Teaching method
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A teaching method compris the principles and methods ud for instruction. Commonly ud teaching methods may include class participation, demonstration, recitation, memorization, or combinations of the. The choice of teaching method or methods to be ud depends largely on the information or skill that is being taught, and it may also be influenced by the aptitude and enthusiasm of the students.
Methods of instruction
Explaining
Explaining, or lecturing, is the process of teaching by giving spoken explanations of the subject that is to be learned. Lecturing is often accompanied by visual aids to help students visualize an object or problem.
Demonstrating
Demonstrating is the process of teaching through examples or experiments. For example, a science teacher may teach an idea by performing an experiment for students. A demonstration may be ud to prove a fact through a combination of visual evidence and associated reasoning.
Demonstrations are similar to written storytelling and examples in that they allow students to personally relate to the prented information. Memorization of a list of facts is a detached and impersonal experience, whereas the same information, conveyed through demonstration, becomes personally relatable. Demonstrations help to rai student interest and reinforce memory retention becau they provide connections between facts and real-world applications of tho facts. Lectures, on the other hand, are often geared more towards factual prentation than connective learning.
Collaborating
Collaboration allows students to actively participate in the learning process by talking with each other and listening to other points of view. Collaboration establishes a personal con
nection between students and the topic of study and it helps students think in a less personally biad way. Group projects and discussions are examples of this teaching method. Teachers may employ collaboration to asss student's abilities to work as a team, leadership skills, or prentation abilities.
Collaborative discussions can take a variety of forms, such as fishbowl discussions. After some preparation and with clearly defined roles, a discussion may constitute most of a lesson, with the teacher only giving short feedback at the end or in the following lesson.
Learning by teaching
In this teaching method, students assume the role of teacher and teach their peers. Students who teach others as a group or as individuals must study and understand a topic well enough to teach it to their peers. By having students participate in the teaching process, they gain lf-confidence and strengthen their speaking and communication skills.
Evolution of teaching methods
Ancient education
About 3000 BC, with the advent of writing, education became more conscious or lf-reflecting, with specialized occupations such as scribe and astronomerrequiring particular 失之于宽skills and knowledge. Philosophy in ancient Greece led to questions of educational method entering national discour.
In his literary work The Republic, Plato described a system of instruction that he felt would lead to an ideal state. In his dialogues, Plato described the Socratic method, a form of inquiry and debate intended to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas.
佩顿It has been the intent of many educators since, such as the Roman educator Quintilian, to find specific, interesting ways to encourage students to u their intelligence and to help them to learn.
Medieval education
Comenius, in Bohemia, wanted all children to learn. In his The World in Pictures, he creat
ed an illustrated textbook of things children would be familiar with in everyday life and ud it to teach children. Rabelais described how the student Gargantua learned about the world, and what is in it.
Much later, Jean-Jacques Rousau in his Emile, prented methodology to teach children the elements of science and other subjects. During Napoleonic warfare, the teaching methodology of吃苦耐劳的近义词 Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi of Switzerland enabled refugee children, of a class believed to be unteachable[关于励志的小故事by whom?], to learn. He described this in his account of an educational experiment at Stanz.[citation needed] He felt the key to have children learn is for them to be loved.[citation needed]
19th century - compulsory education
Main article: Prussian education system
The Prussian education system was a system of mandatory education dating to the early 19th century. Parts of the Prussian education system have rved as models for the educ
ation systems in a number of other countries, including什么食物化痰 Japan and凤凰羽毛无源互调 the United States. The Prussian model required classroom management skills to be incorporated into the teaching process.
20th century
Newer teaching methods may incorporate television, radio, computer, and other modern devices. Some educators[who?] believe that the u of technology, while facilitating learning to some degree, is not a substitute for educational methods that encourage critical thinking and a desire to learn. Inquiry learning is another modern teaching method.
