和谐与梦想
简介
寻找的寻怎么写东西方思潮的对话
和谐与梦想
《纽约时报》记者David Brook 2008年8月11日
中国成都恐龙种类
世界可以被解析为很多部分——贫与富、民主和专制……但是，其中有一种解析世界的方法成为了主流，它将整个社会的精神划分为崇尚个体和崇尚集体两股思潮。
用个体意识与集体意识去划分社会，比从经济的视觉来分析社会要深刻许多。如果我们把一张画有鱼缸和鱼的图片拿给一个美国人看，他一般会告诉我们鱼缸里哪条鱼最大，这条鱼在做什么。如果我们把相同的图片摆在中国人面前，他往往会先向我们描述鱼儿在什么样的水中游。
类似的测试我们已经做过很多次，但得出的结论总是一个。美利坚民族注重人的个性发挥，而中华及东亚各民族却注重的是群体的人格与时代背景。
脱贫攻坚作文
心理学家理查德·尼斯波特做过一个实验。他在很多个美国人面前，拿出三张图片，一张上是牛、一张上是鸡，另一张上是一堆草垛。他让每个人从中选出两张，很多人选则了鸡和牛，因为两张画上都是动物；可他在亚洲人里进行这项小实验却得到不同的结果，很多人选择了牛和草垛，因为牛靠吃草生存。美利坚民族注重事物的分类，而亚洲民族注重事物之间的联系。
人类建立了许许多多如宣扬个性解放的英美、展示集体力量的中日等等的民族与国家，然后，又创造了一个国家与国家、民族与民族之间相连的大同世界。
力量药水怎么做崇尚个体主义的国家里，人们通常把个人享受的权利和个性放在首位。这些民族自信、发挥个体所长，以个体所做出的努力为荣；在集体主义国家里，人们注重整个社会的和谐及社会赋予的责任，在集体的成就面前，往往自谦，不太多的去说自己的努力。
不少学者一直在研究个体主义思潮在西方国家的发展为什么会远远胜过东方国家。有些人认为，这是因为，西方文化源于古希腊时期个人英雄主义价值观，
而亚洲国家的文化更多的却是在朴素集体主义的基础上逐渐发展而来的。近年来，有学者将导致这一文化区别的原因归源于微生物因子。集体主义国家大都集中在特定的地理环境中，特别是赤道附近的地区。这些地方有着大量疾病因子，人在这样的环境中生存，为了让自己不生病，自然而然就会排斥身上也许会带着病毒因子的外国人，于是，从衣食住行和其他社会行为上，慢慢形成一个统一的集体
社会。
另外，崇尚个体主义的国家一直以来，都把经济的发展视为中心。我们西方民族保持着文艺复兴和启蒙运动，以及资本主义不断繁荣以来，个体意识渗透下的叙事方式。在这种叙事方式的影响下，国家的发展会更注重和强调人个性的独立。
但是，如果集体主义国家摆脱了经济滞后的境况，世界会发生什么？如果集体主义国家（尤其在亚洲）经济突飞猛进地发展，与西方国家竞争，世界又将发生什么？一场新的全球对话将拉开帷幕。
北京奥运会的开幕即是这种全球性对话的叙述方式。中国曾发出这样的声音，发展不只是西方式自由、独立意义上的发展，也是东方式集体智慧的前进。
开幕式创意于中国悠久的历史文化，一个个整齐有序的大方阵成为其中最振奋人心的图景——鼓齐鸣、舞齐动，每个细微的精神都投入在方阵里，却不见任何不协调之处。我们都曾看到过整齐划一的队伍，但这的确展示了当代集体主义的风范——它是在中国经济奇迹般发展的大背景下，由高科技手段描绘的一幅和谐社会之景。
如果亚洲这场宏壮的开幕式重新开启了西方个体主义与东方集体主义的辩论（很近似于冷战之后的争论），那么，这次辩论已经不再有西方个体主义欲扫荡全球精神领域的趋势。
钢琴黑键的作用>诸葛恪得驴文言文翻译
究其原因之一，世界上受个体主义意识渗透的国家正一步步减少，另一方面，许多最新的科研成果表明，西方个人主义价值观只是一个幻影，而中国强调集体智慧的价值观无疑是更适合的。
科学家很高兴地得出，人们合理的选择是受情绪感染、镭管效应等潜意识的影响而形成（比如，人们一般会认为教授比囚犯更能考得好成绩）。人类的大脑是极易受到外界刺激影响的（因此，他们自然而然的会去模仿周围人们的行为）。
保持人与人彼此之间的联系，是我们获得幸福感的关键所在。生活在一张庞大社会关系网上的人们，会越来越幸福；但离群索居、形影相吊的人，却会活得越来越抑郁，甚至轻生。
中国的崛起并不只是经济的腾飞，也是一种文化的兴盛。天人合一的思想慢慢的生长着，终有一天，我们将会看到，它和美国梦想并驾齐驱于世界的土地之上。
无疑，它对国家的统治来说，的确是一种有益的主流的意识形态。
Op-Ed Columnist - Harmony and the Dream - Op-Ed -
Harmony and the Dream
By DAVID BROOKS
Published: August 11, 2008
Chengdu, China
The world can be divided in many ways —rich and poor, democratic and authoritarian — but one of the most striking is the divide between the societies with an individualist mentality and the ones with a collectivist mentality.
This is a divide that goes deeper than economics into the way people perceive the world. If you show an American an image of a fish tank, the American will usually describe the biggest fish in the tank and what it is doing. If you ask a Chine person to describe a fish tank, the Chine will usually describe the context in which the fish swim.
The sorts of experiments have been done over and over again, and the results reveal the same underlying pattern. Americans usually e individuals; Chine and other Asians e contexts.
When the psychologist Richard Nisbett showed Americans individual pictures of a chicken, a cow and hay and asked the subjects to pick out the two that go together, the Americans would usually pick out the chicken and the cow. They’re both animals. Most Asian people, on the other hand, would
pick out the cow and the hay, since cows depend on hay. Americans are more likely to e categories. Asians are more likely to e relationships.
You can create a global continuum with the most individualistic societies — like the United States or Britain — on one end, and the most collectivist societies — like China or Japan — on the other.热休克蛋白
The individualistic countries tend to put rights and privacy first. People in the societies tend to overvalue their own skills and overestimate their own importance to any group effort. People in collective societies tend to value harmony and duty. They tend to underestimate their own skills and are more lf-effacing when describing their contributions to group efforts.
Rearchers argue about why certain cultures have become more individualistic than others. Some say that Western cultures draw their values from ancient Gree ce, with its emphasis on individual heroism, while other cultures draw on more on tribal philosophies. Recently, some scientists have theorized that it all goes back to microbes. Collectivist societies tend to pop up in parts of the world, especially around the equator, with plenty of dia-causing microbes. In such an environment, you’d want to shun outsiders, who might bring strange dias, and enforce a certain conformity over eating rituals and social behavior.
Either way, individualistic societies have tended to do better economically. We in the West have a narrative that involves the development of individual reason and conscience during the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, and then the subquent flourishing of capitalism. According to this narrative, societies get more individualistic as they develop.
But what happens if collectivist societies snap out of their economic stagnation? What happens if collectivist societies, especially tho in Asia, ri economically and come to rival the West? A new sort of global conversation develops.
The opening ceremony in Beijing was a statement in that conversation. It was part of China’s asrtion that development doesn’t come only through Western, liberal means, but also through Eastern and collective ones.
The ceremony drew from China’s long history, but surely the most striking features were the images of thousands of Chine moving as one — drumming as one, dancing as one, sprinting on preci formations without ever stumbling or colliding. We’ve en displays of mass conformity before, but this was collectivism of the prent — a high-tech vision of the harmonious society performed in the context of China’s miraculous growth.
If Asia’s success reopens the debate between individualism and collectivism (which emed clod after the cold war), then it’s unlikely that the forces of individualism will sweep the field or even gain an edge.
For one thing, there are relatively few individualistic societies on earth. For another, the esnce of a lot of the latest scientific rearch is that the Western idea of individual choice is an illusion and the Chine are right to put first emphasis on social contexts.陕北大烩菜
Scientists have delighted to show that so-called rational choice is shaped by a whole range of subconscious influences, like emotional contagions and priming effects (people who think of a professor before taking a test do better than people who think of a criminal). Meanwhile, human brains turn out to be extremely permeable (they naturally mimic the neural firings of people around them). Relationships are the key to happiness. People who live in the denst social networks tend to flourish, while people who live with few social bonds are much more prone to depression and suicide.
The ri of China isn’t only an economic event. It’s a cultural one. The ideal of a harmonious collective may turn out to be as attractive as the ideal of the American Dream.
It’s certainly a uful ideology for aspiring autocrats.
