关于中西方饮食文化差异的英文资料
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Cultural differences on politeness between western and Chine can be found in many aspects of daily communication, including addressing, greeting and parting,compliments, apologies, thanks, etc. In the following, we will look at some cultural different between China and western.
摔跤视频1.Greeting and Parting
When people meet acquaintances or friends, people usually greet each other 笔记本屏幕亮度怎么调
. The purpo of greeting is to establish or maintain social contact. So formulaic expressions are often ud, but such formulaic expressions often caus conflict becau of the great cultural differences between Chine and native English speakers. In English, people often employ the following expressions to greet each other “Good morning/evening/afternoon. “Fine day, isn’t it? ”How is everything going?” Have you eaten y
et?” What are you going to do?” Where have you
been?”etc. Westerners treat them as real question. While in Chine, we always say “你吃了吗？”“你上哪里去？”“你干什么去？”to show our consideration. Parting may be divided into two steps. Before the final prating, there is usual a leave-taking. Western and Chine cultures have diver ways to deal with leave-takings. Firstly, in English society, during the closing pha of an encounter, from ”I” perspective, reasons for terminating the encounter are prented in mitigatory comments. Typical comments are associated with expressions of apology,
such as “I” am afraid I must be off, I have to relieve the baby-sitter” etc.
Western people believe that to be willing to visit and conver with someone is to have respect for him.; to terminate the visiting is not of one’s own free will, but becau of some other arrangements, therefore they always try to make their leaving sound reluctant by finding some reasons and apologize for it to make the leaving acceptable for both parties. English speakers often signal veral times before leaving. “Well, it’s been nice to 我的乐趣
e you again. I do enjoy our talk and the lovely dinner, but I must be going soon”. Thank you very much for
asking me over. I hope we’ll be able to get together again before long…” Consolidation in a wider range of common acquaintances also occurs, in expressions such as “Say hello to Jack for me” or “Remember me to orange是什么颜色John”. In Chine society, during the closing pha of and encounter, usually, from a “you ”perspective, reasons for ending the encounter are t forth in mitigatory expressions. Such expressions include“你挺忙的，我就不多打扰了。”“你一定累了，早点休息吧，我
要告辞了。”, etc. With the words, they may stand up from their ats. Chine leave-taking is very short and quick. Western people think it so abrupt that they have not prepare for it. While moving to the door, Chine employ expressions of apology like“对不起没，打扰了。”“对不起，占用你不少时间。”It should be noted that the expressions employed by Chine guests to show concern for their hosts can only be appropriate for business visits in the English environment2..AddressingBoth western and Chine people have two kinds of personal names---a surname and
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a given name. But the order and the u of the names in the two languages are somewhat different. In Chine, the surname comes first and then the given name. And people like add“小”before their family name. Such as“小王”、“小郑”、“小李”、“小徐”and so on.. While westerners names are written and spoken with the given name first and the family name last. So John Smith's family name is Smith, not John. In a formal tting, address men as "Mister" (abbreviated as "Mr."), married women as "Miss" (abbreviated as "Mrs."), and unmarried women as "Miss" (abbreviated as "Ms."). The days many women prefer to be addresd using
the abbreviations "Ms." or "M.", pronounced "miz". If the person has an M.D. or Ph.D., they will often be addresd as "Doctor" (abbreviated as "Dr."). Faculty are addresd as "Professor" (abbreviated as "Prof.").In an informal situation,westerners will introduce each other by first name, without titles, and occasionally by just the last name. If you are introduced to somebody by first name, you can address him or her by first name the next time you meet. The only exception would be for someone who holds an important position, such as the university president or provost. Unless they tell you otherwi, facult
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y should be addresd
using their title and last name (e.g., "Professor Smith"). When in doubt, u the formal manner of address, since it is better to err on the side of formality.
It is also appropriate to ask how they prefer to be addresd. Children should always address adults in the formal fashion, using their title and last name.
Another difference is about the form of addressing. From the viewpoint of sociolinguistics, forms of addressing can rve as an indication of the relationship of power and solidarity in the society. In calling their superiors or elders, the Chine are accustomed to the nonreciprocal or asymmetrical addressing, in other words. They u “title +surname” to address their superior or elders rather than call them surnames, while the superior or elders call the addresrs their names. The Chine tend to abide by the polite principle of depreciating onelf and respecting others to show appropriate respects towards the persons being addresd, otherwi, the addresr may be considered as ill mannered, ill educated or rude. But in English speaking countries, people have a tendency to follow t
he reciprocal or symmetrical addressing. Although they are different in age and status, they can call the other directly, namely, their names, even first names except when they call the doctors, not arousing offence between them, but demonstrating the n of intimacy and the conception of” Everyone is created equal”. Chine people feel unnatural addressing a westerner by his given name, feeling that it indicates too clo a relationship, and westerners, on the other hand, 肾经当令时间
