点突破
考点1考查及物动词的被动语态
1..(北京中考)A new hospital _______ in my town next year.
A .builds B. built C. is built D. will be built
2.(矜南中考)The Spring Festival________ in January or February.
A .celebrate B. was celebrated C. celebrated D. celebrated
3.(安顺中考)一Wow! You have a ticket to the Expo!
一It_______ by my uncle·He 15 working in Shanghai·
A.has bought B. had bought C·is bought D·was bought
守望星空
下嘴唇有痣的男人4.(巴中中考)English_____ widely all over the world.
A. speaks B. is spoken C. are spoken
考点2 考查情态动词的被动语态
5.(沪州中考)The dictionary may _______ for three weeks..
A.keep B. be kept C. borrow D. be borrowed
6、(咸宁中考)-Food safety is very important.
---So some rules _______ to stop people from polluting food.
A.must make B. must be made C. must made D. be made
7·(衡阳中考)Teenagers ________ allowed to drive.
A.Shouldn’t be B. should be not C. not should be
记录生活点滴考点3 考查及物动词短语的被动语态
8..(鄂州中考)—The meeting ______ becau of the smog in Northern China last week.
A. put out B. was put out C. put off D. was put off
9.(哈尔滨中考)On June 11th，2013，Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts _______ into space from the space center in Jiuquan. All the Chine people are proud of its successful launch.
