魔法英语(初中版)
第⼀章词类概括
⼀、词类
英语中所有的词可分成⼗⼤类,每⼀类词在句⼦中都有其特定的位置和作⽤,因此分清每⼀个单词的词类对于学好英语具有⾮常关键的作⽤。
这⼗⼤词类是:
名词(Nouns): 是表⽰⼈或事物的名称的词。
如:teacher, China 等。
形容词(Adjectives): 是表⽰⼈或事物特征的词。
如:good, nice, beautiful 等。
副词(Adverbs): 是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词。
如:slowly, much, fast等。
代词(Pronouns): 是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。
如:she, our, one等。
数词(Numerals): 是表⽰数量和顺序的词。
如:eight, thirteen, fifth, first等。
动词(Verbs): 是表⽰动作或状态的词。
如:run, make, look, get等。
冠词(Articles): 与名词连⽤,起说明⼈或事物的作⽤。
如:the, a, an.
介词(Prepositions): 通常置于名词和代词之前,表⽰名词或代词与其他词的关系。女生伤感网名
如:in, on, at, about, through等。
连词(Conjunctions): 是连接词与词、短语与短语或句⼦与句⼦的词。
如:and, but, becau 等。
感叹词(Interjections): 是表⽰说话⼈的感情或语⽓的词。
⼆、词类的互相转化
英语中,有的词可能具有⼏种词性,⽽某种词性的确定取决于该词在句⼦中的⽤法。
A、动词与形容词的互相转换
Mother cleans the hou every Saturday. (动词)
妈妈每周六都打扫房⼦。
Her room is very clean. (形容词)
她的房⼦⾮常⼲净。
Open the door, plea. (动词)
请把门打开。
The door is open now. (形容词)
门现在是开着的。
Empty the glass! (动词)
⼲杯
Your glass is empty. (形容词)
你的杯⼦空了。
B、动词与名词的互相转化
They talk about their journey happily. (动词)
他们兴⾼采烈地讨论他们的旅⾏。
猪肉酸菜馅饺子怎么调馅好吃
Mr Li wants to have a talk with you. (名词)
李先⽣想要与你交谈⼀下。
It often snows heavily at this time of year. (动词)镁铝
每年这个时候经常下⼤雪。
The ground was covered with snow. (名词)
⼤地被⽩雪覆盖了。
Did they test your car yesterday? (动词)
他们昨天检测你的车了吗?
She didn’t pass the test for driving licence. (名词)
C、名词与形容词的互相转化
Who is the girl in yellow by the door? (名词)
门⼝那个穿黄⾊⾐服的⼥孩是谁?
The yellow bike outside the door is mine. (形容词)
门外那辆黄⾊的⾃⾏车是我的。
Will they have another round of diplomatic talks next month? (名词)他们下个⽉要进⾏另⼀轮外交谈判吗?
The earth is round. (形容词)
地球是圆的。
Can you e the big square of grass in the centre of the city? (名词)
你能看见市中⼼的那⼀⼤块正⽅形的草地吗?
In writing, we should first ask the children to make characters square and upright.
(形容词) 在书写⽅⾯,我们应该⾸先要求孩⼦们把汉字写的⽅⽅正正。
D、名词与副词的互相转化
There is a big blackboard at the back of the classroom. (名词)
教师的后⾯有⼀块⼤⿊板。
When will you come back? (副词)
你什么时候回来?
The post office is just on the right. (名词)
邮局就在右边。
Turn right, you will find the hospital. (副词)
往右拐,你就看见医院了。
花朵舞
The school is not far from my home. (名词)
学校离我家不远。
Her father always goes to work early and comes home late. (副词)
她的⽗亲去上班总是早出晚归。
E、副词与形容词的互相转化
Why does his father often come home late? (副词)
他的⽗亲为什么经常很晚才回家?
He is often late for school. (形容词)
他上学经常迟到。
The room is big enough to hold at least twenty people. (副词)
高级工程师论文这间屋⼦⼤的⾜够容纳20个⼈。
Do you have enough time to finish all the exercis? (形容词)
你有⾜够的时间做完所有这些习题吗?
The little girl swims very well. (副词)
这个⼩姑娘游泳游得⾮常好。
I am very well today. (形容词)
我今天很好。
F、副词与介词的相互转化
He will fall behind in his English study if he doesn’t work harder. (副词) 如果他再不努⼒的话,他的英语就落后了。She was sitting just behind me. (介词) 她就坐在我的后⾯。
The car pasd by with sharp noi. (副词) 那辆车带着刺⽿的声⾳开了过去。
I looked round and saw her sitting by the window. (介词)
我环视四周,看见她正在窗户边坐着。
The teacher told him to go on reading the next paragraph. (副词) ⽼师让他继续读下⼀段课⽂。
On the top of the monument, there is a statue of agulls. (介词) 在纪念碑的顶部,有⼀座海鸥雕像。
三、英语词汇中的合成词和派⽣词
A、合成词
将两个或者两个以上的词组合在⼀起⽽形成的新词,叫合成词。
1.合成词常见的构成⽅式
①直接组合成为⼀个词
Play+ground→playground 操场
Post+card→postcard 明信⽚
rail+way→railway 铁路
police+man→policeman 警察
air+port→airport 机场
basket+ball→basketball 篮球
home+work→homework 家庭作业
black+board→blackboard ⿊板
②中间⽤连字符号连在⼀起,组成合成词
bus+stop→bus-stop 汽车站
man+made→man-made ⼈造的
four+year+old→four-year-old 四岁⼤的
two+meter+tall→two-meter-tall 两⽶⾼的
200+kilometer+long→200-kilometer-long 200公⾥长的
snow+covered→snow-covered ⽩雪覆盖的
sister+in+law→sister-in-law 嫂⼦
③⼀些合成词不⽤连字符号⽽是分开来写的
waiting room 候车室(候诊室)
ice cream 冰淇淋Array
birthday party ⽣⽇聚会
sports shoes 运动鞋
space science 宇宙学
space platform 空间站
多头菊
future life 未来⽣活
2、含有数字的复合型形容词
①基数词+可数名词(单数)+形容词
a four-year-old girl ⼀个四岁的⼥孩
a two-meter-tall man ⼀个⾝⾼两⽶的⼈
fn键
a 200-kilometer-long freeway ⼀条长200公⾥的⾼速公路
a ten-foot-deep swimming pool ⼀个10英尺深的游泳池
a 5,000-year-old 5,000年的历史
a two-year-long imprisonment 两年的刑期
②基数词+名词所有格
three week’ journey (= a three-week journey)
三个星期的⾏程
twenty hours’ flight (= a twenty-hour flight)
⼆⼗个⼩时的航程
three hours’ ride (= a three-hour ride)
三个⼩时的车程
half an hour’s walk (= a 30-minute walk)
半个⼩时的步⾏
ven days’holiday (= a ven-day holiday)
七天的假期
twenty minutes’ break (= a 20-minute break)
⼆⼗分钟的休息时间
B、派⽣词
在⼀个词的前⾯或后⾯加上前缀或后缀构成的新词叫派⽣词。
1. 经常使⽤的前缀
a.: 表⽰状态。如:alike 相同的,awake 醒着的,alive活着的,asleep
着的,ashamed 羞耻的。
dis-: 表⽰否定,“不”。如:dislike 不喜欢,disappear 消失,disobey 不
服从,disagree 意见不合;不⼀致。
mis- 表⽰“搞错,不,误”。如:misdirect,误导misunderstand误解,misfortune不幸。
re-表⽰“再次”,“重新”。如:review复习,retell复述,rebuid重建,retur
归还,repeat重说,重做。
tele-:表⽰“远距离的”.如telephone电话,television电视,telegram电报,telescope望眼镜。
秋风明月un-:表⽰否定,“不”。如:unfair不公平的,unimportant不重要的,unknown 未知的;⽆名的。Unfit 不适宜的,不胜任的。