Chapter 1 Invitation to Linguistics
Language The Definition(语言的定义)
The Design Features Arbitrariness
（本质特征） Duality
Creativity
Displacement
语言先天反射理论
The Origin Of Language The bow-bow theory
(语言的起源) The pooh-pooh theory
The “yo-he-yo”theory
认为拼音
Jacobos（与The Prague School一致）Referential
Functions Of Language Ideational Poetic
Emotive炸丸子怎么做
Halliday Interpersonal Conative
Phatic
Textual Metalingual
The Basic Functions Informative
Interpersonal
Performative
Emotive function
Phatic communion
(B.Malinowski 提出)
Recreation function
Metalingual function
Linguistics The Definition
The Main Branches of Linguistics Phonetics
(微观语言学) Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics怎样补锌
Macrolinguistics Psycholinguistics
(宏观语言学） Sociolinguistics
Anthropological Linguistics
Computaioanl Linguistics
Descriptive &Prescriptive
既然什么意思 Synchronic&Diachronic
Important Distinctions Langue&Parole
Competence&Performance
Chapter 2 Speech Sounds
棒球服配什么裤子 Phonetics Acoustic Phonetics (生物治疗声学语音学)
语音学 Auditory Phonetics(听觉语言学)
Articulatory Phonetics(发声语音学)
Speech Organs/Vocal organs
(lungs ,trachea,uth)
IPA/Diacritics(变音符)
Consonants The definition
The manner of articulation
Articulatory Phonetics The place of articulation
(发声语音学)
Vowels The definition
The sound of English:RP/GA
Cardinal vowels
The requirements of description
Coarticulation Anticipatory Coarticulation
Perverative Coarticulation
Phonetics transcription Narrow transcription
Broad transcription
Phonology 音位理论 Minimal Pairs（cut&put）
音素是语音学研究的单位。人类在说语音时所发出的一 切音都是音素，有些音素具有区别性价值，而有的没有。Feet/di:t/中有/f/,/i:/,/t/三个音素。音位是音系学研究 采购文员基本单位，它们具有区别性价值，是抽象的，是一组语音特征的集合，不是一个具体的音。音位在特定的语音环境里的具体体现形式形成音位变体，同一语音在不的语音环境里体现为不同的变体称之为音位变体。不送气 /t/,/送气t─h/ 是/t/ 的音位变体。
Phone&Phonemes&Allophone(音素&音位&音位变体)
