24节气介绍
1. What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western Civilization as a whole? Give examples.
Greek culture is the cradle of Western civilization and has an enormous impact on Western culture. (The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.)①Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on Western Civilization. The Greeks were the first to successfully create a government bad on the connsus of the people and thus provided a foundation for Western democracy.②The cond significant influence was that of philosophy. The Socratic idea about ethics and knowledge helped the Westerners care more for the effect of knowledge and value of morality, both of which give sound guidance to people to improve and change the world outside themlves, i.e. human society and the natural world.③Later generations of Westerners have benefited a lot from Greek culture, such as painting, sculpture, drama, (architecture, poetry and historical works). Classicism had Greek culture as one of the crucial sources, which helped Westerners so much that they ascribed the origin of the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and
毛泽西opened the way to the modern era in the West.
2. What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.
The Renaissance is characterized by eking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, bad on cultural production and religious reformation. All the were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.
The achievements were en principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation. Instances can be found in the areas , such as the huge change of subjects and styles in painting. The medieval painting ud to center on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and limited subjects but also depicting typical facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity instead of divinity, thus breaking away from stereotyp
ed medieval models.
3. Say something about the features and contributions of utilitarianism, 鸡的成语utopian socialism and classical economics.
生命之泉
Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined by its contribution to overall utility, That is, its contribution to the calculation of pleasure and gain one can have as a result of that action. The calculation is not just material, but spiritual or moral. Utilitarianism provides the motivation and condition for an action of any kind, either individual or collective, and offers the principle for making laws to ensure justice and equality required of a society.
艺智苑 Utopian socialism refers to the beliefs held by early socialists, who created hypothetical visions of perfect egalitarian and communalist societies without practical consideration of actual conditions of the capitalist society they lived in and thus could not carry out their ideals due to the powerful hindrance. However some of the Utopian ideals, such as tho about women's equality and emancipation, were reasonable and conque
玉米的图片ntly absorbed by Marxism.
乡梦 Classical economist is widely regarded as the beginning of modern economic thoughts. It is the idea that a free market can regulate itlf. Its founders include Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus and John Stuart Mill. Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations in 1776 is considered to mark the beginning of classical economics.
4. Give a general survey of the intellectual and ideological developments in Europe by focusing on one or two theoretical schools in the following list: positivism, pragmatism, intuitionalism, psychoanalysis, existentialism, logical atomism, logical positivism and naturalist philosophy.
Existentialism is an important school of thought in the modern age. It is a term that has been ud in the work of 19th and 20th century philosophers among whom are Soren Aabye Kierkegaard, Karl Jaspers, Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre. Despite the doctrinal differences and disagreements among them, they all take the human subject and the condition of existence as a starting point for philosophical exploration.
Existential philosophy begins with a n of confusion in the face of an absurd world. Many existentialists regard traditional philosophy, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experiences. Existentialism has exerted its influence upon Western literature in terms of providing the philosophical basis for the emergence of the “theatre of the absurd” in the field of play.
5. Try to recall how Chine popular culture came into fashion in the last 2 or 3 decades with the introduction of western pop music and art.
Chine popular culture came into fashion in the early 1980s along with China's opening up to the outside world. There emerged many popular singers among whom are Deng Lijun, Mao Amin, etc. Cui Jian derves credit for his contribution to China’s rock music, being the first musician of the genre. Now Chine popular music has entered a period of prosperous development in which old and new musicians compete for excellence and the audience is large in number. Popular music has become a profitable industry.
宿舍海报
