wait, for, wait on, wait at table
wait for表示“等待,等候”某人、某一事件或某人所期望的事。如:
I am still waiting for a reply to my letter. 我仍在等待给我的回信。
He has been waiting for her for two hours. 他已等她两个多小时了。
但He has been waiting for two hours. 句中的wait for不是固定词组,two hours不是等待的对象,是时间状语。
wait on的意思是“服侍,招待”。后面只跟表示人的名词或代词。
She waits on the old man carefully. 她细心地服侍那位老人。
wait on也可表示“继续等着”的意思。如:
The man she is waiting for has not arrived yet. She has to wait on. 她等的那个人还没来。她不得不继续等着。
wait at table(s)意为“伺候人吃饭”。如:
Waiting at tables is also a skilled job. 伺候人吃饭也是一项有技巧的工作。
What’s the date…?, What day is it…?
两者都问时间,What’s the date…? 用于问几月几日,What day is it…?主要用来问星期几。如:What’s the date today? 今天几号了?
It’s December 25th. 今天12月25日。
What day is it today? 今天是星期几?
Today is Sunday. 今天星期日。
wake up, wake up to
二者意思完全不同,wake up的意思是“醒来,叫醒”,还可以引伸为“使……觉悟”的意思。wake up to的意思是“认识到,意识到”(realize),通常接抽象名词。如:
I wake up early every morning. 我每天早晨起得很早。
Wake me up at five, will you? 五点叫醒我,好吗?
They should wake up to the danger they are in. 他们应该认识到自己处境的危险。
warn…against, warn…of
1)warn…of是“警告……(人)存在某事”,of后跟的内容是存在的或可能发生的事。如:
I warned him of the opposition he would meet. 我警告他会遇到反对。
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2)warn…against是“警告……(人)不要做某事”,和warn…not to表示同一个意思。如:
I warned him against swimming in the river. 我警告他不要在河里游泳。
I warned him not to swim in the river. (同上)
注意下句结构:
I warned him that there was danger. 我警告他有危险。
wear, put on, have on, dress, be dresd in, dress up,
pull on, try on, be in
1)put on是“穿上”,“戴上”的意思,表示动作,是非延续性动词。如:
He put on his coat and went out. 他穿上外衣就出去了。
Put on more clothes. I’s very cold outside. 多穿点衣服,外面很冷。
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He put on his hat and his glass before he left the office. 他戴上帽子和眼镜和离开了办公室。
2)wear是“穿着,戴着”的意思,表示状态,是延续性动词,一般现在时表示经常状态,现在进行时表示暂时情况。如:
He often wears a blue jacket. 他常穿一件蓝上衣。
She is wearing a red skirt. 她穿着一件红裙子。
He wears glass. 他戴着眼镜。
3)have on是“穿着”,“戴着”的意思,表示状态,可以和wear互换。如:
She always has her red shoes on. (=She always wears her red shoes.)
她总是穿着她那双红鞋。
4)dress是“穿上”,“穿着”的意思。既表状态,也表动作。既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。
①dress作及物动词,表示“给自己或他人穿(衣服)”,宾语是人,不是衣服;因此常用被动语态,构成be dresd in。如:
Wake up the children and dress them. 叫醒孩子,给他们穿上衣服。
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She is dresd in plain clothes today. 她今天穿着普通衣服。
②dress作不及物动词。
He dress well. 他穿着很讲究。
③dress up是“化装,打扮”,“穿上盛装”的意思。如:
She dresd up for the gathering. 她穿上盛装去参加联欢。
Hua Mu Lan dresd up as man and joined the army instead of her father. 花木兰女扮男装,替父从军。
好整以暇的意思The cheat tried to dress himlf up as an honest man. 那骗子企图把自己打扮成诚实的人。
5)pull on指穿袜,靴子,裤子等自下而上的“穿上”或“匆忙穿上……”。如:
He pulled on his boots.(=pulled his boots on)他穿上靴子。
When he realized how late it was, he pulled his clothes on and ran out. 他意识到时间太晚时,就匆忙穿上衣服,跑了出去。
6)try on意为“穿上试试,试(衣帽等)”。如:
She was trying on a new hat. 她戴上帽子试试。
welcome, welcomed
welcome可作及物动词,形容词和名词用。
welcome作及物动词时,意为“欢迎,迎接”,可用于成语,welcome back“欢迎……归来;welcome sb. to some place. 意为“欢迎到(某地)。”如:
They welcomed me warmly to their home. 他们热烈欢迎我到他们家。
A large crowd gathered at the airport to welcome back the national football team. 许多人聚集在飞机
场欢迎国家足球队的归来。
welcome作形容词用时,意为“受欢迎的”,用来表示某人/某物受欢迎,作表语后可接不定式,表示欢迎某人作某事或单独使用,可用于be welcome to, welcome to sb. 以及you’re welcome等结构中。如:
大便粘腻You know you are welcome to stay. 你知道是欢迎你留下来的。
A ri in salary will be very welcome. 涨工资很受欢迎。
Your visit will be welcome to us all. 我们大家都欢迎你的来访。
Welcome to our school. 欢迎到我校来。
You say“You are welcome”when someone thanks you. 当有人感谢你时,可以说“不用谢”。
welcome作名词用时,多为可数名词。如:
只要的英文We had a rather cold welcome. 我们受到冷待。
You will always have a welcome here. 你在这里总是受欢迎的。
welcome是动词,welcome的过去式或过去分词,用来表示欢迎的动作而不用于指人、事或状态。常用于被动语态。如:
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He was welcomed by the villagers. 他受到了村民的欢迎。
The foreign friends were warmly welcomed by thousands of people. 外国朋友受到几千人的热烈欢迎。
wet, damp
wet的意思是湿透的。指全部或部分被水或其它液体浸透或淋透。涵义较同类词强。
The leaves are wet with dew. 叶子被露水浸透。
The paint of windows is wet. 窗子的油漆未干。
He was wet through yesterday. 昨天他全身淋透。
The weather is rainy and wet. 天气多雨又潮湿。
专项检查damp的意思是潮湿的、有潮气的。涵义比wet弱,表示微湿之意;多指有害健康和令人不快的潮湿。
If you walk in the rain for a short time, your clothes will be damp. 假如你在雨中走一会儿,你的衣服会湿的。
To live in the damp bedroom is unhealthy. 住在潮湿的宿舍里有害健康的。
The air feels damp after the rain has stopped. 雨停后空气有点湿。
What’s wrong with…? What’s the matter with…?
这是常用的口语,可以互换,不同的是What’s wrong with…?比What’s the matter with…?更口语化。前句中的wrong是形容词。如:
What’s wrong with you? 你怎么啦?
What’s the matter with your watch? 你的手表怎么了?
两句的肯定回答可用:
Something is(has gone)wrong with….
There is(has been)something wrong with….
There is the matter with….
其否定回答可以是:
Nothing is wrong with….
what, who, how
作为疑问词,what问的是人的职业,身份;who问人的姓名,关系;而疑问副词how则是问的人的身体状况或其它。如:
What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的?
He is a doctor. 他是位医生。
Who is he? 他是谁?
He is my teacher. 他是我的老师。
How is she? 她怎样啦?
She is quite well. 她很好。
How was your trip? 你的旅行好吗?
注:what问职业,身份,一般多用于第三人称,当面问人的职业,身份时,可用:
What do you do ? 你干什么工作?
I am a bus-driver. 我是巴士司机。
when, while, as
三个词都可以表示“当……时候”,其用法有区别。
1)三个词用法的相同点:在表示一段时间内时,可以通用,从句中所用的动词都是延续性的。如:She started to learn English when(while, as)she was in the middle school. 当她在中学时就开始学英语了。
He came in while(when, as)we were talking. 我们谈话时,他走进来。
2)三个词用法的不同点:①when可以表示某一特定时刻(即时间点),从句动词用非延续性的;而while, as则不表示某一特定时刻。如:
It was raining when I arrived at school yesterday. 昨天当我到校时,天在下雨。
此处不能用while和as,因为arrive是非延续动词,表示过去某一时刻。
When I went into the room, he was at work. 当我走进房间时,他在工作。
②when还可以作等立连词用,这时when=at that time或and then,而while和as则没这种用法。如:
I was walking in the street when I met an old friend of mine. 我正在街上走着,突然(就在那时)遇到一位老朋友。
③while和as当表示一段时间时,常用以强调主从句的动词同时发生或相继发生,而when则没有这种用法。如:
He made notes while(as)he was reading. 他在看书时做了笔记。(他一边看书,一边做笔记)Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
They sang as(while)they walked. 他们边走边唱。
当表示“随着”时,通常用as。如:
Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 随着时间的推移,情况越来越好。
另外what time“什么时候”,指具体的时间点,这时可以和when互换。如:
What time(When)do you get up? —At six o’clock.
which, that, as
以上三个词均可作关系代词用,引导定语从句。
1)that与which
①在限定性定语从句中,往往可以互换,that可替换which,who, whom。如:
The man that(或who)came here this morning is a famous detective. 今天早晨来这的那人是位有名的侦探。
②在非限定性定语从句中,要用which,不能用that;关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用which。如:
We live on the earth, which is much bigger than the moon. 我们生活在地球上,它比月球大得多。
Shanghai is no longer the city that I thought it to be. 上海已不是我过去心目中的上海了。
③如果先行词是all, every(thing), some(thing), any(thing), no(thing), none, little, few, much, only时或被它们修饰,或前有最高级修饰时,常用that。如:
Is this all that’s left? 是不是就剩这个了?
Have you got anything that belongs to me? 你那儿有我的什么东西吗?
The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 只有一件事最重要,那就是找到回家的路。
④介词后不用that,而要用which。如:
This is the room in which Churchill was born. 邱吉尔就出生在这间房子里。
⑤使用that的特殊情况。
在表示方式,时间,地点的单词后(如:time, moment, way, anyway, direction等),常用that代替in which, when, where,且可省去。如:
Do it any way(in which或that) you can. 你可以随意去干。
I didn’t like the way(that) she spoke to me. 我不喜欢她跟我讲话的那种方式。
I’ll never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived. 我永远忘不了你刚来的那个星期天。
2)as与which
①在没有明确的先行词时,as引导的非限定性定语从句,类似一个插入语,在句中的位置可视具体情况灵活安排,且as常代表主句的整个意思。如:
Water, as we know, is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen. 大家都知道,水是氢氧化合物。
As was expected, he finished his work ahead of time. 正如预料那样,他提前完成了工作。
②which引导的非限定性定语从句偶尔有自己的先行词,此时不用as;且which引导的从句不能置于句首,否则,意义和语法上均不能成立。如:
He likes reading the speech, which is very interesting. 他喜欢读那讲演稿,它很有趣。(此句不能用as)
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to living things on it. 太阳晒热地球,这对地球上的生物来说,是至关重要的。(此句可用as,指主句内容)
③在下列条件下,which和as则完全可以互换。(例子见上)。
a. 从句不在句首时。
b. 从句前找不出明确的先行词时。
with words, in word, in a word, in other words, in words,
with the words
with words, in word都表示“口头上”的意思。两者可以通用。in a word意思是“总之,总而言之”。
You should not listen to the teacher in word. 你不应仅在口头上说听老师的话。
In a word, we must study hard. 总之,我们要努力学习。
In a few words是“用几句话”、“简单地”的意思。
Plea explain it in a few words. 请简单的说一下。
in other words意为“换句话说”,in words意为“用语言”。如:
In other words, brown, yellow, etc, are adjectives. 换句话说,褐色的,黄色的等,都是形容词。
He never showed his love to her in words. 他从不用语言表达对她他的爱。
with the words意为“说着这些话”。如:
With the words, he went out. 说着这些话,他出去了。
work on, work at