被动语态专项
一、动词语态概述:表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式，英语中动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
▲主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者或发出者或者说动作是由主语完成的。
▲被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或者说动作不是由主语而由其他人完成的。
Eg: The workers built a new building last year
Eg: Chine is spoken by more and more people in the world.
此句为 语态，主语为动作的 者，谓语动词 ，病假请假条 为动作的发出者。
二、被动语态的构成
（一）基本结构:助动词（be）＋及物动词过去分词done.
如果需要强调动作或行为的发出者，则在其后＋by＋执行者，意为“被谁……”
注:这里助动词be有时态，人称和数的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
（二）常见各种时态被动语态的构成.
★【1】一般现在时被动语态构成:is\am\are＋及物动词过去分词（done）
1.I (ask)to study hard by my teachers.
2.Our classroom (clean) every day.
3.Knives (u)for cutting things.
4.This kind of car (make)in China.
5.What languages (speak) in that country?舞蹈家的英文
★【2】一般过去时的被动语态构成:was\were＋及物动词过去分词（done）.
1.A new factory (build) last month.
2.The trees (cut)down two days ago.
3.The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it (invent).
4.--Who designed this game? --It手抄报字 (design)by Tom in 1999.
色彩知识 5.Flowers (plant)along the road last year.
【3】一般将来时的被动语态构成:will be＋及物动词过去分词（done）.
1.A new building (build)in our school next year .
2.Many more trees （plant）next spring.
3.- Have you finished your project?
- Not yet. I’ll finish it if I (give)in Brazil ten more minutes.
4.The 31th Olympic Games (hold) in Brazil .
可然冰 【4】现在实行时的被动语态构成:am/is/are＋being＋及物动词过去分词（done）.
1.The room (clean) by Tom now.
2.Flowers (water) over there by them.
【5】过去实行时被动语态构成:was/were/＋being＋及物动词过去分词（done）.
1.The car (repair) by Tom when I found it.
2.The books (print) at that time.
★【6】现在完成时被动语态构成:have/has been＋及物动词过去分词（done）.
1.This book (translate) into many languages.
2.The machines (produce) since two months ago.
3.People who (invite) to the party are very excited.
4.Great changes (take place) in Daqing since the 1990s.
【7】过去完成时被动语态构成：had been＋及物动词过去分词（done）.
1.More than 3000 words (learn) by the end of last term.
2.The boy (break)when I found it .
★【8】含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词＋be＋及物动词过去分词（done）.
1.Young trees should (water) often.
2.Teenagers should (allow) to choo their own clothes.
3.The door may (lock)inside.
4.Your homework must (finish) on time.
5.Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information can (learn)in a short time.
6.---When should I hand in my paper?
---Your paper must (hand in ) as soon as the bell (ring)
【9】被动语态句型变化.
1. 陈述句变一般疑问句将第一个助动词置于主语之前。
It is ud for writing .
2. 肯定句变否定句在第一个助动词后加not
The broken glass should be thrown away.
3. 特殊疑问句的语序为“疑问词＋一般疑问句”
Vegetables were grown in the countryside.
4. 含情态动词的被动语态变否定式在情态动词后＋not.
The work must be finished today. .
（三）被动语态的用法。
1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁
Some new computers were made in shanghai.
This book was published in 2009.
2. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者
The new bridge will be built in two months.
The tool is ud for cleaning things.
3. 动作的发出者不是人. Mang hous were washed away in the flood .
（四）主动语态变被动语态
★主动语态：主语＋谓语动词＋宾语＋其他
被动语态：主语＋be＋过去分词＋by＋宾语＋其他
老歌大全
Eg：主动：Many people speak English.
被动：English is spoken by many people
1. 主动的宾语变为被动的 .
2. 主动的谓语动词变为被动结构
3. 主动的主语放在介词 花的笔画顺序之后作 ，将主格改为 .
4. 其他成分（定语，状语）不变。
注：1. 主被动的时态要一致.
2. 变为被动语态的新的主语要与谓语保持数的一致.
1. Peter mended the broken bike this morning.
.
2. He has written two novels so far.
.
3. They will buy some fruit tomorrow.
随方就圆 .
4. You must lock the door when you leave.
