语言学重点名词解释
1.Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols ud for human communication.
2.Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.
3.Arbitrariness refers that there is no logical connection between a linguistic symbol and what the symbol stands for(meaning and sounds).
4.Duality means the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are compod of elements of the condary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.
安全教育班会记录5.Creativity(productivity)means language is resourceful becau of its duality and recursiveness.
6.Displacement means language can be ud to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.
7.Cultural transmission: language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation. The details of the linguistic system must be learned by each speaker.
8.Interchangeability: means that any human being can be both a producer and a receiver of messages.
乐艺9.Linguistics is the scientific study of language
10.Descriptive means the linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually u.
走进老区看新貌Prescriptive means the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard behavior in using language to tell people what they should say and not say.
11.Synchronic共时in which languages are treated as lf-contained systems of communication at any particular time在那一刻、时、块的情况（当代、古代）
Diachronic 历时 in which the changes to which languages are subject in the cour of ti
me and treated historically.(在过程中都有什么变化、区别、有大时间变化)2个共时即为历时
12.Langue and parole 找笔记重点。Competence and performance 找笔记重点。
13.Phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s languages.
望尘莫及打一生肖14.Consonants： are sounds produced by obstructing the flow of air in the oral cavity。Vowels： are produced when the air stream meets with no obstruction。
15.diacritics：are additional symbols or marks ud together with the consonant and vowel symbols to indicate nuances of change in their pronunciation.
16.Phonology is the study of the sound patterns and sound systems of languages. It aims to discover the principles that governs the way sounds are organized in languages, and to explain the variations that occur.
17.Articulatory phonetics发音语音学studies of the production of speech sounds.
新年手抄报英语内容Acoustic phonetics声学语音学studies of the physical properties of speech sounds
Perceptual phonetics感知听觉 is concerned with the perception of speech sounds
18.Coarticulation协同发音 means when a speech sound changes and becomes more like another sound which follows it on precedes it
Anticipatory coarticulation: a sound becomes more like the following sound. Eg: lamb
Perverative coarticulation: the sound shows the influence of the preceding sound. Eg: map
19.Broad transcription: the transcription with letters, symbols only.
Narrow transcription: the transcription with letters,symbols together with the diacritics.
20.Phone is a phonetic unit or gment. The speech sounds we hear and produce during linguistic communication are all phones.But a phone does not distinguish meaning.
全球人种智商排名
21.Phoneme is a phonological unit which is the smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish two words.
短故事笑话
22.Allophone means the different phones which can reprent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the allophones of that phoneme. The choice of an allophone is not random, it is rule-governed in different contexts
23.Minimal pair: A minimal pair contains two words in a language which differ from each other by only one distinctive sound and which also differ in meaning.
24.Allophones of a phoneme always occur in different phonetic environment, so they are said to be in complementary distribution.
25.If the phonetically similar sounds are 2 distinctive phonemes,they are said to form a phonemic contrast.
26.Free variation: When two or more linguistic items occur in the same position without any apparent change of meaning they are in free variation.
27.Assimilation同化现象is a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound。
Regressive assimilation: a following sound influencing a preceding sound
Progressive assimilation: a preceding sound influences a following sound.
音位变化规则：three aspects： a t of sounds to undergo the process; a t of sounds produced by the process ; a t of situations in which the process applies.
理想的人生
