Subordination分清主从
1. Nominative Absolute
A. n. + prent participle phra
◆到处都可以看见人们穿着节日服装，满脸笑容。
Everywhere you can e people in their holiday dress, their faces shining with smiles.
◆天气要是合适的话，我们明天要到西山去玩。
Weather promising, we’ll go on an excursion to the Western Hill tomorrow.
B. n. + past participle phra
◆他脸朝天，头枕着手躺着。
He lay on his back, his face up and his hands crosd under his head.
◆他做完作业后回家去了。
His work done, he went home.
C. n. + adjective phra
◆他鼻子冻得通红地走进房来。
He came into my room, his no red with cold.
论语全书
◆老头坐了下来，由于痛苦脸色发白，两颊上还带有泪痕。
The old man sat down, his face pale with pain and traces of tears on his cheeks.
D. n. + adverbial phra
◆她伸出双手，掌心向上。老昌春饼
She put out her hands, palms up.
◆他袜子穿反了。
He put on his socks, wrong side out.
圣杯十逆位E. n. + n.
◆数以千计的船民被淹死，其中许多是小孩。
Thousands of boat people were drowned, many of them children.
◆他的第一个剧本成功后，又写了另一个剧本。
His first play a success, he wrote another.
阴茎移植手术F. n. + infinitive
◆来客也不少，有送行的，有拿东西的，有送行兼拿东西的。
We also had quite a number of visitors, some to e us off, some to fetch things, and some to do both.
◆他为这家杂志写了两篇稿子，一篇即将本期发表，另一篇将在下期刊载。
He has written two articles for the journal, one to be published in this issue, the other to come out in the next.
G. n. + prepositional phra
◆他们欢快地一手拿着鞭子，一手扯着缰绳，催马向前。
In jolly spirits, they urged the hors on, whip in one hand and reins in the other.
◆他端着枪，走进那间黑屋子。
He entered the dark room, gun in hand.
H. with + the above-mentioned patterns
◆全班都瞧着他，他更感到不自在了。
He felt more uneasy, with the whole class staring at him.
◆你必须告诉我真实情况，既不要夸大，也不要缩小。
You must give me a true account, with nothing added or nothing removed.
◆我们上午参观了博物馆，中间匆忙地吃顿午饭，就去参观艺术馆。
We visited the Muum in the morning and the Art Gallery later, with a hurry lunch in between.
2. Prent Participle Phra
◆我强作均匀的深呼吸，努力使自己镇静下来。
I tried to compo mylf, forcing deep and even breath.
◆夕阳西下，把金色余晖洒在矮矮的西山上。
The sun was tting, spilling golden light on the low western hills.
3. Past Participle Phra
◆错误与挫折教训了我们，使我们变得聪明起来，我们的事情就办得好一些。
Taught by mistakes and tbacks, we have become wir and handle our problems better.
◆我一直坐到十一点多钟，全神贯注地看书。
I sat until eleven, absorbed in a book. [… burying my head in a book]
4. Adjective Phra
◆周总理是那样谦逊、随和、易于接近，使大家很快就不紧张了。
Modest, unassuming, easy to approach, Premier Zhou soon put everyone there completely at ea.
◆这些艺术品丰富多彩，栩栩如生，而且别出心裁，具有鲜明的民族特色和地方色彩。
Colorful, lifelike and original, the works of art had distinctive national and local characteristics.
5. Noun Phra
◆他是一位天才的语言学家，同样精通法、德、英等多种语言。
A gifted linguist, he was equally at home in French, German and English.
女性尿频的原因◆中国是个发展中国家，属于第三世界。
A developing country, China belongs to the Third World.
6. Infinitive Phra
◆如果听到他讲英语，人们会以为他是英国人。
To hear him speak English, one would take him for an Englishman.
◆有一天内孙先生在城里不见了，以后再没有人看到他。
One day Mr. Nelson disappeared from the town, never to be en again.
7. Co-operative Phra
◆运动会风雨无阻，照常进行。
The sports meeting will be held, rain or shine.
◆不管成功与否，我要试一下。
Sink or swim, I’ll try it.
8. Explanatory and Descriptive Phra
◆他的妻子料理一切大大小小的事务。
人文主义精神
图片加字His wife manages all affairs, big and small.
◆他光头赤脚，气喘吁吁地冲进房来。
上海社保卡办理He dashed into my room, hatless, barefooted and out of breath.
9. Continuative Negation
◆周围没有村庄，甚至连一颗可供遮蔽的大树也没有。
There are no villages around, nor even a big tree to take shelter under.
◆中国不做超级大国，现在不做，将来也不做。
China will not be a superpower, not either today or even in the future.
