UNIT2
How empathy unfolds（呈现、显露）
1 The moment Hope, just nine months old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled（爬） off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt. And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bear for his crying friend Paul; when Paul kept crying, Michael retrieved（恢复，取回） Paul's curity blanket for him. Both the small acts of sympathy and caring were obrved by mothers trained to record such incidents of empathy in action. The results of the study suggest that the roots of empathy can be traced to（追溯到） infancy（初期、婴儿期）. Virtually（几乎、事实上） from the day they are born infants are upt when they hear another infant crying—a respon some e as the earliest precursor科技展览（先驱、前导） of empathy.
2 Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress（危难、不幸） even before they fully realize that they exist apart from other people. Even a few months after birth, infants react to a disturbance（干扰） in tho around them as tho
ugh it were their own, crying when they e another child's tears. By one year or so, they start to realize the miry（痛苦、不幸） is not their own but someone el's, though they still em confud over what to do about it. In rearch by Martin L. Hoffman at New York University, for example, a one-year-old brought his own mother over to comfort a crying friend, ignoring the friend's mother, who was also in the room. This 劳动合同范本免费下载confusion（混淆、困惑） is en too when one-year-olds 龙归派出所imitate解郁安神胶囊（模仿） the distress of someone el, possibly to better 名人访谈comprehend（理解） what they are feeling; for example, if another baby hurts her fingers, a one-year-old might put her own fingers in her mouth to e if she hurts, too. On eing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own eyes, though they had no tears.
3 Such motor mimicry（模仿）, as it is called, is the original technical n of the word empathy as it was first ud in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from（起源于） a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes（引起、唤起） the same feelings in onelf. He sought（寻找，ek的过去式） a word that would be distinct fro
m sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight（困境、境况）海黄瓜 of another with no sharing whatever of what that other person is feeling.
4 Motor mimicry 兄弟成语fades from（从……中消逝） toddlers'（初学走路的孩子） repertoire（全部技能） at around two and a half years, at which point they realize that someone el's pain is different from their own, and are better able to comfort them. A typical incident, from a mother's diary:
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