有3对中部着丝粒染色体和5对端部着丝粒染色体，也与雏蝗属之间有很大的相似性，表明二属间具有较近的亲缘关系。
3、内蒙古分布的华北雏蝗与蒙古国分布的褐色雏蝗Chorthippus brunneus Thunberg的外部形态和阳茎基背片基本相同；染色体特征参数方面，二种雏蝗染色体数目均为17条，具有3对中部着丝粒染色体和5对端部着丝粒染色体，组式均为6L+8M+2S+XO，性染色体位次也为第8位；经聚类分析，也处于相同地位。由此证实内蒙古原记载的华北雏蝗这个亚种在该地区并无分布。
4、通过聚类分析可以看出，曲隆亚属和短翅亚属的亲缘关系较近，直隆亚属次之，黑翅亚属的距离较远，且在外部形态上，黑翅亚属也与其它三属有着明显的区别，这对一些国内外学者所提出的“将黑翅亚属提升为一个独立的属”观点提供了进一步的证据。考后感
关键词：蒙古高原，雏蝗属，蝗虫，染色体，核型，聚类分析
ABSTRACT
The taxonomy and genetic diversity of 17 species belonging to Chorthippus Fieber in Mongolia Plateau have been studied. This paper mainly compares the differences of chromosomal characters between the same species in Inner Mongolia and Mongolia and between Chorthippus and Euchorthippus. Throu
gh the, we not only can discuss the differences of the same genus among different distribution and environment, but also can reveal the genetic relationship and evolutional process of living organism for providing the basically references of Cytotaxonomy about inct.
All specimens involved in this study were collected from 19 districts in Mongolia （Ulaanbaatar、Bounuur、Binder、Dadal、Bayandun、Choybaisan、Bayr nuur、Chalchyn、Erdenechangan、Oariganga、Ogil nuur、Bulgan、Hutan Ondor、Teshig、Zeelter、Altanbulag、Eroo、Bornuur、Khuhnuur）and most districts in Inner Mongolia during June to September in 2009 and 2010. The chromosome number, type, pattern, x chromosome ranking, chromosome relative length and so on of every species were caculated and analyd by the software of Motic Images Advanced 3.2、Video Test-Karyo 3.1 and SPSS. The conclusions as follows:
北方的天空下1. Sex-determining mechanism of Chorthippus Fieber in Mongolia Plateau belongs to XO type. The number of chromosomes in most grasshoppers of Chorthippus is 2n（♂）=17, in which 3 pairs of them are metacentric whereas the other 5 pairs and x chromosome are telocentric. The chromosome group type mainly is 6L+6M+4S+XO. However, Chorthippus schimidti Ikon. has a chromosome number of 2n（♂）=23, in which all chromosomes are telocentric. The chromosome group type is 8L+8M+6S+XO. Chorthippus montanus （Charp.） has a chromosome
创业指南中国房价排行number of 2n（♂）=19, in which 1 pairs of them is metacentric whereas the other 8 pairs and x chromosome are telocentric. The chromosome group type is 8L+8M+2S+XO. Though there are considerable differences in the relative length and position of x chromosomes of every species, they are either medium chromosome or small ones. The similarities of chromosome number and chromosome pattern are showing the common features of the genus. However, the differences of chromosome group type and locations of x-chromosome are indicating a different hereditary features exit in thes species.
2. Many external morphological characters between Chorthippus and Euchorthippus are exactly same. There is only one difference that tarsus is symmetrical or asymmetrical. Moreover, the two genus have the same chromosome number of 2n（♂）=17, in which 3 pairs of them are metacentric whereas the other 5 pairs and x chromosome are telocentric. This shows that the genetic relationship between the two genus is very clo.
3.Chorthippus bruneus huabeiensis Xia et Jin distributed in Inner Mongolia has the same external morphological characters and epiphallus with Chorthippus brunneus Thunberg distributed in Mongolia. In addition, the two species have the same chromosome karyotype characters. They not only have the same chromosome number of 17, in which 3 pairs of them are metacentric whereas th
e other 5 pairs and x chromosome are telocentric, and the same group type of 6L+8M+2S+XO, but also have the same position of x chromosomes which is 8th and the same status in clustering analysis. So, it can be en that the subgenus Chorthippus bruneus huabeiensis distributed in Inner Mongolia does not exist in this area actually.
人生坎坷
4.Depending on the clustering analysis,the genetic relationship between Glyptobothrus Chopard and Altichorthippus Jago is more clor. Chorthippus Fieber is farther and Megaulacobothrus Caudell is the farthest. At the same time, external morphological characters of Megaulacobothrus
are obviously different from tho ones of subgenus. That could be provided more evidences for the opinions of foreign scientists that Megaulacobothrus should be promoted to a parate genus.
KEY WORDS: Mongolia Plateau, Chorthippus Fieber, grasshoppers, chromosome karotype, clustering analysis
独创性声明
本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果，尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含本
人为获得内蒙古师范大学或其它教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示感谢。
头像男动漫呆萌可爱
签名： 日期： 年 月 日
关于论文使用授权的说明
本学位论文作者完全了解内蒙古师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定：内蒙古师范大学有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅，可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文，并且本人电子文档的内容和纸质论文的内容相一致。
认识时钟ppt
叮叮铛铛保密的学位论文在解密后也遵守此规定。
签名： 导师签名：
日期： 年 月 日
