胡壮麟《语言学教程》考研真题精选(选择题)【圣才出品】

更新时间:2023-07-31 14:33:31 阅读: 评论:0

二、选择题
1. The maxim of_____ requires that a participant’s contribution be relevant to the conversation.(对外经贸2015研)
A. quantity
B. quality
C. manner
D. relation
电脑检测不到硬盘【答案】D
【解析】在语言学中,The Cooperative Principles(合作原则)包括:Quantity Maxim(数量准则);Quality Maxim(质量准则);Relation Maxim(关系准则);Manner
Maxim(方式准则)。其中关系准则要求说话要贴切,要有关联(be relevant),不答
非所问。因此答案选D。
2. Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the _____ while the latter does not.(北二外2017研)
擒贼先擒王上一句A. meaning
B. word class
C. form
D. speech sound
【答案】B
舌苔黄腻【解析】morpheme语素,分为自由语素和黏着语素,其中黏着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型,词缀分为派生词缀(derivational affixes)和屈折词缀(inflectional affixes)。
派生词缀黏附在词根语素上构成新词,也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类
别归属。屈折词缀只能改变一个词的形式,不能构成新词。也即屈折词缀增加的是
表示句法范畴的意义,并且总是不改变词的类别归属。即两者重要区别在于是否改
变了词的类别,故B为正确答案。
3. “Wife”, which ud to refer to any woman, stands for “a married woman” in
modern English. This phenomenon is known as _____.(西安交大2008研)
A. mantic shift
B. mantic broadening
C. mantic elevation
D. mantic narrowing
【答案】D梦见亲人生病很严重
【解析】词义缩小是指原来的词义缩小或被限制到某个明确的意义上。
4. Which of the following words are formed by blending?(对外经贸2005研)
好玩的梗
A. girlfriend
B. television
C. smog
D. bunch
【答案】C
【解析】smog是由smoke和fog二词缩合而成的。
5. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest, and explain the reason in ONE ntence.(南京大学2007研)
A. resolution
B. resident
C. restart
D. resignation
【答案】C
爱国名句【解析】/s/ 在restart中位于清辅音前,所以被轻音化。
6. The word “hospitalize” is an example of _____ in terms of word formation.(北二外2017研)
A. Derivation
B. Compound
C. Inflection
D. Clipping
【答案】A
【解析】考查英语构词法。常见的有:Conversion(词性转化法),Acronym(首字母缩略词),Clipping(截短法),派生法(derivation),合成法(compounding),混合法(blending)。hospitalize是由hospital加后缀-ize构成的,即属于派生
法。故选A。
7. There are generally three kinds of n relations recognized, sameness relation,
oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are reprented by _____ respectively.(大连外国语学院2008研)
A. synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymy
B. synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy
C. antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy
【答案】A
【解析】有三种涵义关系,分别为同义关系,反义关系和上下义关系。
8. _____ refers to the obstruction of the air stream caud by the tongue tip or blade and the alveolar ridge, such as in the production of [t].(北二外2017研)
A. Stop
B. Dental
C. Alveolar
D. Glide
【答案】C
【解析】考查辅音的分类。根据发音部位,主要分为双唇音(bilabials),唇齿音(labiodental),齿音(dental),齿龈音(alveolar),硬腭音(palatal),软腭音(velar),
声门音(glottal);而按照发音方式,可分为爆破音(stops),磨擦音(fricatives),
破擦音(affricates),鼻音(nasals),流音(liquids),滑音(Glides)。由
题意,舌端和齿龈形成阻碍成音,即为齿龈音,常见辅音有[t] [d] [s] [z] [ts] [dz] [n]
[l],故C正确。
9. Bird and cuckoo have the n relation of hyponymy. Which of the following pairs of words has the same n relation?(对外经贸2005研)
A. Vowel and consonant
B. Mouth and tongue
C. Lexicon and word字体图片
D. Number and gender
【答案】B
【解析】布谷鸟是鸟的下义词,舌是口腔的下义词。
10. In Saussure’s view, a sign is just like a coin. It has two sides. One is the signifier,
the other is called the _____.(北二外2017研)
A. significant
B. signified
C. sign
D. index
【答案】B
【解析】索绪尔认为语言是一种符号系统,符号由“能指”(signifiant, signifier)和“所指”(signifie, signified)两部分组成。“能指”指语言的声音形象,“所指”指
语言所反映的事物的概念。
11. Which of the following is true of an allophone?(对外经贸2005研)
A. A phone can be the allophone of all English vowel phonemes.
B. There are no restrictions on the distribution of an allophone.
C. There is no possibility of an allophone becoming a phoneme.
D. An allophone changes the meaning of the word.
【答案】C
【解析】音素是语音学研究的一个基本单位,是人类的发音器官所能发出的最小语音片段,音位是一组语音特征的抽象集合体,并不是所有的因素都是音位。音位变体必须互
补分布,且不会改变词义。)
12. How is the word “hiber n ate” formed, which means “to ignore friends when
you start dating a new boyfriend or girl friend”?(对外经贸2017研)
A. through blending
B. through compounding
水仙不开花C. through derivation
D. through conversion
【答案】C
【解析】hibernate本意为“冬眠”,“在开始恋爱时忽视朋友”是其衍生的意思,故选C。
13. Which of the following is NOT a process of the lexical change?(大连外国语学院2008研)
A. INVENTION.

本文发布于:2023-07-31 14:33:31,感谢您对本站的认可!

本文链接:https://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/82/1124819.html

版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。

标签:词缀   解析   关系   分为   音位   改变   语素
相关文章
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论)
   
验证码:
推荐文章
排行榜
Copyright ©2019-2022 Comsenz Inc.Powered by © 专利检索| 网站地图