Chapter 3: The Romantic Period
考核要求:
1.识记：浪漫主义时期的界定和历史文化背景
2.领会：浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响以及浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张及对后世文学的影响。
3.应用：名词解释浪漫主义以及浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析
1. Historical background:
Internationally,
①The French Revolutions: --the great event, arou great sympathy and enthusiasm in the English liberals and Conrvatives, they all declared Liberty, Equality and Fraternity
②Rousau--the great French Philosopher. Influence by Rousau, the writers began to explore the new ideas about Nature, Society and Education
The paved the way for the development of Romanticism in the literature internationally
Nationally,
①Industrial revolution (Industrialization, Further capitalization and Urbanization)
②The survival of fittest (the sharper contradiction between capitalists and the labors)
The are the national basis of the production of Romanticism
2. Literature background:
The early works with Romantic tendency are following:
台球杆皮头
Thomas Paine’s The Declaration of Rights of Man claiming Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.
Edmund Burke published his Reflections on the Revolution in France.
机械功
William Godwin’s Inquiry Concerning Political Justice. Against the injustice, economic system and the oppression of the poor.
立普妥副作用Mary Wollstonecraft urged the equal rights for women in her A Vindication(辩护) of the Right of Woman.
3. The definition, duration and characteristics of the Romanticism:
①The definition愚人节的由来:
The Romantic Movement, which associated with vitality, powerful emotion and dreamlike ideas, is simply the expression of life as en by the imagination rather than by prosaic common n.
The contrast between Romanticism and Neoclassicism:
Romanticism: associated with vitality, powerful emotion and dreamlike ideas
Neoclassicism: associated with order, common n and controlled reason
②Duration:
Beginning time: 1798 marked by the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge
Ending time: 1832 marked by the death of Scott and the passage of the first Reform Bill
【例题】Which of the following poems is a landmark in English poetry? (0704)
A. Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge
B. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William Wordsworth
C. “Remor”by Samuel Taylor Coleridge 栩栩如生的意思
D. Leaves of Grass Walt Whitman
【答案】A
【解析】(P157. para.1)
所谓landmark，是指在英国文学史上具有划时代意义的作品。 Lyrical Ballads 的出版标志着英国文学的浪漫主义时期的开始，所以答案是A
③Characteristics:
The spontaneous overflow(自然流露的) of powerful feeling
The creation of a world of imagination
The return to nature for materials
Sympathy with the humble and glorification of the common place
Emphasis upon the expression of individual genius
A n of melancholy and loneliness of the character
我最喜爱的植物The rebellious spirits of the author
The major achievements are poetry
4. The viewpoints of Romanticists on society and literature:
①Socially:
Romanticist saw man esntially as an individual in the solitary state
The Romanticist emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind
The Romanticists changed the direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirits
②On Literature:
In esnce it designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to e the individual as the very center of all life and all experience
It also place individual at the center of the art
Make the literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feeling and particular attitudes
Value its accuracy in portraying the individual’s experiences
5. The development of Romanticism and its principles:
①The development
道路交通标线分为In this period, we note a new interest in literatures and legends other than tho of Greece and Rome. It was in effect a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason
They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution.
Major Reprentatives of this movement: Wordsworth and Coleridge
②The principles
General principles:
They saw poetry as a healing energy
耳朵的英语They believe that poetry could purify both individual soul and society
They explored the new theories and innovated new techniques in poetry:
